Merge branch 'develop' into update-segmentation

.travis.yml

@@ -20,9 +20,6 @@ before_install:
   - sudo apt-get -y install python-joblib=0.8.3-1-cdb1
   - sudo apt-get -y install python-numpy=1:1.6.1-6ubuntu1
 
-  # Install pysal
-  - sudo pip install -I pysal==1.11.2
-
   - sudo apt-get -y install python-scipy=0.14.0-2-cdb6
   - sudo apt-get -y --no-install-recommends install python-sklearn-lib=0.14.1-3-cdb2
   - sudo apt-get -y --no-install-recommends install python-sklearn=0.14.1-3-cdb2

NEWS.md

@@ -1,5 +1,23 @@
+0.8.1 (2018-03-12)
+------------------
+* Adds improperly added version files
+
+0.8.0 (2018-03-12)
+------------------
+* Adds `CDB_MoransILocal*` functions that return spatial lag [#202](https://github.com/CartoDB/crankshaft/pull/202)
+
+0.7.0 (2018-02-23)
+------------------
+* Updated Moran and Markov documentation [#179](https://github.com/CartoDB/crankshaft/pull/179) [#155](https://github.com/CartoDB/crankshaft/pull/155)
+* Updated examples in documentation [#193](https://github.com/CartoDB/crankshaft/pull/193)
+* Better error management for empty values [#157](https://github.com/CartoDB/crankshaft/pull/157)
+* Added nonspatial kmeans with class framework [#150](https://github.com/CartoDB/crankshaft/pull/150)
+* Added multipolygons and geometry collections support to PIA analyssis [#165](https://github.com/CartoDB/crankshaft/pull/165)
+* Upgraded PySAL to v1.14.3 [#198](https://github.com/CartoDB/crankshaft/pull/198)
+
 0.6.1 (2017-11-23)
-* Add VOLATILITY and PARALLEL categories to PostgreSQL functions
+------------------
+* Added VOLATILITY and PARALLEL categories to PostgreSQL functions [#183](https://github.com/CartoDB/crankshaft/pull/183)
 
 0.6.0 (2017-11-08)
 ------------------

doc/02_moran.md

@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
-## Areas of Interest Functions
+## Moran's I - Spatial Autocorrelation
+
+Note: these functions are replacing the functions in the _Areas of Interest_ family (still documented below). `CDB_MoransILocal` and `CDB_MoransILocalRate` perform the same analysis as their `CDB_AreasOfInterest*` counterparts but return spatial lag information, which is needed for creating the Moran's I scatter plot. It recommended to use the `CDB_MoransILocal*` variants instead as they will be maintained and improved going foward.
 
 A family of analyses to uncover groupings of areas with consistently high or low values (clusters) and smaller areas with values unlike those around them (outliers). A cluster is labeled by an 'HH' (high value compared to the entire dataset in an area with other high values), or its opposite 'LL'. An outlier is labeled by an 'LH' (low value surrounded by high values) or an 'HL' (the opposite). Each cluster and outlier classification has an associated p-value, a measure of how significant the pattern of highs and lows is compared to a random distribution.
 
@@ -9,7 +11,108 @@ These functions have two forms: local and global. The local versions classify ev
 *   Rows with null values will be omitted from this analysis. To ensure they are added to the analysis, fill the null-valued cells with an appropriate value such as the mean of a column, the mean of the most recent two time steps, or use a `LEFT JOIN` to get null outputs from the analysis.
 *   Input query can only accept tables (datasets) in the users database account. Common table expressions (CTEs) do not work as an input unless specified within the `subquery` argument.
 
-### CDB_AreasOfInterestLocal(subquery text, column_name text)
+### CDB_MoransILocal(subquery text, column_name text)
+
+
+This function classifies your data as being part of a cluster, as an outlier, or not part of a pattern based the significance of a classification. The classification happens through an autocorrelation statistic called Local Moran's I.
+
+#### Arguments
+
+| Name | Type | Description |
+|------|------|-------------|
+| subquery | TEXT | SQL query that exposes the data to be analyzed (e.g., `SELECT * FROM interesting_table`). This query must have the geometry column name `the_geom` and id column name `cartodb_id` unless otherwise specified in the input arguments |
+| column_name | TEXT | Name of column (e.g., should be `'interesting_value'` instead of `interesting_value` without single quotes) used for the analysis. |
+| weight type (optional) | TEXT | Type of weight to use when finding neighbors. Currently available options are 'knn' (default) and 'queen'. Read more about weight types in [PySAL's weights documentation](https://pysal.readthedocs.io/en/v1.11.0/users/tutorials/weights.html). |
+| num_ngbrs (optional) | INT | Number of neighbors if using k-nearest neighbors weight type. Defaults to 5. |
+| permutations (optional) | INT | Number of permutations to check against a random arrangement of the values in `column_name`. This influences the accuracy of the output field `significance`. Defaults to 99. |
+| geom_col (optional) | TEXT | The column name for the geometries. Defaults to `'the_geom'` |
+| id_col (optional) | TEXT | The column name for the unique ID of each geometry/value pair. Defaults to `'cartodb_id'`. |
+
+#### Returns
+
+A table with the following columns.
+
+| Column Name | Type | Description |
+|-------------|------|-------------|
+| quads | TEXT | Classification of geometry. Result is one of 'HH' (a high value with neighbors high on average), 'LL' (opposite of 'HH'), 'HL' (a high value surrounded by lows on average), and 'LH' (opposite of 'HL'). Null values are returned when nulls exist in the original data. |
+| significance | NUMERIC | The statistical significance (from 0 to 1) of a cluster or outlier classification. Lower numbers are more significant. |
+| spatial\_lag | NUMERIC | The 'average' of the neighbors of the value in this row. The average is calculated from it's neighborhood -- defined by `weight_type`. |
+| spatial\_lag\_std | NUMERIC | The standardized version of `spatial_lag` -- that is, centered on the mean and divided by the standard deviation. Useful as the y-axis in a Moran's I scatter plot. |
+| orig\_val | NUMERIC | Values from `column_name`. |
+| orig\_val\_std | NUMERIC | Values from `column_name` but centered on the mean and divided by the standard devation. Useful as the x-axis in Moran's I scatter plots. |
+| moran\_stat | NUMERIC | Value of Moran's I (spatial autocorrelation measure) for the geometry with id of `rowid` |
+| rowid | INT | Row id of the values which correspond to the input rows. |
+
+
+
+#### Example Usage
+
+```sql
+SELECT
+  c.the_geom,
+  m.quads,
+  m.significance,
+  c.num_cyclists_per_total_population
+FROM
+  cdb_crankshaft.CDB_MoransILocal(
+    'SELECT * FROM commute_data'
+    'num_cyclists_per_total_population') As m
+JOIN commute_data As c
+ON c.cartodb_id = m.rowid;
+```
+
+
+### CDB_MoransILocalRate(subquery text, numerator text, denominator text)
+
+Just like `CDB_MoransILocal`, this function classifies your data as being part of a cluster, as an outlier, or not part of a pattern based the significance of a classification. This function differs in that it calculates the classifications based on input `numerator` and `denominator` columns for finding the areas where there are clusters and outliers for the resulting rate of those two values.
+
+#### Arguments
+
+| Name | Type | Description |
+|------|------|-------------|
+| subquery | TEXT | SQL query that exposes the data to be analyzed (e.g., `SELECT * FROM interesting_table`). This query must have the geometry column name `the_geom` and id column name `cartodb_id` unless otherwise specified in the input arguments |
+| numerator | TEXT | Name of the numerator for forming a rate to be used in analysis. |
+| denominator | TEXT | Name of the denominator for forming a rate to be used in analysis. |
+| weight type (optional) | TEXT | Type of weight to use when finding neighbors. Currently available options are 'knn' (default) and 'queen'. Read more about weight types in [PySAL's weights documentation](https://pysal.readthedocs.io/en/v1.11.0/users/tutorials/weights.html). |
+| num_ngbrs (optional) | INT | Number of neighbors if using k-nearest neighbors weight type. Defaults to 5. |
+| permutations (optional) | INT | Number of permutations to check against a random arrangement of the values in `column_name`. This influences the accuracy of the output field `significance`. Defaults to 99. |
+| geom_col (optional) | TEXT | The column name for the geometries. Defaults to `the_geom` |
+| id_col (optional) | TEXT | The column name for the unique ID of each geometry/value pair. Defaults to `cartodb_id`. |
+
+#### Returns
+
+A table with the following columns.
+
+| Column Name | Type | Description |
+|-------------|------|-------------|
+| quads | TEXT | Classification of geometry. Result is one of 'HH' (a high value with neighbors high on average), 'LL' (opposite of 'HH'), 'HL' (a high value surrounded by lows on average), and 'LH' (opposite of 'HL'). Null values are returned when nulls exist in the original data. |
+| significance | NUMERIC | The statistical significance (from 0 to 1) of a cluster or outlier classification. Lower numbers are more significant. |
+| spatial\_lag | NUMERIC | The 'average' of the neighbors of the value in this row. The average is calculated from it's neighborhood -- defined by `weight_type`. |
+| spatial\_lag\_std | NUMERIC | The standardized version of `spatial_lag` -- that is, centered on the mean and divided by the standard deviation. |
+| orig\_val | NUMERIC | Standardized rate (centered on the mean and normalized by the standard deviation) calculated from `numerator` and `denominator`. This is calculated by [Assuncao Rate](http://pysal.readthedocs.io/en/latest/library/esda/smoothing.html?highlight=assuncao#pysal.esda.smoothing.assuncao_rate) in the PySAL library. |
+| orig\_val\_std | NUMERIC | Values from `column_name` but centered on the mean and divided by the standard devation. Useful as the x-axis in Moran's I scatter plots. |
+| moran\_stat | NUMERIC | Value of Moran's I (spatial autocorrelation measure) for the geometry with id of `rowid` |
+| rowid | INT | Row id of the values which correspond to the input rows. |
+A table with the following columns. |
+
+#### Example Usage
+
+```sql
+SELECT
+  c.the_geom,
+  m.quads,
+  m.significance,
+  c.cyclists_per_total_population
+FROM
+    cdb_crankshaft.CDB_MoransILocalRate(
+        'SELECT * FROM commute_data'
+        'num_cyclists',
+        'total_population') As m
+JOIN commute_data As c
+ON c.cartodb_id = m.rowid;
+```
+
+### CDB_AreasOfInterestLocal(subquery text, column_name text) (deprecated)
 
 This function classifies your data as being part of a cluster, as an outlier, or not part of a pattern based the significance of a classification. The classification happens through an autocorrelation statistic called Local Moran's I.
 
@@ -55,7 +158,7 @@ JOIN commute_data As c
 ON c.cartodb_id = aoi.rowid;
 ```
 
-### CDB_AreasOfInterestGlobal(subquery text, column_name text)
+### CDB_AreasOfInterestGlobal(subquery text, column_name text) (deprecated)
 
 This function identifies the extent to which geometries cluster (the groupings of geometries with similarly high or low values relative to the mean) or form outliers (areas where geometries have values opposite of their neighbors). The output of this function gives values between -1 and 1 as well as a significance of that classification. Values close to 0 mean that there is little to no distribution of values as compared to what one would see in a randomly distributed collection of geometries and values.
 
@@ -91,7 +194,7 @@ FROM
         'num_cyclists_per_total_population')
 ```
 
-### CDB_AreasOfInterestLocalRate(subquery text, numerator_column text, denominator_column text)
+### CDB_AreasOfInterestLocalRate(subquery text, numerator_column text, denominator_column text) (deprecated)
 
 Just like `CDB_AreasOfInterestLocal`, this function classifies your data as being part of a cluster, as an outlier, or not part of a pattern based the significance of a classification. This function differs in that it calculates the classifications based on input `numerator` and `denominator` columns for finding the areas where there are clusters and outliers for the resulting rate of those two values.
 
@@ -138,7 +241,7 @@ JOIN commute_data As c
 ON c.cartodb_id = aoi.rowid;
 ```
 
-### CDB_AreasOfInterestGlobalRate(subquery text, column_name text)
+### CDB_AreasOfInterestGlobalRate(subquery text, column_name text) (deprecated)
 
 This function identifies the extent to which geometries cluster (the groupings of geometries with similarly high or low values relative to the mean) or form outliers (areas where geometries have values opposite of their neighbors). The output of this function gives values between -1 and 1 as well as a significance of that classification. Values close to 0 mean that there is little to no distribution of values as compared to what one would see in a randomly distributed collection of geometries and values.
 
@@ -178,7 +281,7 @@ FROM
 
 ## Hotspot, Coldspot, and Outlier Functions
 
-These functions are convenience functions for extracting only information that you are interested in exposing based on the outputs of the `CDB_AreasOfInterest` functions. For instance, you can use `CDB_GetSpatialHotspots` to output only the classifications of `HH` and `HL`.
+These functions are convenience functions for extracting only information that you are interested in exposing based on the outputs of the `CDB_MoransI*` functions. For instance, you can use `CDB_GetSpatialHotspots` to output only the classifications of `HH` and `HL`.
 
 ### Non-rate functions
 

release/crankshaft.control

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 comment = 'CartoDB Spatial Analysis extension'
-default_version = '0.6.1'
+default_version = '0.8.1'
 requires = 'plpythonu, postgis'
 superuser = true
 schema = cdb_crankshaft

release/python/0.7.0/crankshaft/crankshaft/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+"""Import all modules"""
+import crankshaft.random_seeds
+import crankshaft.clustering
+import crankshaft.space_time_dynamics
+import crankshaft.segmentation
+import crankshaft.regression
+import analysis_data_provider

release/python/0.7.0/crankshaft/crankshaft/analysis_data_provider.py

@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+"""class for fetching data"""
+import plpy
+import pysal_utils as pu
+
+NULL_VALUE_ERROR = ('No usable data passed to analysis. Check your input rows '
+                    'for null values and fill in appropriately.')
+
+
+def verify_data(func):
+    """decorator to verify data result before returning to algorithm"""
+    def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
+        """Error checking"""
+        try:
+            data = func(*args, **kwargs)
+            if not data:
+                plpy.error(NULL_VALUE_ERROR)
+            else:
+                return data
+        except Exception as err:
+            plpy.error('Analysis failed: {}'.format(err))
+
+        return []
+
+    return wrapper
+
+
+class AnalysisDataProvider(object):
+    @verify_data
+    def get_getis(self, w_type, params):
+        """fetch data for getis ord's g"""
+        query = pu.construct_neighbor_query(w_type, params)
+        return plpy.execute(query)
+
+    @verify_data
+    def get_markov(self, w_type, params):
+        """fetch data for spatial markov"""
+        query = pu.construct_neighbor_query(w_type, params)
+        return plpy.execute(query)
+
+    @verify_data
+    def get_moran(self, w_type, params):
+        """fetch data for moran's i analyses"""
+        query = pu.construct_neighbor_query(w_type, params)
+        return plpy.execute(query)
+
+    @verify_data
+    def get_nonspatial_kmeans(self, params):
+        """
+            Fetch data for non-spatial k-means.
+
+            Inputs - a dict (params) with the following keys:
+                colnames: a (text) list of column names (e.g.,
+                          `['andy', 'cookie']`)
+                id_col: the name of the id column (e.g., `'cartodb_id'`)
+                subquery: the subquery for exposing the data (e.g.,
+                          SELECT * FROM favorite_things)
+            Output:
+                A SQL query for packaging the data for consumption within
+                `KMeans().nonspatial`. Format will be a list of length one,
+                with the first element a dict with keys ('rowid', 'attr1',
+                'attr2', ...)
+        """
+        agg_cols = ', '.join([
+            'array_agg({0}) As arr_col{1}'.format(val, idx+1)
+            for idx, val in enumerate(params['colnames'])
+        ])
+        query = '''
+            SELECT {cols}, array_agg({id_col}) As rowid
+            FROM ({subquery}) As a
+        '''.format(subquery=params['subquery'],
+                   id_col=params['id_col'],
+                   cols=agg_cols).strip()
+        return plpy.execute(query)
+
+    @verify_data
+    def get_spatial_kmeans(self, params):
+        """fetch data for spatial kmeans"""
+        query = '''
+                SELECT
+                  array_agg("{id_col}" ORDER BY "{id_col}") as ids,
+                  array_agg(ST_X("{geom_col}") ORDER BY "{id_col}") As xs,
+                  array_agg(ST_Y("{geom_col}") ORDER BY "{id_col}") As ys
+                FROM ({subquery}) As a
+                WHERE "{geom_col}" IS NOT NULL
+                '''.format(**params)
+        return plpy.execute(query)
+
+    @verify_data
+    def get_gwr(self, params):
+        """fetch data for gwr analysis"""
+        query = pu.gwr_query(params)
+        return plpy.execute(query)
+
+    @verify_data
+    def get_gwr_predict(self, params):
+        """fetch data for gwr predict"""
+        query = pu.gwr_predict_query(params)
+        return plpy.execute(query)

release/python/0.7.0/crankshaft/crankshaft/clustering/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+"""Import all functions from for clustering"""
+from moran import *
+from kmeans import *
+from getis import *

release/python/0.7.0/crankshaft/crankshaft/clustering/getis.py

@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+"""
+Getis-Ord's G geostatistics (hotspot/coldspot analysis)
+"""
+
+import pysal as ps
+from collections import OrderedDict
+
+# crankshaft modules
+import crankshaft.pysal_utils as pu
+from crankshaft.analysis_data_provider import AnalysisDataProvider
+
+# High level interface ---------------------------------------
+
+
+class Getis(object):
+    def __init__(self, data_provider=None):
+        if data_provider is None:
+            self.data_provider = AnalysisDataProvider()
+        else:
+            self.data_provider = data_provider
+
+    def getis_ord(self, subquery, attr,
+                  w_type, num_ngbrs, permutations, geom_col, id_col):
+        """
+        Getis-Ord's G*
+        Implementation building neighbors with a PostGIS database and PySAL's
+          Getis-Ord's G* hotspot/coldspot module.
+        Andy Eschbacher
+        """
+
+        # geometries with attributes that are null are ignored
+        # resulting in a collection of not as near neighbors if kNN is chosen
+
+        params = OrderedDict([("id_col", id_col),
+                              ("attr1", attr),
+                              ("geom_col", geom_col),
+                              ("subquery", subquery),
+                              ("num_ngbrs", num_ngbrs)])
+
+        result = self.data_provider.get_getis(w_type, params)
+        attr_vals = pu.get_attributes(result)
+
+        # build PySAL weight object
+        weight = pu.get_weight(result, w_type, num_ngbrs)
+
+        # calculate Getis-Ord's G* z- and p-values
+        getis = ps.esda.getisord.G_Local(attr_vals, weight,
+                                         star=True, permutations=permutations)
+
+        return zip(getis.z_sim, getis.p_sim, getis.p_z_sim, weight.id_order)

release/python/0.7.0/crankshaft/crankshaft/clustering/kmeans.py

@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+from sklearn.cluster import KMeans
+import numpy as np
+
+from crankshaft.analysis_data_provider import AnalysisDataProvider
+
+
+class Kmeans(object):
+    def __init__(self, data_provider=None):
+        if data_provider is None:
+            self.data_provider = AnalysisDataProvider()
+        else:
+            self.data_provider = data_provider
+
+    def spatial(self, query, no_clusters, no_init=20):
+        """
+            find centers based on clusters of latitude/longitude pairs
+            query: SQL query that has a WGS84 geometry (the_geom)
+        """
+        params = {"subquery": query,
+                  "geom_col": "the_geom",
+                  "id_col": "cartodb_id"}
+
+        result = self.data_provider.get_spatial_kmeans(params)
+
+        # Unpack query response
+        xs = result[0]['xs']
+        ys = result[0]['ys']
+        ids = result[0]['ids']
+
+        km = KMeans(n_clusters=no_clusters, n_init=no_init)
+        labels = km.fit_predict(zip(xs, ys))
+        return zip(ids, labels)
+
+    def nonspatial(self, subquery, colnames, no_clusters=5,
+                   standardize=True, id_col='cartodb_id'):
+        """
+        Arguments:
+            query (string): A SQL query to retrieve the data required to do the
+                            k-means clustering analysis, like so:
+                            SELECT * FROM iris_flower_data
+            colnames (list): a list of the column names which contain the data
+                             of interest, like so: ['sepal_width',
+                                                    'petal_width',
+                                                    'sepal_length',
+                                                    'petal_length']
+            no_clusters (int): number of clusters (greater than zero)
+            id_col (string): name of the input id_column
+
+        Returns:
+            A list of tuples with the following columns:
+            cluster labels: a label for the cluster that the row belongs to
+            centers: center of the cluster that this row belongs to
+            silhouettes: silhouette measure for this value
+            rowid: row that these values belong to (corresponds to the value in
+                   `id_col`)
+        """
+        import json
+        from sklearn import metrics
+
+        params = {
+            "colnames": colnames,
+            "subquery": subquery,
+            "id_col": id_col
+        }
+
+        data = self.data_provider.get_nonspatial_kmeans(params)
+
+        # fill array with values for k-means clustering
+        if standardize:
+            cluster_columns = _scale_data(
+              _extract_columns(data))
+        else:
+            cluster_columns = _extract_columns(data)
+
+        kmeans = KMeans(n_clusters=no_clusters,
+                        random_state=0).fit(cluster_columns)
+
+        centers = [json.dumps(dict(zip(colnames, c)))
+                   for c in kmeans.cluster_centers_[kmeans.labels_]]
+
+        silhouettes = metrics.silhouette_samples(cluster_columns,
+                                                 kmeans.labels_,
+                                                 metric='sqeuclidean')
+
+        return zip(kmeans.labels_,
+                   centers,
+                   silhouettes,
+                   [kmeans.inertia_] * kmeans.labels_.shape[0],
+                   data[0]['rowid'])
+
+
+# -- Preprocessing steps
+
+def _extract_columns(data):
+    """
+        Extract the features from the query and pack them into a NumPy array
+        data (list of dicts): result of the kmeans request
+    """
+    # number of columns minus rowid column
+    n_cols = len(data[0]) - 1
+    return np.array([data[0]['arr_col{0}'.format(i+1)]
+                     for i in xrange(n_cols)],
+                    dtype=float).T
+
+
+def _scale_data(features):
+    """
+        Scale all input columns to center on 0 with a standard devation of 1
+        features (numpy matrix): features of dimension (n_features, n_samples)
+    """
+    from sklearn.preprocessing import StandardScaler
+    scaler = StandardScaler()
+    return scaler.fit_transform(features)

release/python/0.7.0/crankshaft/crankshaft/clustering/moran.py

@@ -0,0 +1,208 @@
+"""
+Moran's I geostatistics (global clustering & outliers presence)
+"""
+
+# TODO: Fill in local neighbors which have null/NoneType values with the
+#       average of the their neighborhood
+
+import pysal as ps
+from collections import OrderedDict
+from crankshaft.analysis_data_provider import AnalysisDataProvider
+
+# crankshaft module
+import crankshaft.pysal_utils as pu
+
+# High level interface ---------------------------------------
+
+
+class Moran(object):
+    def __init__(self, data_provider=None):
+        if data_provider is None:
+            self.data_provider = AnalysisDataProvider()
+        else:
+            self.data_provider = data_provider
+
+    def global_stat(self, subquery, attr_name,
+                    w_type, num_ngbrs, permutations, geom_col, id_col):
+        """
+        Moran's I (global)
+        Implementation building neighbors with a PostGIS database and Moran's I
+         core clusters with PySAL.
+        Andy Eschbacher
+        """
+        params = OrderedDict([("id_col", id_col),
+                              ("attr1", attr_name),
+                              ("geom_col", geom_col),
+                              ("subquery", subquery),
+                              ("num_ngbrs", num_ngbrs)])
+
+        result = self.data_provider.get_moran(w_type, params)
+
+        # collect attributes
+        attr_vals = pu.get_attributes(result)
+
+        # calculate weights
+        weight = pu.get_weight(result, w_type, num_ngbrs)
+
+        # calculate moran global
+        moran_global = ps.esda.moran.Moran(attr_vals, weight,
+                                           permutations=permutations)
+
+        return zip([moran_global.I], [moran_global.EI])
+
+    def local_stat(self, subquery, attr,
+                   w_type, num_ngbrs, permutations, geom_col, id_col):
+        """
+        Moran's I implementation for PL/Python
+        Andy Eschbacher
+        """
+
+        # geometries with attributes that are null are ignored
+        # resulting in a collection of not as near neighbors
+
+        params = OrderedDict([("id_col", id_col),
+                              ("attr1", attr),
+                              ("geom_col", geom_col),
+                              ("subquery", subquery),
+                              ("num_ngbrs", num_ngbrs)])
+
+        result = self.data_provider.get_moran(w_type, params)
+
+        attr_vals = pu.get_attributes(result)
+        weight = pu.get_weight(result, w_type, num_ngbrs)
+
+        # calculate LISA values
+        lisa = ps.esda.moran.Moran_Local(attr_vals, weight,
+                                         permutations=permutations)
+
+        # find quadrants for each geometry
+        quads = quad_position(lisa.q)
+
+        return zip(lisa.Is, quads, lisa.p_sim, weight.id_order, lisa.y)
+
+    def global_rate_stat(self, subquery, numerator, denominator,
+                         w_type, num_ngbrs, permutations, geom_col, id_col):
+        """
+        Moran's I Rate (global)
+        Andy Eschbacher
+        """
+        params = OrderedDict([("id_col", id_col),
+                              ("attr1", numerator),
+                              ("attr2", denominator),
+                              ("geom_col", geom_col),
+                              ("subquery", subquery),
+                              ("num_ngbrs", num_ngbrs)])
+
+        result = self.data_provider.get_moran(w_type, params)
+
+        # collect attributes
+        numer = pu.get_attributes(result, 1)
+        denom = pu.get_attributes(result, 2)
+
+        weight = pu.get_weight(result, w_type, num_ngbrs)
+
+        # calculate moran global rate
+        lisa_rate = ps.esda.moran.Moran_Rate(numer, denom, weight,
+                                             permutations=permutations)
+
+        return zip([lisa_rate.I], [lisa_rate.EI])
+
+    def local_rate_stat(self, subquery, numerator, denominator,
+                        w_type, num_ngbrs, permutations, geom_col, id_col):
+        """
+            Moran's I Local Rate
+            Andy Eschbacher
+        """
+        # geometries with values that are null are ignored
+        # resulting in a collection of not as near neighbors
+
+        params = OrderedDict([("id_col", id_col),
+                              ("numerator", numerator),
+                              ("denominator", denominator),
+                              ("geom_col", geom_col),
+                              ("subquery", subquery),
+                              ("num_ngbrs", num_ngbrs)])
+
+        result = self.data_provider.get_moran(w_type, params)
+
+        # collect attributes
+        numer = pu.get_attributes(result, 1)
+        denom = pu.get_attributes(result, 2)
+
+        weight = pu.get_weight(result, w_type, num_ngbrs)
+
+        # calculate LISA values
+        lisa = ps.esda.moran.Moran_Local_Rate(numer, denom, weight,
+                                              permutations=permutations)
+
+        # find quadrants for each geometry
+        quads = quad_position(lisa.q)
+
+        return zip(lisa.Is, quads, lisa.p_sim, weight.id_order, lisa.y)
+
+    def local_bivariate_stat(self, subquery, attr1, attr2,
+                             permutations, geom_col, id_col,
+                             w_type, num_ngbrs):
+        """
+            Moran's I (local) Bivariate (untested)
+        """
+
+        params = OrderedDict([("id_col", id_col),
+                              ("attr1", attr1),
+                              ("attr2", attr2),
+                              ("geom_col", geom_col),
+                              ("subquery", subquery),
+                              ("num_ngbrs", num_ngbrs)])
+
+        result = self.data_provider.get_moran(w_type, params)
+
+        # collect attributes
+        attr1_vals = pu.get_attributes(result, 1)
+        attr2_vals = pu.get_attributes(result, 2)
+
+        # create weights
+        weight = pu.get_weight(result, w_type, num_ngbrs)
+
+        # calculate LISA values
+        lisa = ps.esda.moran.Moran_Local_BV(attr1_vals, attr2_vals, weight,
+                                            permutations=permutations)
+
+        # find clustering of significance
+        lisa_sig = quad_position(lisa.q)
+
+        return zip(lisa.Is, lisa_sig, lisa.p_sim, weight.id_order)
+
+# Low level functions ----------------------------------------
+
+
+def map_quads(coord):
+    """
+        Map a quadrant number to Moran's I designation
+        HH=1, LH=2, LL=3, HL=4
+        Input:
+        @param coord (int): quadrant of a specific measurement
+        Output:
+            classification (one of 'HH', 'LH', 'LL', or 'HL')
+    """
+    if coord == 1:
+        return 'HH'
+    elif coord == 2:
+        return 'LH'
+    elif coord == 3:
+        return 'LL'
+    elif coord == 4:
+        return 'HL'
+    else:
+        return None
+
+
+def quad_position(quads):
+    """
+        Produce Moran's I classification based of n
+        Input:
+        @param quads ndarray: an array of quads classified by
+          1-4 (PySAL default)
+        Output:
+        @param list: an array of quads classied by 'HH', 'LL', etc.
+    """
+    return [map_quads(q) for q in quads]

release/python/0.7.0/crankshaft/crankshaft/pysal_utils/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+"""Import all functions for pysal_utils"""
+from crankshaft.pysal_utils.pysal_utils import *

release/python/0.7.0/crankshaft/crankshaft/pysal_utils/pysal_utils.py

@@ -0,0 +1,251 @@
+"""
+    Utilities module for generic PySAL functionality, mainly centered on
+      translating queries into numpy arrays or PySAL weights objects
+"""
+
+import numpy as np
+import pysal as ps
+
+
+def construct_neighbor_query(w_type, query_vals):
+    """Return query (a string) used for finding neighbors
+        @param w_type text: type of neighbors to calculate ('knn' or 'queen')
+        @param query_vals dict: values used to construct the query
+    """
+
+    if w_type.lower() == 'knn':
+        return knn(query_vals)
+    else:
+        return queen(query_vals)
+
+
+# Build weight object
+def get_weight(query_res, w_type='knn', num_ngbrs=5):
+    """
+        Construct PySAL weight from return value of query
+        @param query_res dict-like: query results with attributes and neighbors
+    """
+
+    neighbors = {x['id']: x['neighbors'] for x in query_res}
+    print 'len of neighbors: %d' % len(neighbors)
+
+    built_weight = ps.W(neighbors)
+    built_weight.transform = 'r'
+
+    return built_weight
+
+
+def query_attr_select(params, table_ref=True):
+    """
+        Create portion of SELECT statement for attributes inolved in query.
+        Defaults to order in the params
+        @param params: dict of information used in query (column names,
+                       table name, etc.)
+            Example:
+            OrderedDict([('numerator', 'price'),
+                         ('denominator', 'sq_meters'),
+                         ('subquery', 'SELECT * FROM interesting_data')])
+        Output:
+          "i.\"price\"::numeric As attr1, " \
+          "i.\"sq_meters\"::numeric As attr2, "
+    """
+
+    attr_string = ""
+    template = "\"%(col)s\"::numeric As attr%(alias_num)s, "
+
+    if table_ref:
+        template = "i." + template
+
+    if ('time_cols' in params) or ('ind_vars' in params):
+        # if markov or gwr analysis
+        attrs = (params['time_cols'] if 'time_cols' in params
+                 else params['ind_vars'])
+        if 'ind_vars' in params:
+            template = "array_agg(\"%(col)s\"::numeric) As attr%(alias_num)s, "
+
+        for idx, val in enumerate(attrs):
+            attr_string += template % {"col": val, "alias_num": idx + 1}
+    else:
+        # if moran's analysis
+        attrs = [k for k in params
+                 if k not in ('id_col', 'geom_col', 'subquery',
+                              'num_ngbrs', 'subquery')]
+
+        for idx, val in enumerate(attrs):
+            attr_string += template % {"col": params[val],
+                                       "alias_num": idx + 1}
+
+    return attr_string
+
+
+def query_attr_where(params, table_ref=True):
+    """
+      Construct where conditions when building neighbors query
+        Create portion of WHERE clauses for weeding out NULL-valued geometries
+        Input: dict of params:
+            {'subquery': ...,
+             'numerator': 'data1',
+             'denominator': 'data2',
+             '': ...}
+        Output:
+          'idx_replace."data1" IS NOT NULL AND idx_replace."data2" IS NOT NULL'
+        Input:
+        {'subquery': ...,
+         'time_cols': ['time1', 'time2', 'time3'],
+         'etc': ...}
+        Output: 'idx_replace."time1" IS NOT NULL AND idx_replace."time2" IS NOT
+          NULL AND idx_replace."time3" IS NOT NULL'
+    """
+    attr_string = []
+    template = "\"%s\" IS NOT NULL"
+    if table_ref:
+        template = "idx_replace." + template
+
+    if ('time_cols' in params) or ('ind_vars' in params):
+        # markov or gwr where clauses
+        attrs = (params['time_cols'] if 'time_cols' in params
+                 else params['ind_vars'])
+        # add values to template
+        for attr in attrs:
+            attr_string.append(template % attr)
+    else:
+        # moran where clauses
+
+        # get keys
+        attrs = [k for k in params
+                 if k not in ('id_col', 'geom_col', 'subquery',
+                              'num_ngbrs', 'subquery')]
+
+        # add values to template
+        for attr in attrs:
+            attr_string.append(template % params[attr])
+
+        if 'denominator' in attrs:
+            attr_string.append(
+              "idx_replace.\"%s\" <> 0" % params['denominator'])
+
+    out = " AND ".join(attr_string)
+
+    return out
+
+
+def knn(params):
+    """SQL query for k-nearest neighbors.
+        @param vars: dict of values to fill template
+    """
+
+    attr_select = query_attr_select(params, table_ref=True)
+    attr_where = query_attr_where(params, table_ref=True)
+
+    replacements = {"attr_select": attr_select,
+                    "attr_where_i": attr_where.replace("idx_replace", "i"),
+                    "attr_where_j": attr_where.replace("idx_replace", "j")}
+
+    query = '''
+            SELECT
+              i."{id_col}" As id,
+              %(attr_select)s
+              (SELECT ARRAY(SELECT j."{id_col}"
+                FROM ({subquery}) As j
+                WHERE i."{id_col}" <> j."{id_col}" AND
+                      %(attr_where_j)s AND
+                      j."{geom_col}" IS NOT NULL
+                ORDER BY j."{geom_col}" <-> i."{geom_col}" ASC
+                LIMIT {num_ngbrs})) As neighbors
+             FROM ({subquery}) As i
+            WHERE %(attr_where_i)s AND i."{geom_col}" IS NOT NULL
+            ORDER BY i."{id_col}" ASC;
+            ''' % replacements
+
+    return query.format(**params)
+
+
+# SQL query for finding queens neighbors (all contiguous polygons)
+def queen(params):
+    """SQL query for queen neighbors.
+        @param params dict: information to fill query
+    """
+    attr_select = query_attr_select(params)
+    attr_where = query_attr_where(params)
+
+    replacements = {"attr_select": attr_select,
+                    "attr_where_i": attr_where.replace("idx_replace", "i"),
+                    "attr_where_j": attr_where.replace("idx_replace", "j")}
+
+    query = '''
+            SELECT
+              i."{id_col}" As id,
+              %(attr_select)s
+              (SELECT ARRAY(SELECT j."{id_col}"
+                 FROM ({subquery}) As j
+                WHERE i."{id_col}" <> j."{id_col}" AND
+                      ST_Touches(i."{geom_col}", j."{geom_col}") AND
+                      %(attr_where_j)s)) As neighbors
+            FROM ({subquery}) As i
+            WHERE
+                %(attr_where_i)s
+            ORDER BY i."{id_col}" ASC;
+            ''' % replacements
+
+    return query.format(**params)
+
+
+def gwr_query(params):
+    """
+    GWR query
+    """
+
+    replacements = {"ind_vars_select": query_attr_select(params,
+                                                         table_ref=None),
+                    "ind_vars_where": query_attr_where(params,
+                                                       table_ref=None)}
+
+    query = '''
+      SELECT
+        array_agg(ST_X(ST_Centroid("{geom_col}"))) As x,
+        array_agg(ST_Y(ST_Centroid("{geom_col}"))) As y,
+        array_agg("{dep_var}") As dep_var,
+        %(ind_vars_select)s
+        array_agg("{id_col}") As rowid
+      FROM ({subquery}) As q
+      WHERE
+        "{dep_var}" IS NOT NULL AND
+        %(ind_vars_where)s
+        ''' % replacements
+
+    return query.format(**params).strip()
+
+
+def gwr_predict_query(params):
+    """
+    GWR query
+    """
+
+    replacements = {"ind_vars_select": query_attr_select(params,
+                                                         table_ref=None),
+                    "ind_vars_where": query_attr_where(params,
+                                                       table_ref=None)}
+
+    query = '''
+      SELECT
+        array_agg(ST_X(ST_Centroid({geom_col}))) As x,
+        array_agg(ST_Y(ST_Centroid({geom_col}))) As y,
+        array_agg({dep_var}) As dep_var,
+        %(ind_vars_select)s
+        array_agg({id_col}) As rowid
+      FROM ({subquery}) As q
+      WHERE
+        %(ind_vars_where)s
+        ''' % replacements
+
+    return query.format(**params).strip()
+# to add more weight methods open a ticket or pull request
+
+
+def get_attributes(query_res, attr_num=1):
+    """
+        @param query_res: query results with attributes and neighbors
+        @param attr_num: attribute number (1, 2, ...)
+    """
+    return np.array([x['attr' + str(attr_num)] for x in query_res],
+                    dtype=np.float)

release/python/0.7.0/crankshaft/crankshaft/random_seeds.py

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+"""Random seed generator used for non-deterministic functions in crankshaft"""
+import random
+import numpy
+
+
+def set_random_seeds(value):
+    """
+    Set the seeds of the RNGs (Random Number Generators)
+    used internally.
+    """
+    random.seed(value)
+    numpy.random.seed(value)

release/python/0.7.0/crankshaft/crankshaft/regression/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+from crankshaft.regression.gwr import *
+from crankshaft.regression.glm import *
+from crankshaft.regression.gwr_cs import *

release/python/0.7.0/crankshaft/crankshaft/regression/glm/GLM_validate_estimation.ipynb

@@ -0,0 +1,444 @@
+{
+ "cells": [
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 1,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "#Import GLM and pysal\n",
+    "import os\n",
+    "import numpy as np\n",
+    "os.chdir('/Users/toshan/dev/pysal/pysal/contrib/glm')\n",
+    "from glm import GLM\n",
+    "import pysal\n",
+    "import pandas as pd\n",
+    "import statsmodels.formula.api as smf\n",
+    "import statsmodels.api as sm\n",
+    "from family import Gaussian, Binomial, Poisson, QuasiPoisson\n",
+    "\n",
+    "from statsmodels.api import families"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 2,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "#Prepare some test data - columbus example\n",
+    "db = pysal.open(pysal.examples.get_path('columbus.dbf'),'r')\n",
+    "y = np.array(db.by_col(\"HOVAL\"))\n",
+    "y = np.reshape(y, (49,1))\n",
+    "X = []\n",
+    "#X.append(np.ones(len(y)))\n",
+    "X.append(db.by_col(\"INC\"))\n",
+    "X.append(db.by_col(\"CRIME\"))\n",
+    "X = np.array(X).T"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 3,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "[[ 46.42818268]\n",
+      " [  0.62898397]\n",
+      " [ -0.48488854]]\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "#First fit pysal OLS model\n",
+    "from pysal.spreg import ols\n",
+    "OLS = ols.OLS(y, X)\n",
+    "print OLS.betas"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 4,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false,
+    "scrolled": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "<class 'family.Gaussian'>\n",
+      "<class 'family.Gaussian'>\n",
+      "<class 'family.Gaussian'>\n",
+      "[ 46.42818268   0.62898397  -0.48488854]\n",
+      "[ 46.42818268   0.62898397  -0.48488854]\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "#Then fit Gaussian GLM\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#create Gaussian GLM model object\n",
+    "model = GLM(y, X, Gaussian())\n",
+    "model\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Fit model to estimate coefficients and return GLMResults object\n",
+    "results = model.fit()\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Check coefficients - R betas [46.4282, 0.6290, -0.4849]\n",
+    "print results.params\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Gaussian GLM results from statsmodels\n",
+    "sm_model = smf.GLM(y, sm.add_constant(X), family=families.Gaussian())\n",
+    "sm_results = sm_model.fit()\n",
+    "print sm_results.params"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 5,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "2 2\n",
+      "<class 'family.Gaussian'>\n",
+      "True\n",
+      "True\n",
+      "True\n",
+      "True\n",
+      "True\n",
+      "True\n",
+      "True\n",
+      "True\n",
+      "<class 'family.Gaussian'>\n",
+      "<class 'family.Gaussian'>\n",
+      "<class 'family.Gaussian'>\n",
+      "True\n",
+      "True\n",
+      "True\n",
+      "True\n",
+      "True\n",
+      "True\n",
+      "True\n",
+      "True\n",
+      "True\n",
+      "True\n",
+      "True\n",
+      "True\n",
+      "True\n",
+      "True\n",
+      "True\n",
+      "True\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "print results.df_model, sm_results.df_model\n",
+    "print np.allclose(results.aic, sm_results.aic)\n",
+    "print np.allclose(results.bic, sm_results.bic)\n",
+    "print np.allclose(results.deviance, sm_results.deviance)\n",
+    "print np.allclose(results.df_model, sm_results.df_model)\n",
+    "print np.allclose(results.df_resid, sm_results.df_resid)\n",
+    "print np.allclose(results.llf, sm_results.llf)\n",
+    "print np.allclose(results.mu, sm_results.mu)\n",
+    "print np.allclose(results.n, sm_results.nobs)\n",
+    "print np.allclose(results.null, sm_results.null)\n",
+    "print np.allclose(results.null_deviance, sm_results.null_deviance)\n",
+    "print np.allclose(results.params, sm_results.params)\n",
+    "print np.allclose(results.pearson_chi2, sm_results.pearson_chi2)\n",
+    "print np.allclose(results.resid_anscombe, sm_results.resid_anscombe)\n",
+    "print np.allclose(results.resid_deviance, sm_results.resid_deviance)\n",
+    "print np.allclose(results.resid_pearson, sm_results.resid_pearson)\n",
+    "print np.allclose(results.resid_response, sm_results.resid_response)\n",
+    "print np.allclose(results.resid_working, sm_results.resid_working)\n",
+    "print np.allclose(results.scale, sm_results.scale)\n",
+    "print np.allclose(results.normalized_cov_params, sm_results.normalized_cov_params)\n",
+    "print np.allclose(results.cov_params(), sm_results.cov_params())\n",
+    "print np.allclose(results.bse, sm_results.bse)\n",
+    "print np.allclose(results.conf_int(), sm_results.conf_int())\n",
+    "print np.allclose(results.pvalues, sm_results.pvalues)\n",
+    "print np.allclose(results.tvalues, sm_results.tvalues)\n"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 6,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "<class 'family.Poisson'>\n",
+      "<class 'family.Poisson'>\n",
+      "<class 'family.Poisson'>\n",
+      "[ 3.92159085  0.01183491 -0.01371397]\n",
+      "[ 3.92159085  0.01183491 -0.01371397]\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "#Now fit a Poisson GLM \n",
+    "\n",
+    "poisson_y = np.round(y).astype(int)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#create Poisson GLM model object\n",
+    "model = GLM(poisson_y, X, Poisson())\n",
+    "model\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Fit model to estimate coefficients and return GLMResults object\n",
+    "results = model.fit()\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Check coefficients - R betas [3.91926, 0.01198, -0.01371]\n",
+    "print results.params.T\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Poisson GLM results from statsmodels\n",
+    "sm_results = smf.GLM(poisson_y, sm.add_constant(X), family=families.Poisson()).fit()\n",
+    "print sm_results.params"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 7,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "<class 'family.Poisson'>\n",
+      "True\n",
+      "True\n",
+      "True\n",
+      "True\n",
+      "True\n",
+      "True\n",
+      "True\n",
+      "True\n",
+      "<class 'family.Poisson'>\n",
+      "<class 'family.Poisson'>\n",
+      "<class 'family.Poisson'>\n",
+      "True\n",
+      "True\n",
+      "True\n",
+      "True\n",
+      "True\n",
+      "True\n",
+      "True\n",
+      "True\n",
+      "True\n",
+      "True\n",
+      "True\n",
+      "True\n",
+      "True\n",
+      "True\n",
+      "True\n",
+      "True\n",
+      "[ 0.13049161  0.00511599  0.00193769] [ 0.13049161  0.00511599  0.00193769]\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "print np.allclose(results.aic, sm_results.aic)\n",
+    "print np.allclose(results.bic, sm_results.bic)\n",
+    "print np.allclose(results.deviance, sm_results.deviance)\n",
+    "print np.allclose(results.df_model, sm_results.df_model)\n",
+    "print np.allclose(results.df_resid, sm_results.df_resid)\n",
+    "print np.allclose(results.llf, sm_results.llf)\n",
+    "print np.allclose(results.mu, sm_results.mu)\n",
+    "print np.allclose(results.n, sm_results.nobs)\n",
+    "print np.allclose(results.null, sm_results.null)\n",
+    "print np.allclose(results.null_deviance, sm_results.null_deviance)\n",
+    "print np.allclose(results.params, sm_results.params)\n",
+    "print np.allclose(results.pearson_chi2, sm_results.pearson_chi2)\n",
+    "print np.allclose(results.resid_anscombe, sm_results.resid_anscombe)\n",
+    "print np.allclose(results.resid_deviance, sm_results.resid_deviance)\n",
+    "print np.allclose(results.resid_pearson, sm_results.resid_pearson)\n",
+    "print np.allclose(results.resid_response, sm_results.resid_response)\n",
+    "print np.allclose(results.resid_working, sm_results.resid_working)\n",
+    "print np.allclose(results.scale, sm_results.scale)\n",
+    "print np.allclose(results.normalized_cov_params, sm_results.normalized_cov_params)\n",
+    "print np.allclose(results.cov_params(), sm_results.cov_params())\n",
+    "print np.allclose(results.bse, sm_results.bse)\n",
+    "print np.allclose(results.conf_int(), sm_results.conf_int())\n",
+    "print np.allclose(results.pvalues, sm_results.pvalues)\n",
+    "print np.allclose(results.tvalues, sm_results.tvalues)\n",
+    "print results.bse, sm_results.bse"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 82,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false,
+    "scrolled": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "[-5.33638276  0.0287754 ]\n",
+      "[-5.33638276  0.0287754 ]\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "#Now fit a binomial GLM\n",
+    "londonhp = pd.read_csv('/Users/toshan/projects/londonhp.csv')\n",
+    "#londonhp = pd.read_csv('/Users/qszhao/Dropbox/pysal/pysal/contrib/gwr/londonhp.csv')\n",
+    "y = londonhp['BATH2'].values\n",
+    "y = np.reshape(y, (316,1))\n",
+    "X = londonhp['FLOORSZ'].values\n",
+    "X = np.reshape(X, (316,1))\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#create logistic GLM model object\n",
+    "model = GLM(y, X, Binomial())\n",
+    "model\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Fit model to estimate coefficients and return GLMResults object\n",
+    "results = model.fit()\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Check coefficients - R betas [-5.33638, 0.02878]\n",
+    "print results.params.T\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Logistic GLM results from statsmodels\n",
+    "sm_results = smf.GLM(y, sm.add_constant(X), family=families.Binomial()).fit()\n",
+    "print sm_results.params"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 76,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "1 1\n",
+      "True\n",
+      "True\n",
+      "True\n",
+      "True\n",
+      "True\n",
+      "True\n",
+      "True\n",
+      "True\n",
+      "True\n",
+      "True\n",
+      "True\n",
+      "True\n",
+      "True\n",
+      "True\n",
+      "True\n",
+      "True\n",
+      "True\n",
+      "True\n",
+      "True\n",
+      "True\n",
+      "True\n",
+      "True\n",
+      "True\n",
+      "True\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "print results.df_model, sm_results.df_model\n",
+    "print np.allclose(results.aic, sm_results.aic)\n",
+    "print np.allclose(results.bic, sm_results.bic)\n",
+    "print np.allclose(results.deviance, sm_results.deviance)\n",
+    "print np.allclose(results.df_model, sm_results.df_model)\n",
+    "print np.allclose(results.df_resid, sm_results.df_resid)\n",
+    "print np.allclose(results.llf, sm_results.llf)\n",
+    "print np.allclose(results.mu, sm_results.mu)\n",
+    "print np.allclose(results.n, sm_results.nobs)\n",
+    "print np.allclose(results.null, sm_results.null)\n",
+    "print np.allclose(results.null_deviance, sm_results.null_deviance)\n",
+    "print np.allclose(results.params, sm_results.params)\n",
+    "print np.allclose(results.pearson_chi2, sm_results.pearson_chi2)\n",
+    "print np.allclose(results.resid_anscombe, sm_results.resid_anscombe)\n",
+    "print np.allclose(results.resid_deviance, sm_results.resid_deviance)\n",
+    "print np.allclose(results.resid_pearson, sm_results.resid_pearson)\n",
+    "print np.allclose(results.resid_response, sm_results.resid_response)\n",
+    "print np.allclose(results.resid_working, sm_results.resid_working)\n",
+    "print np.allclose(results.scale, sm_results.scale)\n",
+    "print np.allclose(results.normalized_cov_params, sm_results.normalized_cov_params)\n",
+    "print np.allclose(results.cov_params(), sm_results.cov_params())\n",
+    "print np.allclose(results.bse, sm_results.bse)\n",
+    "print np.allclose(results.conf_int(), sm_results.conf_int())\n",
+    "print np.allclose(results.pvalues, sm_results.pvalues)\n",
+    "print np.allclose(results.tvalues, sm_results.tvalues)\n"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 10,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "<class 'family.QuasiPoisson'>\n",
+      "<class 'family.QuasiPoisson'>\n",
+      "<class 'family.QuasiPoisson'>\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "#create QUasiPoisson GLM model object\n",
+    "model = GLM(poisson_y, X, QuasiPoisson())\n",
+    "model\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Fit model to estimate coefficients and return GLMResults object\n",
+    "results = model.fit()"
+   ]
+  }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {
+  "kernelspec": {
+   "display_name": "Python 2",
+   "language": "python",
+   "name": "python2"
+  },
+  "language_info": {
+   "codemirror_mode": {
+    "name": "ipython",
+    "version": 2
+   },
+   "file_extension": ".py",
+   "mimetype": "text/x-python",
+   "name": "python",
+   "nbconvert_exporter": "python",
+   "pygments_lexer": "ipython2",
+   "version": "2.7.9"
+  }
+ },
+ "nbformat": 4,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0
+}

release/python/0.7.0/crankshaft/crankshaft/regression/glm/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+import glm
+import family
+import utils
+import iwls

release/python/0.7.0/crankshaft/crankshaft/regression/glm/base.py

@@ -0,0 +1,959 @@
+
+from __future__ import print_function
+import numpy as np
+from scipy import stats
+from utils import cache_readonly
+
+class Results(object):
+    """
+    Class to contain model results
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    model : class instance
+        the previously specified model instance
+    params : array
+        parameter estimates from the fit model
+    """
+    def __init__(self, model, params, **kwd):
+        self.__dict__.update(kwd)
+        self.initialize(model, params, **kwd)
+        self._data_attr = []
+
+    def initialize(self, model, params, **kwd):
+        self.params = params
+        self.model = model
+        if hasattr(model, 'k_constant'):
+            self.k_constant = model.k_constant
+
+    def predict(self, exog=None, transform=True, *args, **kwargs):
+        """
+        Call self.model.predict with self.params as the first argument.
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        exog : array-like, optional
+            The values for which you want to predict.
+        transform : bool, optional
+            If the model was fit via a formula, do you want to pass
+            exog through the formula. Default is True. E.g., if you fit
+            a model y ~ log(x1) + log(x2), and transform is True, then
+            you can pass a data structure that contains x1 and x2 in
+            their original form. Otherwise, you'd need to log the data
+            first.
+        args, kwargs :
+            Some models can take additional arguments or keywords, see the
+            predict method of the model for the details.
+        Returns
+        -------
+        prediction : ndarray or pandas.Series
+            See self.model.predict
+        """
+        if transform and hasattr(self.model, 'formula') and exog is not None:
+            from patsy import dmatrix
+            exog = dmatrix(self.model.data.design_info.builder,
+                           exog)
+
+        if exog is not None:
+            exog = np.asarray(exog)
+            if exog.ndim == 1 and (self.model.exog.ndim == 1 or
+                                   self.model.exog.shape[1] == 1):
+                exog = exog[:, None]
+            exog = np.atleast_2d(exog)  # needed in count model shape[1]
+
+        return self.model.predict(self.params, exog, *args, **kwargs)
+
+
+#TODO: public method?
+class LikelihoodModelResults(Results):
+    """
+    Class to contain results from likelihood models
+    Parameters
+    -----------
+    model : LikelihoodModel instance or subclass instance
+        LikelihoodModelResults holds a reference to the model that is fit.
+    params : 1d array_like
+        parameter estimates from estimated model
+    normalized_cov_params : 2d array
+       Normalized (before scaling) covariance of params. (dot(X.T,X))**-1
+    scale : float
+        For (some subset of models) scale will typically be the
+        mean square error from the estimated model (sigma^2)
+    Returns
+    -------
+    **Attributes**
+    mle_retvals : dict
+        Contains the values returned from the chosen optimization method if
+        full_output is True during the fit.  Available only if the model
+        is fit by maximum likelihood.  See notes below for the output from
+        the different methods.
+    mle_settings : dict
+        Contains the arguments passed to the chosen optimization method.
+        Available if the model is fit by maximum likelihood.  See
+        LikelihoodModel.fit for more information.
+    model : model instance
+        LikelihoodResults contains a reference to the model that is fit.
+    params : ndarray
+        The parameters estimated for the model.
+    scale : float
+        The scaling factor of the model given during instantiation.
+    tvalues : array
+        The t-values of the standard errors.
+    Notes
+    -----
+    The covariance of params is given by scale times normalized_cov_params.
+    Return values by solver if full_output is True during fit:
+        'newton'
+            fopt : float
+                The value of the (negative) loglikelihood at its
+                minimum.
+            iterations : int
+                Number of iterations performed.
+            score : ndarray
+                The score vector at the optimum.
+            Hessian : ndarray
+                The Hessian at the optimum.
+            warnflag : int
+                1 if maxiter is exceeded. 0 if successful convergence.
+            converged : bool
+                True: converged. False: did not converge.
+            allvecs : list
+                List of solutions at each iteration.
+        'nm'
+            fopt : float
+                The value of the (negative) loglikelihood at its
+                minimum.
+            iterations : int
+                Number of iterations performed.
+            warnflag : int
+                1: Maximum number of function evaluations made.
+                2: Maximum number of iterations reached.
+            converged : bool
+                True: converged. False: did not converge.
+            allvecs : list
+                List of solutions at each iteration.
+        'bfgs'
+            fopt : float
+                Value of the (negative) loglikelihood at its minimum.
+            gopt : float
+                Value of gradient at minimum, which should be near 0.
+            Hinv : ndarray
+                value of the inverse Hessian matrix at minimum.  Note
+                that this is just an approximation and will often be
+                different from the value of the analytic Hessian.
+            fcalls : int
+                Number of calls to loglike.
+            gcalls : int
+                Number of calls to gradient/score.
+            warnflag : int
+                1: Maximum number of iterations exceeded. 2: Gradient
+                and/or function calls are not changing.
+            converged : bool
+                True: converged.  False: did not converge.
+            allvecs : list
+                Results at each iteration.
+        'lbfgs'
+            fopt : float
+                Value of the (negative) loglikelihood at its minimum.
+            gopt : float
+                Value of gradient at minimum, which should be near 0.
+            fcalls : int
+                Number of calls to loglike.
+            warnflag : int
+                Warning flag:
+                - 0 if converged
+                - 1 if too many function evaluations or too many iterations
+                - 2 if stopped for another reason
+            converged : bool
+                True: converged.  False: did not converge.
+        'powell'
+            fopt : float
+                Value of the (negative) loglikelihood at its minimum.
+            direc : ndarray
+                Current direction set.
+            iterations : int
+                Number of iterations performed.
+            fcalls : int
+                Number of calls to loglike.
+            warnflag : int
+                1: Maximum number of function evaluations. 2: Maximum number
+                of iterations.
+            converged : bool
+                True : converged. False: did not converge.
+            allvecs : list
+                Results at each iteration.
+        'cg'
+            fopt : float
+                Value of the (negative) loglikelihood at its minimum.
+            fcalls : int
+                Number of calls to loglike.
+            gcalls : int
+                Number of calls to gradient/score.
+            warnflag : int
+                1: Maximum number of iterations exceeded. 2: Gradient and/
+                or function calls not changing.
+            converged : bool
+                True: converged. False: did not converge.
+            allvecs : list
+                Results at each iteration.
+        'ncg'
+            fopt : float
+                Value of the (negative) loglikelihood at its minimum.
+            fcalls : int
+                Number of calls to loglike.
+            gcalls : int
+                Number of calls to gradient/score.
+            hcalls : int
+                Number of calls to hessian.
+            warnflag : int
+                1: Maximum number of iterations exceeded.
+            converged : bool
+                True: converged. False: did not converge.
+            allvecs : list
+                Results at each iteration.
+        """
+
+    # by default we use normal distribution
+    # can be overwritten by instances or subclasses
+    use_t = False
+
+    def __init__(self, model, params, normalized_cov_params=None, scale=1.,
+                 **kwargs):
+        super(LikelihoodModelResults, self).__init__(model, params)
+        self.normalized_cov_params = normalized_cov_params
+        self.scale = scale
+
+        # robust covariance
+        # We put cov_type in kwargs so subclasses can decide in fit whether to
+        # use this generic implementation
+        if 'use_t' in kwargs:
+            use_t = kwargs['use_t']
+            if use_t is not None:
+                self.use_t = use_t
+        if 'cov_type' in kwargs:
+            cov_type = kwargs.get('cov_type', 'nonrobust')
+            cov_kwds = kwargs.get('cov_kwds', {})
+
+            if cov_type == 'nonrobust':
+                self.cov_type = 'nonrobust'
+                self.cov_kwds = {'description' : 'Standard Errors assume that the ' +
+                                 'covariance matrix of the errors is correctly ' +
+                                 'specified.'}
+            else:
+                from statsmodels.base.covtype import get_robustcov_results
+                if cov_kwds is None:
+                    cov_kwds = {}
+                use_t = self.use_t
+                # TODO: we shouldn't need use_t in get_robustcov_results
+                get_robustcov_results(self, cov_type=cov_type, use_self=True,
+                                           use_t=use_t, **cov_kwds)
+
+
+    def normalized_cov_params(self):
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+
+    def _get_robustcov_results(self, cov_type='nonrobust', use_self=True,
+                                   use_t=None, **cov_kwds):
+        from statsmodels.base.covtype import get_robustcov_results
+        if cov_kwds is None:
+            cov_kwds = {}
+
+        if cov_type == 'nonrobust':
+            self.cov_type = 'nonrobust'
+            self.cov_kwds = {'description' : 'Standard Errors assume that the ' +
+                             'covariance matrix of the errors is correctly ' +
+                             'specified.'}
+        else:
+            # TODO: we shouldn't need use_t in get_robustcov_results
+            get_robustcov_results(self, cov_type=cov_type, use_self=True,
+                                       use_t=use_t, **cov_kwds)
+
+    @cache_readonly
+    def llf(self):
+        return self.model.loglike(self.params)
+
+    @cache_readonly
+    def bse(self):
+        return np.sqrt(np.diag(self.cov_params()))
+
+    @cache_readonly
+    def tvalues(self):
+        """
+        Return the t-statistic for a given parameter estimate.
+        """
+        return self.params / self.bse
+
+    @cache_readonly
+    def pvalues(self):
+        if self.use_t:
+            df_resid = getattr(self, 'df_resid_inference', self.df_resid)
+            return stats.t.sf(np.abs(self.tvalues), df_resid)*2
+        else:
+            return stats.norm.sf(np.abs(self.tvalues))*2
+
+
+    def cov_params(self, r_matrix=None, column=None, scale=None, cov_p=None,
+            other=None):
+        """
+        Returns the variance/covariance matrix.
+        The variance/covariance matrix can be of a linear contrast
+        of the estimates of params or all params multiplied by scale which
+        will usually be an estimate of sigma^2.  Scale is assumed to be
+        a scalar.
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        r_matrix : array-like
+            Can be 1d, or 2d.  Can be used alone or with other.
+        column :  array-like, optional
+            Must be used on its own.  Can be 0d or 1d see below.
+        scale : float, optional
+            Can be specified or not.  Default is None, which means that
+            the scale argument is taken from the model.
+        other : array-like, optional
+            Can be used when r_matrix is specified.
+        Returns
+        -------
+        cov : ndarray
+            covariance matrix of the parameter estimates or of linear
+            combination of parameter estimates. See Notes.
+        Notes
+        -----
+        (The below are assumed to be in matrix notation.)
+        If no argument is specified returns the covariance matrix of a model
+        ``(scale)*(X.T X)^(-1)``
+        If contrast is specified it pre and post-multiplies as follows
+        ``(scale) * r_matrix (X.T X)^(-1) r_matrix.T``
+        If contrast and other are specified returns
+        ``(scale) * r_matrix (X.T X)^(-1) other.T``
+        If column is specified returns
+        ``(scale) * (X.T X)^(-1)[column,column]`` if column is 0d
+        OR
+        ``(scale) * (X.T X)^(-1)[column][:,column]`` if column is 1d
+        """
+        if (hasattr(self, 'mle_settings') and
+                self.mle_settings['optimizer'] in ['l1', 'l1_cvxopt_cp']):
+            dot_fun = nan_dot
+        else:
+            dot_fun = np.dot
+
+        if (cov_p is None and self.normalized_cov_params is None and
+            not hasattr(self, 'cov_params_default')):
+            raise ValueError('need covariance of parameters for computing '
+                             '(unnormalized) covariances')
+        if column is not None and (r_matrix is not None or other is not None):
+            raise ValueError('Column should be specified without other '
+                             'arguments.')
+        if other is not None and r_matrix is None:
+            raise ValueError('other can only be specified with r_matrix')
+
+        if cov_p is None:
+            if hasattr(self, 'cov_params_default'):
+                cov_p = self.cov_params_default
+            else:
+                if scale is None:
+                    scale = self.scale
+                cov_p = self.normalized_cov_params * scale
+
+        if column is not None:
+            column = np.asarray(column)
+            if column.shape == ():
+                return cov_p[column, column]
+            else:
+                #return cov_p[column][:, column]
+                return cov_p[column[:, None], column]
+        elif r_matrix is not None:
+            r_matrix = np.asarray(r_matrix)
+            if r_matrix.shape == ():
+                raise ValueError("r_matrix should be 1d or 2d")
+            if other is None:
+                other = r_matrix
+            else:
+                other = np.asarray(other)
+            tmp = dot_fun(r_matrix, dot_fun(cov_p, np.transpose(other)))
+            return tmp
+        else:  # if r_matrix is None and column is None:
+            return cov_p
+
+    #TODO: make sure this works as needed for GLMs
+    def t_test(self, r_matrix, cov_p=None, scale=None,
+               use_t=None):
+        """
+        Compute a t-test for a each linear hypothesis of the form Rb = q
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        r_matrix : array-like, str, tuple
+            - array : If an array is given, a p x k 2d array or length k 1d
+              array specifying the linear restrictions. It is assumed
+              that the linear combination is equal to zero.
+            - str : The full hypotheses to test can be given as a string.
+              See the examples.
+            - tuple : A tuple of arrays in the form (R, q). If q is given,
+              can be either a scalar or a length p row vector.
+        cov_p : array-like, optional
+            An alternative estimate for the parameter covariance matrix.
+            If None is given, self.normalized_cov_params is used.
+        scale : float, optional
+            An optional `scale` to use.  Default is the scale specified
+            by the model fit.
+        use_t : bool, optional
+            If use_t is None, then the default of the model is used.
+            If use_t is True, then the p-values are based on the t
+            distribution.
+            If use_t is False, then the p-values are based on the normal
+            distribution.
+        Returns
+        -------
+        res : ContrastResults instance
+            The results for the test are attributes of this results instance.
+            The available results have the same elements as the parameter table
+            in `summary()`.
+        Examples
+        --------
+        >>> import numpy as np
+        >>> import statsmodels.api as sm
+        >>> data = sm.datasets.longley.load()
+        >>> data.exog = sm.add_constant(data.exog)
+        >>> results = sm.OLS(data.endog, data.exog).fit()
+        >>> r = np.zeros_like(results.params)
+        >>> r[5:] = [1,-1]
+        >>> print(r)
+        [ 0.  0.  0.  0.  0.  1. -1.]
+        r tests that the coefficients on the 5th and 6th independent
+        variable are the same.
+        >>> T_test = results.t_test(r)
+        >>> print(T_test)
+        <T contrast: effect=-1829.2025687192481, sd=455.39079425193762,
+        t=-4.0167754636411717, p=0.0015163772380899498, df_denom=9>
+        >>> T_test.effect
+        -1829.2025687192481
+        >>> T_test.sd
+        455.39079425193762
+        >>> T_test.tvalue
+        -4.0167754636411717
+        >>> T_test.pvalue
+        0.0015163772380899498
+        Alternatively, you can specify the hypothesis tests using a string
+        >>> from statsmodels.formula.api import ols
+        >>> dta = sm.datasets.longley.load_pandas().data
+        >>> formula = 'TOTEMP ~ GNPDEFL + GNP + UNEMP + ARMED + POP + YEAR'
+        >>> results = ols(formula, dta).fit()
+        >>> hypotheses = 'GNPDEFL = GNP, UNEMP = 2, YEAR/1829 = 1'
+        >>> t_test = results.t_test(hypotheses)
+        >>> print(t_test)
+        See Also
+        ---------
+        tvalues : individual t statistics
+        f_test : for F tests
+        patsy.DesignInfo.linear_constraint
+        """
+        from patsy import DesignInfo
+        names = self.model.data.param_names
+        LC = DesignInfo(names).linear_constraint(r_matrix)
+        r_matrix, q_matrix = LC.coefs, LC.constants
+        num_ttests = r_matrix.shape[0]
+        num_params = r_matrix.shape[1]
+
+        if (cov_p is None and self.normalized_cov_params is None and
+            not hasattr(self, 'cov_params_default')):
+            raise ValueError('Need covariance of parameters for computing '
+                             'T statistics')
+        if num_params != self.params.shape[0]:
+            raise ValueError('r_matrix and params are not aligned')
+        if q_matrix is None:
+            q_matrix = np.zeros(num_ttests)
+        else:
+            q_matrix = np.asarray(q_matrix)
+            q_matrix = q_matrix.squeeze()
+        if q_matrix.size > 1:
+            if q_matrix.shape[0] != num_ttests:
+                raise ValueError("r_matrix and q_matrix must have the same "
+                                 "number of rows")
+
+        if use_t is None:
+            #switch to use_t false if undefined
+            use_t = (hasattr(self, 'use_t') and self.use_t)
+
+        _t = _sd = None
+
+        _effect = np.dot(r_matrix, self.params)
+        # nan_dot multiplies with the convention nan * 0 = 0
+
+        # Perform the test
+        if num_ttests > 1:
+            _sd = np.sqrt(np.diag(self.cov_params(
+                r_matrix=r_matrix, cov_p=cov_p)))
+        else:
+            _sd = np.sqrt(self.cov_params(r_matrix=r_matrix, cov_p=cov_p))
+        _t = (_effect - q_matrix) * recipr(_sd)
+
+        df_resid = getattr(self, 'df_resid_inference', self.df_resid)
+
+        if use_t:
+            return ContrastResults(effect=_effect, t=_t, sd=_sd,
+                                   df_denom=df_resid)
+        else:
+            return ContrastResults(effect=_effect, statistic=_t, sd=_sd,
+                                   df_denom=df_resid,
+                                   distribution='norm')
+
+    def f_test(self, r_matrix, cov_p=None, scale=1.0, invcov=None):
+        """
+        Compute the F-test for a joint linear hypothesis.
+        This is a special case of `wald_test` that always uses the F
+        distribution.
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        r_matrix : array-like, str, or tuple
+            - array : An r x k array where r is the number of restrictions to
+              test and k is the number of regressors. It is assumed
+              that the linear combination is equal to zero.
+            - str : The full hypotheses to test can be given as a string.
+              See the examples.
+            - tuple : A tuple of arrays in the form (R, q), ``q`` can be
+              either a scalar or a length k row vector.
+        cov_p : array-like, optional
+            An alternative estimate for the parameter covariance matrix.
+            If None is given, self.normalized_cov_params is used.
+        scale : float, optional
+            Default is 1.0 for no scaling.
+        invcov : array-like, optional
+            A q x q array to specify an inverse covariance matrix based on a
+            restrictions matrix.
+        Returns
+        -------
+        res : ContrastResults instance
+            The results for the test are attributes of this results instance.
+        Examples
+        --------
+        >>> import numpy as np
+        >>> import statsmodels.api as sm
+        >>> data = sm.datasets.longley.load()
+        >>> data.exog = sm.add_constant(data.exog)
+        >>> results = sm.OLS(data.endog, data.exog).fit()
+        >>> A = np.identity(len(results.params))
+        >>> A = A[1:,:]
+        This tests that each coefficient is jointly statistically
+        significantly different from zero.
+        >>> print(results.f_test(A))
+        <F contrast: F=330.28533923463488, p=4.98403052872e-10,
+         df_denom=9, df_num=6>
+        Compare this to
+        >>> results.fvalue
+        330.2853392346658
+        >>> results.f_pvalue
+        4.98403096572e-10
+        >>> B = np.array(([0,0,1,-1,0,0,0],[0,0,0,0,0,1,-1]))
+        This tests that the coefficient on the 2nd and 3rd regressors are
+        equal and jointly that the coefficient on the 5th and 6th regressors
+        are equal.
+        >>> print(results.f_test(B))
+        <F contrast: F=9.740461873303655, p=0.00560528853174, df_denom=9,
+         df_num=2>
+        Alternatively, you can specify the hypothesis tests using a string
+        >>> from statsmodels.datasets import longley
+        >>> from statsmodels.formula.api import ols
+        >>> dta = longley.load_pandas().data
+        >>> formula = 'TOTEMP ~ GNPDEFL + GNP + UNEMP + ARMED + POP + YEAR'
+        >>> results = ols(formula, dta).fit()
+        >>> hypotheses = '(GNPDEFL = GNP), (UNEMP = 2), (YEAR/1829 = 1)'
+        >>> f_test = results.f_test(hypotheses)
+        >>> print(f_test)
+        See Also
+        --------
+        statsmodels.stats.contrast.ContrastResults
+        wald_test
+        t_test
+        patsy.DesignInfo.linear_constraint
+        Notes
+        -----
+        The matrix `r_matrix` is assumed to be non-singular. More precisely,
+        r_matrix (pX pX.T) r_matrix.T
+        is assumed invertible. Here, pX is the generalized inverse of the
+        design matrix of the model. There can be problems in non-OLS models
+        where the rank of the covariance of the noise is not full.
+        """
+        res = self.wald_test(r_matrix, cov_p=cov_p, scale=scale,
+                             invcov=invcov, use_f=True)
+        return res
+
+    #TODO: untested for GLMs?
+    def wald_test(self, r_matrix, cov_p=None, scale=1.0, invcov=None,
+                  use_f=None):
+        """
+        Compute a Wald-test for a joint linear hypothesis.
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        r_matrix : array-like, str, or tuple
+            - array : An r x k array where r is the number of restrictions to
+              test and k is the number of regressors. It is assumed that the
+              linear combination is equal to zero.
+            - str : The full hypotheses to test can be given as a string.
+              See the examples.
+            - tuple : A tuple of arrays in the form (R, q), ``q`` can be
+              either a scalar or a length p row vector.
+        cov_p : array-like, optional
+            An alternative estimate for the parameter covariance matrix.
+            If None is given, self.normalized_cov_params is used.
+        scale : float, optional
+            Default is 1.0 for no scaling.
+        invcov : array-like, optional
+            A q x q array to specify an inverse covariance matrix based on a
+            restrictions matrix.
+        use_f : bool
+            If True, then the F-distribution is used. If False, then the
+            asymptotic distribution, chisquare is used. If use_f is None, then
+            the F distribution is used if the model specifies that use_t is True.
+            The test statistic is proportionally adjusted for the distribution
+            by the number of constraints in the hypothesis.
+        Returns
+        -------
+        res : ContrastResults instance
+            The results for the test are attributes of this results instance.
+        See also
+        --------
+        statsmodels.stats.contrast.ContrastResults
+        f_test
+        t_test
+        patsy.DesignInfo.linear_constraint
+        Notes
+        -----
+        The matrix `r_matrix` is assumed to be non-singular. More precisely,
+        r_matrix (pX pX.T) r_matrix.T
+        is assumed invertible. Here, pX is the generalized inverse of the
+        design matrix of the model. There can be problems in non-OLS models
+        where the rank of the covariance of the noise is not full.
+        """
+        if use_f is None:
+            #switch to use_t false if undefined
+            use_f = (hasattr(self, 'use_t') and self.use_t)
+
+        from patsy import DesignInfo
+        names = self.model.data.param_names
+        LC = DesignInfo(names).linear_constraint(r_matrix)
+        r_matrix, q_matrix = LC.coefs, LC.constants
+
+        if (self.normalized_cov_params is None and cov_p is None and
+                invcov is None and not hasattr(self, 'cov_params_default')):
+            raise ValueError('need covariance of parameters for computing '
+                             'F statistics')
+
+        cparams = np.dot(r_matrix, self.params[:, None])
+        J = float(r_matrix.shape[0])  # number of restrictions
+        if q_matrix is None:
+            q_matrix = np.zeros(J)
+        else:
+            q_matrix = np.asarray(q_matrix)
+        if q_matrix.ndim == 1:
+            q_matrix = q_matrix[:, None]
+            if q_matrix.shape[0] != J:
+                raise ValueError("r_matrix and q_matrix must have the same "
+                                 "number of rows")
+        Rbq = cparams - q_matrix
+        if invcov is None:
+            cov_p = self.cov_params(r_matrix=r_matrix, cov_p=cov_p)
+            if np.isnan(cov_p).max():
+                raise ValueError("r_matrix performs f_test for using "
+                                 "dimensions that are asymptotically "
+                                 "non-normal")
+            invcov = np.linalg.inv(cov_p)
+
+        if (hasattr(self, 'mle_settings') and
+                self.mle_settings['optimizer'] in ['l1', 'l1_cvxopt_cp']):
+            F = nan_dot(nan_dot(Rbq.T, invcov), Rbq)
+        else:
+            F = np.dot(np.dot(Rbq.T, invcov), Rbq)
+
+        df_resid = getattr(self, 'df_resid_inference', self.df_resid)
+        if use_f:
+            F /= J
+            return ContrastResults(F=F, df_denom=df_resid,
+                                   df_num=invcov.shape[0])
+        else:
+            return ContrastResults(chi2=F, df_denom=J, statistic=F,
+                                   distribution='chi2', distargs=(J,))
+
+
+    def wald_test_terms(self, skip_single=False, extra_constraints=None,
+                   combine_terms=None):
+        """
+        Compute a sequence of Wald tests for terms over multiple columns
+        This computes joined Wald tests for the hypothesis that all
+        coefficients corresponding to a `term` are zero.
+        `Terms` are defined by the underlying formula or by string matching.
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        skip_single : boolean
+            If true, then terms that consist only of a single column and,
+            therefore, refers only to a single parameter is skipped.
+            If false, then all terms are included.
+        extra_constraints : ndarray
+            not tested yet
+        combine_terms : None or list of strings
+            Each string in this list is matched to the name of the terms or
+            the name of the exogenous variables. All columns whose name
+            includes that string are combined in one joint test.
+        Returns
+        -------
+        test_result : result instance
+            The result instance contains `table` which is a pandas DataFrame
+            with the test results: test statistic, degrees of freedom and
+            pvalues.
+        Examples
+        --------
+        >>> res_ols = ols("np.log(Days+1) ~ C(Duration, Sum)*C(Weight, Sum)",
+                          data).fit()
+        >>> res_ols.wald_test_terms()
+        <class 'statsmodels.stats.contrast.WaldTestResults'>
+                                                  F                P>F  df constraint  df denom
+        Intercept                        279.754525  2.37985521351e-22              1        51
+        C(Duration, Sum)                   5.367071    0.0245738436636              1        51
+        C(Weight, Sum)                    12.432445  3.99943118767e-05              2        51
+        C(Duration, Sum):C(Weight, Sum)    0.176002      0.83912310946              2        51
+        >>> res_poi = Poisson.from_formula("Days ~ C(Weight) * C(Duration)",
+                                           data).fit(cov_type='HC0')
+        >>> wt = res_poi.wald_test_terms(skip_single=False,
+                                         combine_terms=['Duration', 'Weight'])
+        >>> print(wt)
+                                    chi2             P>chi2  df constraint
+        Intercept              15.695625  7.43960374424e-05              1
+        C(Weight)              16.132616  0.000313940174705              2
+        C(Duration)             1.009147     0.315107378931              1
+        C(Weight):C(Duration)   0.216694     0.897315972824              2
+        Duration               11.187849     0.010752286833              3
+        Weight                 30.263368  4.32586407145e-06              4
+        """
+        # lazy import
+        from collections import defaultdict
+
+        result = self
+        if extra_constraints is None:
+            extra_constraints = []
+        if combine_terms is None:
+            combine_terms = []
+        design_info = getattr(result.model.data.orig_exog, 'design_info', None)
+
+        if design_info is None and extra_constraints is None:
+            raise ValueError('no constraints, nothing to do')
+
+
+        identity = np.eye(len(result.params))
+        constraints = []
+        combined = defaultdict(list)
+        if design_info is not None:
+            for term in design_info.terms:
+                cols = design_info.slice(term)
+                name = term.name()
+                constraint_matrix = identity[cols]
+
+                # check if in combined
+                for cname in combine_terms:
+                    if cname in name:
+                        combined[cname].append(constraint_matrix)
+
+                k_constraint = constraint_matrix.shape[0]
+                if skip_single:
+                    if k_constraint == 1:
+                        continue
+
+                constraints.append((name, constraint_matrix))
+
+            combined_constraints = []
+            for cname in combine_terms:
+                combined_constraints.append((cname, np.vstack(combined[cname])))
+        else:
+            # check by exog/params names if there is no formula info
+            for col, name in enumerate(result.model.exog_names):
+                constraint_matrix = identity[col]
+
+                # check if in combined
+                for cname in combine_terms:
+                    if cname in name:
+                        combined[cname].append(constraint_matrix)
+
+                if skip_single:
+                    continue
+
+                constraints.append((name, constraint_matrix))
+
+            combined_constraints = []
+            for cname in combine_terms:
+                combined_constraints.append((cname, np.vstack(combined[cname])))
+
+        use_t = result.use_t
+        distribution = ['chi2', 'F'][use_t]
+
+        res_wald = []
+        index = []
+        for name, constraint in constraints + combined_constraints + extra_constraints:
+            wt = result.wald_test(constraint)
+            row = [wt.statistic.item(), wt.pvalue, constraint.shape[0]]
+            if use_t:
+                row.append(wt.df_denom)
+            res_wald.append(row)
+            index.append(name)
+
+        # distribution nerutral names
+        col_names = ['statistic', 'pvalue', 'df_constraint']
+        if use_t:
+            col_names.append('df_denom')
+        # TODO: maybe move DataFrame creation to results class
+        from pandas import DataFrame
+        table = DataFrame(res_wald, index=index, columns=col_names)
+        res = WaldTestResults(None, distribution, None, table=table)
+        # TODO: remove temp again, added for testing
+        res.temp = constraints + combined_constraints + extra_constraints
+        return res
+
+
+    def conf_int(self, alpha=.05, cols=None, method='default'):
+        """
+        Returns the confidence interval of the fitted parameters.
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        alpha : float, optional
+            The significance level for the confidence interval.
+            ie., The default `alpha` = .05 returns a 95% confidence interval.
+        cols : array-like, optional
+            `cols` specifies which confidence intervals to return
+        method : string
+            Not Implemented Yet
+            Method to estimate the confidence_interval.
+            "Default" : uses self.bse which is based on inverse Hessian for MLE
+            "hjjh" :
+            "jac" :
+            "boot-bse"
+            "boot_quant"
+            "profile"
+        Returns
+        --------
+        conf_int : array
+            Each row contains [lower, upper] limits of the confidence interval
+            for the corresponding parameter. The first column contains all
+            lower, the second column contains all upper limits.
+        Examples
+        --------
+        >>> import statsmodels.api as sm
+        >>> data = sm.datasets.longley.load()
+        >>> data.exog = sm.add_constant(data.exog)
+        >>> results = sm.OLS(data.endog, data.exog).fit()
+        >>> results.conf_int()
+        array([[-5496529.48322745, -1467987.78596704],
+               [    -177.02903529,      207.15277984],
+               [      -0.1115811 ,        0.03994274],
+               [      -3.12506664,       -0.91539297],
+               [      -1.5179487 ,       -0.54850503],
+               [      -0.56251721,        0.460309  ],
+               [     798.7875153 ,     2859.51541392]])
+        >>> results.conf_int(cols=(2,3))
+        array([[-0.1115811 ,  0.03994274],
+               [-3.12506664, -0.91539297]])
+        Notes
+        -----
+        The confidence interval is based on the standard normal distribution.
+        Models wish to use a different distribution should overwrite this
+        method.
+        """
+        bse = self.bse
+
+        if self.use_t:
+            dist = stats.t
+            df_resid = getattr(self, 'df_resid_inference', self.df_resid)
+            q = dist.ppf(1 - alpha / 2, df_resid)
+        else:
+            dist = stats.norm
+            q = dist.ppf(1 - alpha / 2)
+
+        if cols is None:
+            lower = self.params - q * bse
+            upper = self.params + q * bse
+        else:
+            cols = np.asarray(cols)
+            lower = self.params[cols] - q * bse[cols]
+            upper = self.params[cols] + q * bse[cols]
+        return np.asarray(lzip(lower, upper))
+
+    def save(self, fname, remove_data=False):
+        '''
+        save a pickle of this instance
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        fname : string or filehandle
+            fname can be a string to a file path or filename, or a filehandle.
+        remove_data : bool
+            If False (default), then the instance is pickled without changes.
+            If True, then all arrays with length nobs are set to None before
+            pickling. See the remove_data method.
+            In some cases not all arrays will be set to None.
+        Notes
+        -----
+        If remove_data is true and the model result does not implement a
+        remove_data method then this will raise an exception.
+        '''
+
+        from statsmodels.iolib.smpickle import save_pickle
+
+        if remove_data:
+            self.remove_data()
+
+        save_pickle(self, fname)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def load(cls, fname):
+        '''
+        load a pickle, (class method)
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        fname : string or filehandle
+            fname can be a string to a file path or filename, or a filehandle.
+        Returns
+        -------
+        unpickled instance
+        '''
+
+        from statsmodels.iolib.smpickle import load_pickle
+        return load_pickle(fname)
+
+    def remove_data(self):
+        '''remove data arrays, all nobs arrays from result and model
+        This reduces the size of the instance, so it can be pickled with less
+        memory. Currently tested for use with predict from an unpickled
+        results and model instance.
+        .. warning:: Since data and some intermediate results have been removed
+           calculating new statistics that require them will raise exceptions.
+           The exception will occur the first time an attribute is accessed
+           that has been set to None.
+        Not fully tested for time series models, tsa, and might delete too much
+        for prediction or not all that would be possible.
+        The list of arrays to delete is maintained as an attribute of the
+        result and model instance, except for cached values. These lists could
+        be changed before calling remove_data.
+        '''
+        def wipe(obj, att):
+            #get to last element in attribute path
+            p = att.split('.')
+            att_ = p.pop(-1)
+            try:
+                obj_ = reduce(getattr, [obj] + p)
+
+                #print(repr(obj), repr(att))
+                #print(hasattr(obj_, att_))
+                if hasattr(obj_, att_):
+                    #print('removing3', att_)
+                    setattr(obj_, att_, None)
+            except AttributeError:
+                pass
+
+        model_attr = ['model.' + i for i in self.model._data_attr]
+        for att in self._data_attr + model_attr:
+            #print('removing', att)
+            wipe(self, att)
+
+        data_in_cache = getattr(self, 'data_in_cache', [])
+        data_in_cache += ['fittedvalues', 'resid', 'wresid']
+        for key in data_in_cache:
+            try:
+                self._cache[key] = None
+            except (AttributeError, KeyError):
+                pass
+
+def lzip(*args, **kwargs):
+    return list(zip(*args, **kwargs))

release/python/0.7.0/crankshaft/crankshaft/regression/glm/glm.py

@@ -0,0 +1,326 @@
+
+import numpy as np
+import numpy.linalg as la
+from pysal.spreg.utils import RegressionPropsY, spdot
+import pysal.spreg.user_output as USER
+from utils import cache_readonly
+from base import LikelihoodModelResults
+import family
+from iwls import iwls
+
+__all__ = ['GLM']
+
+class GLM(RegressionPropsY):
+    """
+    Generalised linear models. Can currently estimate Guassian, Poisson and
+    Logisitc regression coefficients. GLM object prepares model input and fit
+    method performs estimation which then returns a GLMResults object.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+        y             : array
+                        n*1, dependent variable.
+        X             : array
+                        n*k, independent variable, exlcuding the constant.
+        family        : string
+                        Model type: 'Gaussian', 'Poisson', 'Binomial'
+
+    Attributes
+    ----------
+        y             : array
+                        n*1, dependent variable.
+        X             : array
+                        n*k, independent variable, including constant.
+        family        : string
+                        Model type: 'Gaussian', 'Poisson', 'logistic'
+        n             : integer
+                        Number of observations
+        k             : integer
+                        Number of independent variables
+        df_model      : float
+                        k-1, where k is the number of variables (including
+                        intercept)
+        df_residual   : float
+                        observations minus variables (n-k)
+        mean_y        : float
+                        Mean of y
+        std_y         : float
+                        Standard deviation of y
+        fit_params     : dict
+                        Parameters passed into fit method to define estimation
+                        routine.
+        normalized_cov_params   : array
+                                k*k, approximates [X.T*X]-1
+    """
+    def __init__(self, y, X, family=family.Gaussian(), constant=True):
+        """
+        Initialize class
+        """
+        self.n = USER.check_arrays(y, X)
+        USER.check_y(y, self.n)
+        self.y = y
+        if constant:
+            self.X = USER.check_constant(X)
+        else:
+            self.X = X
+        self.family = family
+        self.k = self.X.shape[1]
+        self.fit_params = {}
+
+    def fit(self, ini_betas=None, tol=1.0e-6, max_iter=200, solve='iwls'):
+        """
+        Method that fits a model with a particular estimation routine.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+
+        ini_betas     : array
+                        k*1, initial coefficient values, including constant.
+                        Default is None, which calculates initial values during
+                        estimation.
+        tol:            float
+                        Tolerence for estimation convergence.
+        max_iter       : integer
+                        Maximum number of iterations if convergence not
+                        achieved.
+        solve         :string
+                       Technique to solve MLE equations.
+                       'iwls' = iteratively (re)weighted least squares (default)
+        """
+        self.fit_params['ini_betas'] = ini_betas
+        self.fit_params['tol'] = tol
+        self.fit_params['max_iter'] = max_iter
+        self.fit_params['solve']=solve
+        if solve.lower() == 'iwls':
+            params, predy, w, n_iter = iwls(self.y, self.X, self.family,
+                    ini_betas=ini_betas, tol=tol, max_iter=max_iter)
+            self.fit_params['n_iter'] = n_iter
+        return GLMResults(self, params.flatten(), predy, w)
+
+    @cache_readonly
+    def df_model(self):
+        return self.X.shape[1] - 1
+
+    @cache_readonly
+    def df_resid(self):
+        return self.n - self.df_model - 1
+
+class GLMResults(LikelihoodModelResults):
+    """
+    Results of estimated GLM and diagnostics.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+        model         : GLM object
+                        Pointer to GLM object with estimation parameters.
+        params         : array
+                        k*1, estimared coefficients
+        mu         : array
+                        n*1, predicted y values.
+        w             : array
+                        n*1, final weight used for iwls
+
+    Attributes
+    ----------
+        model         : GLM Object
+                        Points to GLM object for which parameters have been
+                        estimated.
+        y             : array
+                        n*1, dependent variable.
+        x             : array
+                        n*k, independent variable, including constant.
+        family        : string
+                        Model type: 'Gaussian', 'Poisson', 'Logistic'
+        n             : integer
+                        Number of observations
+        k             : integer
+                        Number of independent variables
+        df_model      : float
+                        k-1, where k is the number of variables (including
+                        intercept)
+        df_residual   : float
+                        observations minus variables (n-k)
+        fit_params    : dict
+                        parameters passed into fit method to define estimation
+                        routine.
+        scale         : float
+                        sigma squared used for subsequent computations.
+        params         : array
+                        n*k, estimared beta coefficients
+        w             : array
+                        n*1, final weight values of x
+        mu            : array
+                        n*1, predicted value of y (i.e., fittedvalues)
+        cov_params    : array
+                        Variance covariance matrix (kxk) of betas which has been
+                        appropriately scaled by sigma-squared
+        bse           : array
+                        k*1, standard errors of betas
+        pvalues       : array
+                        k*1, two-tailed pvalues of parameters
+        tvalues       : array
+                        k*1, the tvalues of the standard errors
+        null          : array
+                        n*1, predicted values of y for null model
+        deviance      : float
+                        value of the deviance function evalued at params;
+                        see family.py for distribution-specific deviance
+        null_deviance : float
+                        value of the deviance function for the model fit with
+                        a constant as the only regressor
+        llf           : float
+                        value of the loglikelihood function evalued at params;
+                        see family.py for distribution-specific loglikelihoods
+        llnull       : float
+                        value of log-likelihood function evaluated at null
+        aic           : float 
+                        AIC
+        bic           : float 
+                        BIC
+        D2            : float
+                        percent deviance explained
+        adj_D2        : float
+                        adjusted percent deviance explained
+        pseudo_R2       : float
+                        McFadden's pseudo R2  (coefficient of determination) 
+        adj_pseudoR2    : float
+                        adjusted McFadden's pseudo R2
+        resid_response          : array
+                                  response residuals; defined as y-mu
+        resid_pearson           : array
+                                  Pearson residuals; defined as (y-mu)/sqrt(VAR(mu))
+                                  where VAR is the distribution specific variance
+                                  function; see family.py and varfuncs.py for more information.
+        resid_working           : array
+                                  Working residuals; the working residuals are defined as
+                                  resid_response/link'(mu); see links.py for the
+                                  derivatives of the link functions.
+
+        resid_anscombe          : array
+                                 Anscombe residuals; see family.py for 
+                                 distribution-specific Anscombe residuals.
+        
+        resid_deviance          : array
+                                 deviance residuals; see family.py for 
+                                 distribution-specific deviance residuals.
+
+        pearson_chi2            : float
+                                  chi-Squared statistic is defined as the sum 
+                                  of the squares of the Pearson residuals
+
+        normalized_cov_params   : array
+                                k*k, approximates [X.T*X]-1
+    """
+    def __init__(self, model, params, mu, w):
+        self.model = model
+        self.n = model.n
+        self.y = model.y.T.flatten()
+        self.X = model.X
+        self.k = model.k
+        self.family = model.family
+        self.fit_params = model.fit_params
+        self.params = params
+        self.w = w
+        self.mu = mu.flatten()
+        self._cache = {}
+    
+    @cache_readonly
+    def df_model(self):
+        return self.model.df_model
+
+    @cache_readonly
+    def df_resid(self):
+        return self.model.df_resid
+
+    @cache_readonly
+    def normalized_cov_params(self):
+        return la.inv(spdot(self.w.T, self.w))
+
+    @cache_readonly
+    def resid_response(self):
+        return (self.y-self.mu)
+
+    @cache_readonly
+    def resid_pearson(self):
+        return  ((self.y-self.mu) /
+                np.sqrt(self.family.variance(self.mu)))
+
+    @cache_readonly
+    def resid_working(self):
+        return (self.resid_response / self.family.link.deriv(self.mu))
+
+    @cache_readonly
+    def resid_anscombe(self):
+        return (self.family.resid_anscombe(self.y, self.mu))
+
+    @cache_readonly
+    def resid_deviance(self):
+        return (self.family.resid_dev(self.y, self.mu))
+
+    @cache_readonly
+    def pearson_chi2(self):
+        chisq = (self.y - self.mu)**2 / self.family.variance(self.mu)
+        chisqsum = np.sum(chisq)
+        return chisqsum
+
+    @cache_readonly
+    def null(self):
+        y = np.reshape(self.y, (-1,1))
+        model = self.model
+        X = np.ones((len(y), 1))
+        null_mod =  GLM(y, X, family=self.family, constant=False)
+        return null_mod.fit().mu
+   
+    @cache_readonly
+    def scale(self):
+        if isinstance(self.family, (family.Binomial, family.Poisson)):
+            return 1.
+        else:
+            return (((np.power(self.resid_response, 2) /
+                         self.family.variance(self.mu))).sum() /
+                        (self.df_resid))
+    @cache_readonly
+    def deviance(self):
+        return self.family.deviance(self.y, self.mu)
+
+    @cache_readonly
+    def null_deviance(self):
+        return self.family.deviance(self.y, self.null)
+   
+    @cache_readonly
+    def llnull(self):
+        return self.family.loglike(self.y, self.null, scale=self.scale)
+
+    @cache_readonly
+    def llf(self):
+        return self.family.loglike(self.y, self.mu, scale=self.scale)
+    
+    @cache_readonly
+    def aic(self):
+        if isinstance(self.family, family.QuasiPoisson):
+        	return np.nan
+        else:
+            return -2 * self.llf + 2*(self.df_model+1)
+
+    @cache_readonly
+    def bic(self):
+        return (self.deviance -
+                (self.model.n - self.df_model - 1) *
+                np.log(self.model.n))
+    
+    @cache_readonly
+    def D2(self):
+        return 1 - (self.deviance / self.null_deviance)
+
+    @cache_readonly
+    def adj_D2(self):
+        return 1.0 - (float(self.n) - 1.0)/(float(self.n) - float(self.k)) * (1.0-self.D2)
+    
+    @cache_readonly
+    def pseudoR2(self):
+        return 1 - (self.llf/self.llnull)
+    
+    @cache_readonly
+    def adj_pseudoR2(self):
+        return 1 - ((self.llf-self.k)/self.llnull)
+    

release/python/0.7.0/crankshaft/crankshaft/regression/glm/iwls.py

@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+import numpy as np
+import numpy.linalg as la
+from scipy import sparse as sp
+from scipy.sparse import linalg as spla
+from pysal.spreg.utils import spdot, spmultiply
+from family import Binomial, Poisson
+
+def _compute_betas(y, x):
+    """
+    compute MLE coefficients using iwls routine
+
+    Methods: p189, Iteratively (Re)weighted Least Squares (IWLS),
+    Fotheringham, A. S., Brunsdon, C., & Charlton, M. (2002).
+    Geographically weighted regression: the analysis of spatially varying relationships.
+    """
+    xT = x.T
+    xtx = spdot(xT, x)
+    xtx_inv = la.inv(xtx)
+    xtx_inv = sp.csr_matrix(xtx_inv)
+    xTy = spdot(xT, y, array_out=False)
+    betas = spdot(xtx_inv, xTy)
+    return betas
+
+def _compute_betas_gwr(y, x, wi):
+    """
+    compute MLE coefficients using iwls routine
+
+    Methods: p189, Iteratively (Re)weighted Least Squares (IWLS),
+    Fotheringham, A. S., Brunsdon, C., & Charlton, M. (2002).
+    Geographically weighted regression: the analysis of spatially varying relationships.
+    """
+    xT = (x * wi).T
+    xtx = np.dot(xT, x)
+    xtx_inv = la.inv(xtx)
+    xtx_inv_xt = np.dot(xtx_inv, xT)
+    betas = np.dot(xtx_inv_xt, y)
+    return betas, xtx_inv_xt
+
+def iwls(y, x, family, offset=1.0, ini_betas=None, tol=1.0e-8, max_iter=200, wi=None):
+    """
+    Iteratively re-weighted least squares estimation routine
+    """
+    n_iter = 0
+    diff = 1.0e6
+    if ini_betas is None:
+        betas = np.zeros((x.shape[1], 1), np.float)
+    else:
+        betas = ini_betas
+    if isinstance(family, Binomial):
+        y = family.link._clean(y)
+    if isinstance(family, Poisson):
+    	y_off = y/offset
+        y_off = family.starting_mu(y_off)
+        v = family.predict(y_off)
+        mu = family.starting_mu(y)
+    else:
+        mu = family.starting_mu(y)
+        v = family.predict(mu)
+    
+    while diff > tol and n_iter < max_iter:
+    	n_iter += 1
+        w = family.weights(mu)
+        z = v + (family.link.deriv(mu)*(y-mu))
+        w = np.sqrt(w)
+        if type(x) != np.ndarray:
+        	w = sp.csr_matrix(w)
+        	z = sp.csr_matrix(z)
+        wx = spmultiply(x, w, array_out=False)
+        wz = spmultiply(z, w, array_out=False)
+        if wi is None:
+            n_betas = _compute_betas(wz, wx)
+        else:
+            n_betas, xtx_inv_xt = _compute_betas_gwr(wz, wx, wi)
+        v = spdot(x, n_betas)
+        mu  = family.fitted(v)
+        if isinstance(family, Poisson):
+            mu = mu * offset
+        diff = min(abs(n_betas-betas))
+        betas = n_betas
+        
+    if wi is None:
+        return betas, mu, wx, n_iter
+    else:
+        return betas, mu, v, w, z, xtx_inv_xt, n_iter

release/python/0.7.0/crankshaft/crankshaft/regression/glm/links.py

@@ -0,0 +1,953 @@
+'''
+Defines the link functions to be used with GLM and GEE families.
+'''
+
+import numpy as np
+import scipy.stats
+FLOAT_EPS = np.finfo(float).eps
+
+
+class Link(object):
+    """
+    A generic link function for one-parameter exponential family.
+
+    `Link` does nothing, but lays out the methods expected of any subclass.
+    """
+
+    def __call__(self, p):
+        """
+        Return the value of the link function.  This is just a placeholder.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        p : array-like
+            Probabilities
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        g(p) : array-like
+            The value of the link function g(p) = z
+        """
+        return NotImplementedError
+
+    def inverse(self, z):
+        """
+        Inverse of the link function.  Just a placeholder.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        z : array-like
+            `z` is usually the linear predictor of the transformed variable
+            in the IRLS algorithm for GLM.
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        g^(-1)(z) : array
+            The value of the inverse of the link function g^(-1)(z) = p
+
+
+        """
+        return NotImplementedError
+
+    def deriv(self, p):
+        """
+        Derivative of the link function g'(p).  Just a placeholder.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        p : array-like
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        g'(p) : array
+            The value of the derivative of the link function g'(p)
+        """
+        return NotImplementedError
+
+    def deriv2(self, p):
+        """Second derivative of the link function g''(p)
+
+        implemented through numerical differentiation
+        """
+        from statsmodels.tools.numdiff import approx_fprime_cs
+        # TODO: workaround proplem with numdiff for 1d
+        return np.diag(approx_fprime_cs(p, self.deriv))
+
+    def inverse_deriv(self, z):
+        """
+        Derivative of the inverse link function g^(-1)(z).
+
+        Notes
+        -----
+        This reference implementation gives the correct result but is
+        inefficient, so it can be overriden in subclasses.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        z : array-like
+            `z` is usually the linear predictor for a GLM or GEE model.
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        g'^(-1)(z) : array
+            The value of the derivative of the inverse of the link function
+
+        """
+        return 1 / self.deriv(self.inverse(z))
+
+
+class Logit(Link):
+    """
+    The logit transform
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    call and derivative use a private method _clean to make trim p by
+    machine epsilon so that p is in (0,1)
+
+    Alias of Logit:
+    logit = Logit()
+    """
+
+    def _clean(self, p):
+        """
+        Clip logistic values to range (eps, 1-eps)
+
+        Parameters
+        -----------
+        p : array-like
+            Probabilities
+
+        Returns
+        --------
+        pclip : array
+            Clipped probabilities
+        """
+        return np.clip(p, FLOAT_EPS, 1. - FLOAT_EPS)
+
+    def __call__(self, p):
+        """
+        The logit transform
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        p : array-like
+            Probabilities
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        z : array
+            Logit transform of `p`
+
+        Notes
+        -----
+        g(p) = log(p / (1 - p))
+        """
+        p = self._clean(p)
+        return np.log(p / (1. - p))
+
+    def inverse(self, z):
+        """
+        Inverse of the logit transform
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        z : array-like
+            The value of the logit transform at `p`
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        p : array
+            Probabilities
+
+        Notes
+        -----
+        g^(-1)(z) = exp(z)/(1+exp(z))
+        """
+        z = np.asarray(z)
+        t = np.exp(-z)
+        return 1. / (1. + t)
+
+    def deriv(self, p):
+
+        """
+        Derivative of the logit transform
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        p: array-like
+            Probabilities
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        g'(p) : array
+            Value of the derivative of logit transform at `p`
+
+        Notes
+        -----
+        g'(p) = 1 / (p * (1 - p))
+
+        Alias for `Logit`:
+        logit = Logit()
+        """
+        p = self._clean(p)
+        return 1. / (p * (1 - p))
+
+    def inverse_deriv(self, z):
+        """
+        Derivative of the inverse of the logit transform
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        z : array-like
+            `z` is usually the linear predictor for a GLM or GEE model.
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        g'^(-1)(z) : array
+            The value of the derivative of the inverse of the logit function
+
+        """
+        t = np.exp(z)
+        return t/(1 + t)**2
+
+
+    def deriv2(self, p):
+        """
+        Second derivative of the logit function.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        p : array-like
+            probabilities
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        g''(z) : array
+            The value of the second derivative of the logit function
+        """
+        v = p * (1 - p)
+        return (2*p - 1) / v**2
+
+class logit(Logit):
+    pass
+
+
+class Power(Link):
+    """
+    The power transform
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    power : float
+        The exponent of the power transform
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    Aliases of Power:
+    inverse = Power(power=-1)
+    sqrt = Power(power=.5)
+    inverse_squared = Power(power=-2.)
+    identity = Power(power=1.)
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, power=1.):
+        self.power = power
+
+    def __call__(self, p):
+        """
+        Power transform link function
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        p : array-like
+            Mean parameters
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        z : array-like
+            Power transform of x
+
+        Notes
+        -----
+        g(p) = x**self.power
+        """
+
+        z = np.power(p, self.power)
+        return z
+
+    def inverse(self, z):
+        """
+        Inverse of the power transform link function
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        `z` : array-like
+            Value of the transformed mean parameters at `p`
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        `p` : array
+            Mean parameters
+
+        Notes
+        -----
+        g^(-1)(z`) = `z`**(1/`power`)
+        """
+
+        p = np.power(z, 1. / self.power)
+        return p
+
+    def deriv(self, p):
+        """
+        Derivative of the power transform
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        p : array-like
+            Mean parameters
+
+        Returns
+        --------
+        g'(p) : array
+            Derivative of power transform of `p`
+
+        Notes
+        -----
+        g'(`p`) = `power` * `p`**(`power` - 1)
+        """
+        return self.power * np.power(p, self.power - 1)
+
+    def deriv2(self, p):
+        """
+        Second derivative of the power transform
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        p : array-like
+            Mean parameters
+
+        Returns
+        --------
+        g''(p) : array
+            Second derivative of the power transform of `p`
+
+        Notes
+        -----
+        g''(`p`) = `power` * (`power` - 1) * `p`**(`power` - 2)
+        """
+        return self.power * (self.power - 1) * np.power(p, self.power - 2)
+
+    def inverse_deriv(self, z):
+        """
+        Derivative of the inverse of the power transform
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        z : array-like
+            `z` is usually the linear predictor for a GLM or GEE model.
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        g^(-1)'(z) : array
+            The value of the derivative of the inverse of the power transform
+        function
+        """
+        return np.power(z, (1 - self.power)/self.power) / self.power
+
+
+class inverse_power(Power):
+    """
+    The inverse transform
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    g(p) = 1/p
+
+    Alias of statsmodels.family.links.Power(power=-1.)
+    """
+    def __init__(self):
+        super(inverse_power, self).__init__(power=-1.)
+
+
+class sqrt(Power):
+    """
+    The square-root transform
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    g(`p`) = sqrt(`p`)
+
+    Alias of statsmodels.family.links.Power(power=.5)
+    """
+    def __init__(self):
+        super(sqrt, self).__init__(power=.5)
+
+
+class inverse_squared(Power):
+    """
+    The inverse squared transform
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    g(`p`) = 1/(`p`\ \*\*2)
+
+    Alias of statsmodels.family.links.Power(power=2.)
+    """
+    def __init__(self):
+        super(inverse_squared, self).__init__(power=-2.)
+
+
+class identity(Power):
+    """
+    The identity transform
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    g(`p`) = `p`
+
+    Alias of statsmodels.family.links.Power(power=1.)
+    """
+    def __init__(self):
+        super(identity, self).__init__(power=1.)
+
+
+class Log(Link):
+    """
+    The log transform
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    call and derivative call a private method _clean to trim the data by
+    machine epsilon so that p is in (0,1). log is an alias of Log.
+    """
+
+    def _clean(self, x):
+        return np.clip(x, FLOAT_EPS, np.inf)
+
+    def __call__(self, p, **extra):
+        """
+        Log transform link function
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        x : array-like
+            Mean parameters
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        z : array
+            log(x)
+
+        Notes
+        -----
+        g(p) = log(p)
+        """
+        x = self._clean(p)
+        return np.log(x)
+
+    def inverse(self, z):
+        """
+        Inverse of log transform link function
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        z : array
+            The inverse of the link function at `p`
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        p : array
+            The mean probabilities given the value of the inverse `z`
+
+        Notes
+        -----
+        g^{-1}(z) = exp(z)
+        """
+        return np.exp(z)
+
+    def deriv(self, p):
+        """
+        Derivative of log transform link function
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        p : array-like
+            Mean parameters
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        g'(p) : array
+            derivative of log transform of x
+
+        Notes
+        -----
+        g'(x) = 1/x
+        """
+        p = self._clean(p)
+        return 1. / p
+
+    def deriv2(self, p):
+        """
+        Second derivative of the log transform link function
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        p : array-like
+            Mean parameters
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        g''(p) : array
+            Second derivative of log transform of x
+
+        Notes
+        -----
+        g''(x) = -1/x^2
+        """
+        p = self._clean(p)
+        return -1. / p**2
+
+    def inverse_deriv(self, z):
+        """
+        Derivative of the inverse of the log transform link function
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        z : array
+            The inverse of the link function at `p`
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        g^(-1)'(z) : array
+            The value of the derivative of the inverse of the log function,
+            the exponential function
+        """
+        return np.exp(z)
+
+
+class log(Log):
+    """
+    The log transform
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    log is a an alias of Log.
+    """
+    pass
+
+
+# TODO: the CDFLink is untested
+class CDFLink(Logit):
+    """
+    The use the CDF of a scipy.stats distribution
+
+    CDFLink is a subclass of logit in order to use its _clean method
+    for the link and its derivative.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    dbn : scipy.stats distribution
+        Default is dbn=scipy.stats.norm
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    The CDF link is untested.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, dbn=scipy.stats.norm):
+        self.dbn = dbn
+
+    def __call__(self, p):
+        """
+        CDF link function
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        p : array-like
+            Mean parameters
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        z : array
+            (ppf) inverse of CDF transform of p
+
+        Notes
+        -----
+        g(`p`) = `dbn`.ppf(`p`)
+        """
+        p = self._clean(p)
+        return self.dbn.ppf(p)
+
+    def inverse(self, z):
+        """
+        The inverse of the CDF link
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        z : array-like
+            The value of the inverse of the link function at `p`
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        p : array
+            Mean probabilities.  The value of the inverse of CDF link of `z`
+
+        Notes
+        -----
+        g^(-1)(`z`) = `dbn`.cdf(`z`)
+        """
+        return self.dbn.cdf(z)
+
+    def deriv(self, p):
+        """
+        Derivative of CDF link
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        p : array-like
+            mean parameters
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        g'(p) : array
+            The derivative of CDF transform at `p`
+
+        Notes
+        -----
+        g'(`p`) = 1./ `dbn`.pdf(`dbn`.ppf(`p`))
+        """
+        p = self._clean(p)
+        return 1. / self.dbn.pdf(self.dbn.ppf(p))
+
+    def deriv2(self, p):
+        """
+        Second derivative of the link function g''(p)
+
+        implemented through numerical differentiation
+        """
+        from statsmodels.tools.numdiff import approx_fprime
+        p = np.atleast_1d(p)
+        # Note: special function for norm.ppf does not support complex
+        return np.diag(approx_fprime(p, self.deriv, centered=True))
+
+    def inverse_deriv(self, z):
+        """
+        Derivative of the inverse of the CDF transformation link function
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        z : array
+            The inverse of the link function at `p`
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        g^(-1)'(z) : array
+            The value of the derivative of the inverse of the logit function
+        """
+        return 1/self.deriv(self.inverse(z))
+
+
+class probit(CDFLink):
+    """
+    The probit (standard normal CDF) transform
+
+    Notes
+    --------
+    g(p) = scipy.stats.norm.ppf(p)
+
+    probit is an alias of CDFLink.
+    """
+    pass
+
+
+class cauchy(CDFLink):
+    """
+    The Cauchy (standard Cauchy CDF) transform
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    g(p) = scipy.stats.cauchy.ppf(p)
+
+    cauchy is an alias of CDFLink with dbn=scipy.stats.cauchy
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        super(cauchy, self).__init__(dbn=scipy.stats.cauchy)
+
+    def deriv2(self, p):
+        """
+        Second derivative of the Cauchy link function.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        p: array-like
+            Probabilities
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        g''(p) : array
+            Value of the second derivative of Cauchy link function at `p`
+        """
+        a = np.pi * (p - 0.5)
+        d2 = 2 * np.pi**2 * np.sin(a) / np.cos(a)**3
+        return d2
+
+class CLogLog(Logit):
+    """
+    The complementary log-log transform
+
+    CLogLog inherits from Logit in order to have access to its _clean method
+    for the link and its derivative.
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    CLogLog is untested.
+    """
+    def __call__(self, p):
+        """
+        C-Log-Log transform link function
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        p : array
+            Mean parameters
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        z : array
+            The CLogLog transform of `p`
+
+        Notes
+        -----
+        g(p) = log(-log(1-p))
+        """
+        p = self._clean(p)
+        return np.log(-np.log(1 - p))
+
+    def inverse(self, z):
+        """
+        Inverse of C-Log-Log transform link function
+
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        z : array-like
+            The value of the inverse of the CLogLog link function at `p`
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        p : array
+            Mean parameters
+
+        Notes
+        -----
+        g^(-1)(`z`) = 1-exp(-exp(`z`))
+        """
+        return 1 - np.exp(-np.exp(z))
+
+    def deriv(self, p):
+        """
+        Derivative of C-Log-Log transform link function
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        p : array-like
+            Mean parameters
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        g'(p) : array
+            The derivative of the CLogLog transform link function
+
+        Notes
+        -----
+        g'(p) = - 1 / ((p-1)*log(1-p))
+        """
+        p = self._clean(p)
+        return 1. / ((p - 1) * (np.log(1 - p)))
+
+    def deriv2(self, p):
+        """
+        Second derivative of the C-Log-Log ink function
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        p : array-like
+            Mean parameters
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        g''(p) : array
+            The second derivative of the CLogLog link function
+        """
+        p = self._clean(p)
+        fl = np.log(1 - p)
+        d2 = -1 / ((1 - p)**2 * fl)
+        d2 *= 1 + 1 / fl
+        return d2
+
+    def inverse_deriv(self, z):
+        """
+        Derivative of the inverse of the C-Log-Log transform link function
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        z : array-like
+            The value of the inverse of the CLogLog link function at `p`
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        g^(-1)'(z) : array
+            The derivative of the inverse of the CLogLog link function
+        """
+        return np.exp(z - np.exp(z))
+
+
+class cloglog(CLogLog):
+    """
+    The CLogLog transform link function.
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    g(`p`) = log(-log(1-`p`))
+
+    cloglog is an alias for CLogLog
+    cloglog = CLogLog()
+    """
+    pass
+
+
+class NegativeBinomial(object):
+    '''
+    The negative binomial link function
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    alpha : float, optional
+        Alpha is the ancillary parameter of the Negative Binomial link
+        function. It is assumed to be nonstochastic.  The default value is 1.
+        Permissible values are usually assumed to be in (.01, 2).
+    '''
+
+    def __init__(self, alpha=1.):
+        self.alpha = alpha
+
+    def _clean(self, x):
+        return np.clip(x, FLOAT_EPS, np.inf)
+
+    def __call__(self, p):
+        '''
+        Negative Binomial transform link function
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        p : array-like
+            Mean parameters
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        z : array
+            The negative binomial transform of `p`
+
+        Notes
+        -----
+        g(p) = log(p/(p + 1/alpha))
+        '''
+        p = self._clean(p)
+        return np.log(p/(p + 1/self.alpha))
+
+    def inverse(self, z):
+        '''
+        Inverse of the negative binomial transform
+
+        Parameters
+        -----------
+        z : array-like
+            The value of the inverse of the negative binomial link at `p`.
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        p : array
+            Mean parameters
+
+        Notes
+        -----
+        g^(-1)(z) = exp(z)/(alpha*(1-exp(z)))
+        '''
+        return -1/(self.alpha * (1 - np.exp(-z)))
+
+    def deriv(self, p):
+        '''
+        Derivative of the negative binomial transform
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        p : array-like
+            Mean parameters
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        g'(p) : array
+            The derivative of the negative binomial transform link function
+
+        Notes
+        -----
+        g'(x) = 1/(x+alpha*x^2)
+        '''
+        return 1/(p + self.alpha * p**2)
+
+    def deriv2(self,p):
+        '''
+        Second derivative of the negative binomial link function.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        p : array-like
+            Mean parameters
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        g''(p) : array
+            The second derivative of the negative binomial transform link
+            function
+
+        Notes
+        -----
+        g''(x) = -(1+2*alpha*x)/(x+alpha*x^2)^2
+        '''
+        numer = -(1 + 2 * self.alpha * p)
+        denom = (p + self.alpha * p**2)**2
+        return numer / denom
+
+    def inverse_deriv(self, z):
+        '''
+        Derivative of the inverse of the negative binomial transform
+
+        Parameters
+        -----------
+        z : array-like
+            Usually the linear predictor for a GLM or GEE model
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        g^(-1)'(z) : array
+            The value of the derivative of the inverse of the negative
+            binomial link
+        '''
+        t = np.exp(z)
+        return t / (self.alpha * (1-t)**2)
+
+
+class nbinom(NegativeBinomial):
+    """
+    The negative binomial link function.
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    g(p) = log(p/(p + 1/alpha))
+
+    nbinom is an alias of NegativeBinomial.
+    nbinom = NegativeBinomial(alpha=1.)
+    """
+    pass

release/python/0.7.0/crankshaft/crankshaft/regression/glm/tests/test_glm.py

@@ -0,0 +1,993 @@
+"""
+Tests for generalized linear models. Majority of code either directly borrowed
+or closely adapted from statsmodels package. Model results verfiied using glm
+function in R and GLM function in statsmodels.
+"""
+
+__author__ = 'Taylor Oshan tayoshan@gmail.com'
+
+from pysal.contrib.glm.glm import GLM
+from pysal.contrib.glm.family import Gaussian, Poisson, Binomial, QuasiPoisson
+import numpy as np
+import pysal
+import unittest
+import math
+
+
+class TestGaussian(unittest.TestCase):
+    """
+    Tests for Poisson GLM
+    """
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        db = pysal.open(pysal.examples.get_path('columbus.dbf'),'r')
+        y = np.array(db.by_col("HOVAL"))
+        self.y = np.reshape(y, (49,1))
+        X = []
+        X.append(db.by_col("INC"))
+        X.append(db.by_col("CRIME"))
+        self.X = np.array(X).T
+
+    def testIWLS(self):
+        model = GLM(self.y, self.X, family=Gaussian())
+        results = model.fit()
+        self.assertEqual(results.n, 49)
+        self.assertEqual(results.df_model, 2)
+        self.assertEqual(results.df_resid, 46)
+        self.assertEqual(results.aic, 408.73548964604873)
+        self.assertEqual(results.bic, 10467.991340493107)
+        self.assertEqual(results.deviance, 10647.015074206196)
+        self.assertEqual(results.llf, -201.36774482302437)
+        self.assertEqual(results.null_deviance, 16367.794631703124)
+        self.assertEqual(results.scale, 231.45684943926514)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(results.params, [ 46.42818268,   0.62898397,
+            -0.48488854])
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(results.bse, [ 13.19175703,   0.53591045,
+            0.18267291])
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(results.cov_params(), 
+                [[  1.74022453e+02,  -6.52060364e+00,  -2.15109867e+00],
+                [ -6.52060364e+00,   2.87200008e-01,   6.80956787e-02],
+                [ -2.15109867e+00,   6.80956787e-02,   3.33693910e-02]])
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(results.tvalues, [ 3.51948437,  1.17367365,
+            -2.65440864])
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(results.pvalues, [ 0.00043239,  0.24052577,
+            0.00794475], atol=1.0e-8)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(results.conf_int(), 
+                [[ 20.57281401,  72.28355135],
+                [ -0.42138121,   1.67934915],
+                [ -0.84292086,  -0.12685622]])
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(results.normalized_cov_params, 
+                [[  7.51857004e-01,  -2.81720055e-02,  -9.29373521e-03],
+                [ -2.81720055e-02,   1.24083607e-03,   2.94204638e-04],
+                [ -9.29373521e-03,   2.94204638e-04,   1.44171110e-04]])
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(results.mu, 
+                [ 51.08752105,  50.66601521,  41.61367567,  33.53969014,
+                28.90638232,  43.87074227,  51.64910882,  34.92671563,
+                42.69267622,  38.49449134,  20.92815471,  25.25228436,
+                29.78223486,  25.02403635,  29.07959539,  24.63352275,
+                34.71372149,  33.40443052,  27.29864225,  65.86219802,
+                33.69854751,  37.44976435,  50.01304928,  36.81219959,
+                22.02674837,  31.64775955,  27.63563294,  23.7697291 ,
+                22.43119725,  21.76987089,  48.51169321,  49.05891819,
+                32.31656426,  44.20550354,  35.49244888,  51.27811308,
+                36.55047181,  27.37048914,  48.78812922,  57.31744163,
+                51.22914162,  54.70515578,  37.06622277,  44.5075759 ,
+                41.24328983,  49.93821824,  44.85644299,  40.93838609,  47.32045464])
+        self.assertEqual(results.pearson_chi2, 10647.015074206196)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(results.resid_response, 
+                [ 29.37948195,  -6.09901421, -15.26367567,  -0.33968914,
+                -5.68138232, -15.12074227,  23.35089118,   2.19828437,
+                9.90732178,  57.90551066,  -1.22815371,  -5.35228436,
+                11.91776614,  17.87596565, -11.07959539,  -5.83352375,
+                7.03627851,  26.59556948,   3.30135775,  15.40479998,
+                -13.72354751,  -6.99976335,  -2.28004728,  16.38780141,
+                -4.12674837, -11.34776055,   6.46436506,  -0.9197291 ,
+                10.06880275,   0.73012911, -16.71169421,  -8.75891919,
+                -8.71656426, -15.75550254,  -8.49244888, -14.97811408,
+                6.74952719,  -4.67048814,  -9.18813122,   4.63255937,
+                -9.12914362, -10.37215578, -11.36622177, -11.0075759 ,
+                -13.51028983,  26.16177976,  -2.35644299, -14.13838709, -11.52045564])
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(results.resid_working, 
+                [ 29.37948195,  -6.09901421, -15.26367567,  -0.33968914,
+                -5.68138232, -15.12074227,  23.35089118,   2.19828437,
+                9.90732178,  57.90551066,  -1.22815371,  -5.35228436,
+                11.91776614,  17.87596565, -11.07959539,  -5.83352375,
+                7.03627851,  26.59556948,   3.30135775,  15.40479998,
+                -13.72354751,  -6.99976335,  -2.28004728,  16.38780141,
+                -4.12674837, -11.34776055,   6.46436506,  -0.9197291 ,
+                10.06880275,   0.73012911, -16.71169421,  -8.75891919,
+                -8.71656426, -15.75550254,  -8.49244888, -14.97811408,
+                6.74952719,  -4.67048814,  -9.18813122,   4.63255937,
+                -9.12914362, -10.37215578, -11.36622177, -11.0075759 ,
+                -13.51028983,  26.16177976,  -2.35644299, -14.13838709, -11.52045564])
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(results.resid_pearson, 
+                [ 29.37948195,  -6.09901421, -15.26367567,  -0.33968914,
+                -5.68138232, -15.12074227,  23.35089118,   2.19828437,
+                9.90732178,  57.90551066,  -1.22815371,  -5.35228436,
+                11.91776614,  17.87596565, -11.07959539,  -5.83352375,
+                7.03627851,  26.59556948,   3.30135775,  15.40479998,
+                -13.72354751,  -6.99976335,  -2.28004728,  16.38780141,
+                -4.12674837, -11.34776055,   6.46436506,  -0.9197291 ,
+                10.06880275,   0.73012911, -16.71169421,  -8.75891919,
+                -8.71656426, -15.75550254,  -8.49244888, -14.97811408,
+                6.74952719,  -4.67048814,  -9.18813122,   4.63255937,
+                -9.12914362, -10.37215578, -11.36622177, -11.0075759 ,
+                -13.51028983,  26.16177976,  -2.35644299, -14.13838709, -11.52045564])
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(results.resid_anscombe, 
+                [ 29.37948195,  -6.09901421, -15.26367567,  -0.33968914,
+                -5.68138232, -15.12074227,  23.35089118,   2.19828437,
+                9.90732178,  57.90551066,  -1.22815371,  -5.35228436,
+                11.91776614,  17.87596565, -11.07959539,  -5.83352375,
+                7.03627851,  26.59556948,   3.30135775,  15.40479998,
+                -13.72354751,  -6.99976335,  -2.28004728,  16.38780141,
+                -4.12674837, -11.34776055,   6.46436506,  -0.9197291 ,
+                10.06880275,   0.73012911, -16.71169421,  -8.75891919,
+                -8.71656426, -15.75550254,  -8.49244888, -14.97811408,
+                6.74952719,  -4.67048814,  -9.18813122,   4.63255937,
+                -9.12914362, -10.37215578, -11.36622177, -11.0075759 ,
+                -13.51028983,  26.16177976,  -2.35644299, -14.13838709, -11.52045564])
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(results.resid_deviance, 
+                [ 29.37948195,  -6.09901421, -15.26367567,  -0.33968914,
+                -5.68138232, -15.12074227,  23.35089118,   2.19828437,
+                9.90732178,  57.90551066,  -1.22815371,  -5.35228436,
+                11.91776614,  17.87596565, -11.07959539,  -5.83352375,
+                7.03627851,  26.59556948,   3.30135775,  15.40479998,
+                -13.72354751,  -6.99976335,  -2.28004728,  16.38780141,
+                -4.12674837, -11.34776055,   6.46436506,  -0.9197291 ,
+                10.06880275,   0.73012911, -16.71169421,  -8.75891919,
+                -8.71656426, -15.75550254,  -8.49244888, -14.97811408,
+                6.74952719,  -4.67048814,  -9.18813122,   4.63255937,
+                -9.12914362, -10.37215578, -11.36622177, -11.0075759 ,
+                -13.51028983,  26.16177976,  -2.35644299, -14.13838709, -11.52045564])
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(results.null, 
+                [ 38.43622447,  38.43622447,  38.43622447,  38.43622447,
+                38.43622447,  38.43622447,  38.43622447,  38.43622447,
+                38.43622447,  38.43622447,  38.43622447,  38.43622447,
+                38.43622447,  38.43622447,  38.43622447,  38.43622447,
+                38.43622447,  38.43622447,  38.43622447,  38.43622447,
+                38.43622447,  38.43622447,  38.43622447,  38.43622447,
+                38.43622447,  38.43622447,  38.43622447,  38.43622447,
+                38.43622447,  38.43622447,  38.43622447,  38.43622447,
+                38.43622447,  38.43622447,  38.43622447,  38.43622447,
+                38.43622447,  38.43622447,  38.43622447,  38.43622447,
+                38.43622447,  38.43622447,  38.43622447,  38.43622447,
+                38.43622447,  38.43622447,  38.43622447,  38.43622447,  38.43622447])
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(results.D2, .349514377851)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(results.adj_D2, 0.32123239427957673)
+
+class TestPoisson(unittest.TestCase):
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        db = pysal.open(pysal.examples.get_path('columbus.dbf'),'r')
+        y = np.array(db.by_col("HOVAL"))
+        y = np.reshape(y, (49,1))
+        self.y = np.round(y).astype(int)
+        X = []
+        X.append(db.by_col("INC"))
+        X.append(db.by_col("CRIME"))
+        self.X = np.array(X).T
+
+    def testIWLS(self):
+        model = GLM(self.y, self.X, family=Poisson())
+        results = model.fit()
+        self.assertEqual(results.n, 49)
+        self.assertEqual(results.df_model, 2)
+        self.assertEqual(results.df_resid, 46)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(results.aic, 500.85184179938756)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(results.bic, 51.436404535087661)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(results.deviance, 230.46013824817649)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(results.llf, -247.42592089969378)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(results.null_deviance, 376.97293610347361)
+        self.assertEqual(results.scale, 1.0)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(results.params, [ 3.92159085,  0.01183491,
+            -0.01371397], atol=1.0e-8)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(results.bse, [ 0.13049161,  0.00511599,
+            0.00193769], atol=1.0e-8)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(results.cov_params(), 
+                [[  1.70280610e-02,  -6.18628383e-04,  -2.21386966e-04],
+                [ -6.18628383e-04,   2.61733917e-05,   6.77496445e-06],
+                [ -2.21386966e-04,   6.77496445e-06,   3.75463502e-06]])
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(results.tvalues, [ 30.0524361 ,   2.31331634,
+            -7.07748998])
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(results.pvalues, [  2.02901657e-198,
+            2.07052532e-002,   1.46788805e-012])
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(results.conf_int(), 
+                [[  3.66583199e+00,   4.17734972e+00],
+                [  1.80774841e-03,   2.18620753e-02],
+                [ -1.75117666e-02,  -9.91616901e-03]])
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(results.normalized_cov_params, 
+                [[  1.70280610e-02,  -6.18628383e-04,  -2.21386966e-04],
+                [ -6.18628383e-04,   2.61733917e-05,   6.77496445e-06],
+                [ -2.21386966e-04,   6.77496445e-06,   3.75463502e-06]])
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(results.mu, 
+                [ 51.26831574,  50.15022766,  40.06142973,  34.13799739,
+                28.76119226,  42.6836241 ,  55.64593703,  34.08277997,
+                40.90389582,  37.19727958,  23.47459217,  26.12384057,
+                29.78303507,  25.96888223,  29.14073823,  26.04369592,
+                34.18996367,  32.28924005,  27.42284396,  72.69207879,
+                33.05316347,  36.52276972,  49.2551479 ,  35.33439632,
+                24.07252457,  31.67153709,  27.81699478,  25.38021219,
+                24.31759259,  23.13586161,  48.40724678,  48.57969818,
+                31.92596006,  43.3679231 ,  34.32925819,  51.78908089,
+                34.49778584,  27.56236198,  48.34273194,  57.50829097,
+                50.66038226,  54.68701352,  35.77103116,  43.21886784,
+                40.07615759,  49.98658004,  43.13352883,  40.28520774,  46.28910294])
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(results.pearson_chi2, 264.62262932090221)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(results.resid_response, 
+                [ 28.73168426,  -5.15022766, -14.06142973,  -1.13799739,
+                -5.76119226, -13.6836241 ,  19.35406297,   2.91722003,
+                12.09610418,  58.80272042,  -3.47459217,  -6.12384057,
+                12.21696493,  17.03111777, -11.14073823,  -7.04369592,
+                7.81003633,  27.71075995,   3.57715604,   8.30792121,
+                -13.05316347,  -6.52276972,  -1.2551479 ,  17.66560368,
+                -6.07252457, -11.67153709,   6.18300522,  -2.38021219,
+                7.68240741,  -1.13586161, -16.40724678,  -8.57969818,
+                -7.92596006, -15.3679231 ,  -7.32925819, -15.78908089,
+                8.50221416,  -4.56236198,  -8.34273194,   4.49170903,
+                -8.66038226, -10.68701352,  -9.77103116,  -9.21886784,
+                -12.07615759,  26.01341996,  -1.13352883, -13.28520774, -10.28910294])
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(results.resid_working, 
+                [ 1473.02506034,  -258.28508941,  -563.32097891,   -38.84895192,
+                -165.69875817,  -584.06666725,  1076.97496919,    99.42696848,
+                494.77778514,  2187.30123163,   -81.56463405,  -159.97823479,
+                363.858295  ,   442.27909165,  -324.64933645,  -183.44387481,
+                267.02485844,   894.75938   ,    98.09579187,   603.9200634 ,
+                -431.44834594,  -238.2296165 ,   -61.82249568,   624.20344168,
+                -146.18099686,  -369.65551968,   171.99262399,   -60.41029031,
+                186.81765356,   -26.27913713,  -794.22964417,  -416.79914795,
+                -253.04388425,  -666.47490701,  -251.6079969 ,  -817.70198717,
+                293.30756327,  -125.74947222,  -403.31045369,   258.31051005,
+                -438.73827602,  -584.440853  ,  -349.51985996,  -398.42903071,
+                -483.96599444,  1300.32189904,   -48.89309853,  -535.19735391,
+                -476.27334527])
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(results.resid_pearson, 
+                [ 4.01269878, -0.72726045, -2.221602  , -0.19477008, -1.07425881,
+                -2.09445239,  2.59451042,  0.49969118,  1.89131202,  9.64143836,
+                -0.71714142, -1.19813392,  2.23861212,  3.34207756, -2.0637814 ,
+                -1.3802231 ,  1.33568403,  4.87662684,  0.68309584,  0.97442591,
+                -2.27043598, -1.07931992, -0.17884182,  2.97186889, -1.23768025,
+                -2.07392709,  1.1723155 , -0.47246327,  1.55789092, -0.23614708,
+                -2.35819937, -1.23096188, -1.40274877, -2.33362391, -1.25091503,
+                -2.19400568,  1.44755952, -0.8690235 , -1.19989348,  0.59230634,
+                -1.21675413, -1.44515442, -1.63370888, -1.40229988, -1.90759306,
+                3.67934693, -0.17259375, -2.09312684, -1.51230062])
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(results.resid_anscombe, 
+                [ 3.70889134, -0.74031295, -2.37729865, -0.19586855, -1.11374751,
+                -2.22611959,  2.46352013,  0.49282126,  1.80857757,  8.06444452,
+                -0.73610811, -1.25061371,  2.10820431,  3.05467547, -2.22437611,
+                -1.45136173,  1.28939698,  4.35942058,  0.66904552,  0.95674923,
+                -2.45438937, -1.11429881, -0.17961012,  2.76715848, -1.29658591,
+                -2.22816691,  1.13269136, -0.48017382,  1.48562248, -0.23812278,
+                -2.51664399, -1.2703721 , -1.4683091 , -2.49907536, -1.30026484,
+                -2.32398309,  1.39380683, -0.89495368, -1.23735395,  0.58485202,
+                -1.25435224, -1.4968484 , -1.71888038, -1.45756652, -2.01906267,
+                3.41729922, -0.17335867, -2.22921828, -1.57470549])
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(results.resid_deviance, 
+                [ 3.70529668, -0.74027329, -2.37536322, -0.19586751, -1.11349765,
+                -2.22466106,  2.46246446,  0.4928057 ,  1.80799655,  8.02696525,
+                -0.73602255, -1.25021555,  2.10699958,  3.05084608, -2.22214376,
+                -1.45072221,  1.28913747,  4.35106213,  0.6689982 ,  0.95669662,
+                -2.45171913, -1.11410444, -0.17960956,  2.76494217, -1.29609865,
+                -2.22612429,  1.13247453, -0.48015254,  1.48508549, -0.23812   ,
+                -2.51476072, -1.27015583, -1.46777697, -2.49699318, -1.29992892,
+                -2.32263069,  1.39348459, -0.89482132, -1.23715363,  0.58483655,
+                -1.25415329, -1.49653039, -1.7181055 , -1.45719072, -2.01791949,
+                3.41437156, -0.1733581 , -2.22765605, -1.57426046])
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(results.null, 
+                [ 38.42857143,  38.42857143,  38.42857143,  38.42857143,
+                38.42857143,  38.42857143,  38.42857143,  38.42857143,
+                38.42857143,  38.42857143,  38.42857143,  38.42857143,
+                38.42857143,  38.42857143,  38.42857143,  38.42857143,
+                38.42857143,  38.42857143,  38.42857143,  38.42857143,
+                38.42857143,  38.42857143,  38.42857143,  38.42857143,
+                38.42857143,  38.42857143,  38.42857143,  38.42857143,
+                38.42857143,  38.42857143,  38.42857143,  38.42857143,
+                38.42857143,  38.42857143,  38.42857143,  38.42857143,
+                38.42857143,  38.42857143,  38.42857143,  38.42857143,
+                38.42857143,  38.42857143,  38.42857143,  38.42857143,
+                38.42857143,  38.42857143,  38.42857143,  38.42857143,  38.42857143])
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(results.D2, .388656011675)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(results.adj_D2, 0.36207583826952761)#.375648692774)
+
+    def testQuasi(self):
+        model = GLM(self.y, self.X, family=QuasiPoisson())
+        results = model.fit()
+        self.assertEqual(results.n, 49)
+        self.assertEqual(results.df_model, 2)
+        self.assertEqual(results.df_resid, 46)
+        self.assertTrue(math.isnan(results.aic))
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(results.bic, 51.436404535087661)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(results.deviance, 230.46013824817649)
+        self.assertTrue(math.isnan(results.llf))
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(results.null_deviance, 376.97293610347361)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(results.scale, 5.7526658548022223)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(results.params, [ 3.92159085,  0.01183491,
+            -0.01371397], atol=1.0e-8)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(results.bse, [ 0.31298042,  0.01227057,
+            0.00464749], atol=1.0e-8)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(results.cov_params(), 
+                [[  9.79567451e-02,  -3.55876238e-03,  -1.27356524e-03],
+                [ -3.55876238e-03,   1.50566777e-04,   3.89741067e-05],
+                [ -1.27356524e-03,   3.89741067e-05,   2.15991606e-05]])
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(results.tvalues, [ 12.52982796,   0.96449604,
+            -2.95083339])
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(results.pvalues, [  5.12737770e-36,
+            3.34797291e-01,   3.16917819e-03])
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(results.conf_int(), 
+                [[ 3.3081605 ,  4.53502121],
+                [-0.01221495,  0.03588478],
+                [-0.02282288, -0.00460506]], atol=1.0e-8)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(results.normalized_cov_params, 
+                [[  1.70280610e-02,  -6.18628383e-04,  -2.21386966e-04],
+                [ -6.18628383e-04,   2.61733917e-05,   6.77496445e-06],
+                [ -2.21386966e-04,   6.77496445e-06,   3.75463502e-06]])
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(results.mu, 
+                [ 51.26831574,  50.15022766,  40.06142973,  34.13799739,
+                28.76119226,  42.6836241 ,  55.64593703,  34.08277997,
+                40.90389582,  37.19727958,  23.47459217,  26.12384057,
+                29.78303507,  25.96888223,  29.14073823,  26.04369592,
+                34.18996367,  32.28924005,  27.42284396,  72.69207879,
+                33.05316347,  36.52276972,  49.2551479 ,  35.33439632,
+                24.07252457,  31.67153709,  27.81699478,  25.38021219,
+                24.31759259,  23.13586161,  48.40724678,  48.57969818,
+                31.92596006,  43.3679231 ,  34.32925819,  51.78908089,
+                34.49778584,  27.56236198,  48.34273194,  57.50829097,
+                50.66038226,  54.68701352,  35.77103116,  43.21886784,
+                40.07615759,  49.98658004,  43.13352883,  40.28520774,  46.28910294])
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(results.pearson_chi2, 264.62262932090221)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(results.resid_response, 
+                [ 28.73168426,  -5.15022766, -14.06142973,  -1.13799739,
+                -5.76119226, -13.6836241 ,  19.35406297,   2.91722003,
+                12.09610418,  58.80272042,  -3.47459217,  -6.12384057,
+                12.21696493,  17.03111777, -11.14073823,  -7.04369592,
+                7.81003633,  27.71075995,   3.57715604,   8.30792121,
+                -13.05316347,  -6.52276972,  -1.2551479 ,  17.66560368,
+                -6.07252457, -11.67153709,   6.18300522,  -2.38021219,
+                7.68240741,  -1.13586161, -16.40724678,  -8.57969818,
+                -7.92596006, -15.3679231 ,  -7.32925819, -15.78908089,
+                8.50221416,  -4.56236198,  -8.34273194,   4.49170903,
+                -8.66038226, -10.68701352,  -9.77103116,  -9.21886784,
+                -12.07615759,  26.01341996,  -1.13352883, -13.28520774, -10.28910294])
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(results.resid_working, 
+                [ 1473.02506034,  -258.28508941,  -563.32097891,   -38.84895192,
+                -165.69875817,  -584.06666725,  1076.97496919,    99.42696848,
+                494.77778514,  2187.30123163,   -81.56463405,  -159.97823479,
+                363.858295  ,   442.27909165,  -324.64933645,  -183.44387481,
+                267.02485844,   894.75938   ,    98.09579187,   603.9200634 ,
+                -431.44834594,  -238.2296165 ,   -61.82249568,   624.20344168,
+                -146.18099686,  -369.65551968,   171.99262399,   -60.41029031,
+                186.81765356,   -26.27913713,  -794.22964417,  -416.79914795,
+                -253.04388425,  -666.47490701,  -251.6079969 ,  -817.70198717,
+                293.30756327,  -125.74947222,  -403.31045369,   258.31051005,
+                -438.73827602,  -584.440853  ,  -349.51985996,  -398.42903071,
+                -483.96599444,  1300.32189904,   -48.89309853,  -535.19735391,
+                -476.27334527])
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(results.resid_pearson, 
+                [ 4.01269878, -0.72726045, -2.221602  , -0.19477008, -1.07425881,
+                -2.09445239,  2.59451042,  0.49969118,  1.89131202,  9.64143836,
+                -0.71714142, -1.19813392,  2.23861212,  3.34207756, -2.0637814 ,
+                -1.3802231 ,  1.33568403,  4.87662684,  0.68309584,  0.97442591,
+                -2.27043598, -1.07931992, -0.17884182,  2.97186889, -1.23768025,
+                -2.07392709,  1.1723155 , -0.47246327,  1.55789092, -0.23614708,
+                -2.35819937, -1.23096188, -1.40274877, -2.33362391, -1.25091503,
+                -2.19400568,  1.44755952, -0.8690235 , -1.19989348,  0.59230634,
+                -1.21675413, -1.44515442, -1.63370888, -1.40229988, -1.90759306,
+                3.67934693, -0.17259375, -2.09312684, -1.51230062])
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(results.resid_anscombe, 
+                [ 3.70889134, -0.74031295, -2.37729865, -0.19586855, -1.11374751,
+                -2.22611959,  2.46352013,  0.49282126,  1.80857757,  8.06444452,
+                -0.73610811, -1.25061371,  2.10820431,  3.05467547, -2.22437611,
+                -1.45136173,  1.28939698,  4.35942058,  0.66904552,  0.95674923,
+                -2.45438937, -1.11429881, -0.17961012,  2.76715848, -1.29658591,
+                -2.22816691,  1.13269136, -0.48017382,  1.48562248, -0.23812278,
+                -2.51664399, -1.2703721 , -1.4683091 , -2.49907536, -1.30026484,
+                -2.32398309,  1.39380683, -0.89495368, -1.23735395,  0.58485202,
+                -1.25435224, -1.4968484 , -1.71888038, -1.45756652, -2.01906267,
+                3.41729922, -0.17335867, -2.22921828, -1.57470549])
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(results.resid_deviance, 
+                [ 3.70529668, -0.74027329, -2.37536322, -0.19586751, -1.11349765,
+                -2.22466106,  2.46246446,  0.4928057 ,  1.80799655,  8.02696525,
+                -0.73602255, -1.25021555,  2.10699958,  3.05084608, -2.22214376,
+                -1.45072221,  1.28913747,  4.35106213,  0.6689982 ,  0.95669662,
+                -2.45171913, -1.11410444, -0.17960956,  2.76494217, -1.29609865,
+                -2.22612429,  1.13247453, -0.48015254,  1.48508549, -0.23812   ,
+                -2.51476072, -1.27015583, -1.46777697, -2.49699318, -1.29992892,
+                -2.32263069,  1.39348459, -0.89482132, -1.23715363,  0.58483655,
+                -1.25415329, -1.49653039, -1.7181055 , -1.45719072, -2.01791949,
+                3.41437156, -0.1733581 , -2.22765605, -1.57426046])
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(results.null, 
+                [ 38.42857143,  38.42857143,  38.42857143,  38.42857143,
+                38.42857143,  38.42857143,  38.42857143,  38.42857143,
+                38.42857143,  38.42857143,  38.42857143,  38.42857143,
+                38.42857143,  38.42857143,  38.42857143,  38.42857143,
+                38.42857143,  38.42857143,  38.42857143,  38.42857143,
+                38.42857143,  38.42857143,  38.42857143,  38.42857143,
+                38.42857143,  38.42857143,  38.42857143,  38.42857143,
+                38.42857143,  38.42857143,  38.42857143,  38.42857143,
+                38.42857143,  38.42857143,  38.42857143,  38.42857143,
+                38.42857143,  38.42857143,  38.42857143,  38.42857143,
+                38.42857143,  38.42857143,  38.42857143,  38.42857143,
+                38.42857143,  38.42857143,  38.42857143,  38.42857143,  38.42857143])
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(results.D2, .388656011675)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(results.adj_D2, 0.36207583826952761)
+
+class TestBinomial(unittest.TestCase):
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        #London house price data
+        #y: 'BATH2'
+        y = np.array([0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0,
+            0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+            0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+            0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+            0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+            0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+            0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+            0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+            0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1,
+            0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+            0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0,
+            0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+            0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0,
+            0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0])
+       	self.y = y.reshape((316,1))
+        #X: 'FLOORSZ'
+       	X = np.array([ 77,  75,  64,  95, 107, 100,  81, 151,  98, 260, 171, 161,  91,
+            80,  50,  85,  52,  69,  60,  84, 155,  97,  69, 126,  90,  43,
+            51,  41, 140,  80,  52,  86,  66,  60,  40, 155, 138,  97, 115,
+            148, 206,  60,  53,  96,  88, 160,  31,  43, 154,  60, 131,  60,
+            46,  61, 125, 150,  76,  92,  96, 100, 105,  72,  48,  41,  72,
+            65,  60,  65,  98,  33, 144, 111,  91, 108,  38,  48,  95,  63,
+            98, 129, 108,  51, 131,  66,  48, 127,  76,  68,  52,  64,  57,
+            121,  67,  76, 112,  96,  90,  53,  93,  64,  97,  58,  44, 157,
+            53,  70,  71, 167,  47,  70,  96,  77,  75,  71,  67,  47,  71,
+            90,  69,  64,  65,  95,  60,  60,  65,  54, 121, 105,  50,  85,
+            69,  69,  62,  65,  93,  93,  70,  62, 155,  68, 117,  80,  80,
+            75,  98, 114,  86,  70,  50,  51, 163, 124,  59,  95,  51,  63,
+            85,  53,  46, 102, 114,  83,  47,  40,  63, 123, 100,  63, 110,
+            79,  98,  99, 120,  52,  48,  37,  81,  30,  88,  50,  35, 116,
+            67,  45,  80,  86, 109,  59,  75,  60,  71, 141, 121,  50, 168,
+            90,  51, 133,  75, 133, 127,  37,  68, 105,  61, 123, 151, 110,
+            77, 220,  94,  77,  70, 100,  98, 126,  55, 105,  60, 176, 104,
+            68,  62,  70,  48, 102,  80,  97,  66,  80, 102, 160,  55,  60,
+            71, 125,  85,  85, 190, 137,  48,  41,  42,  51,  57,  60, 114,
+            88,  84, 108,  66,  85,  42,  98,  90, 127, 100,  55,  76,  82,
+            63,  80,  71,  76, 121, 109,  92, 160, 109, 185, 100,  90,  90,
+            86,  88,  95, 116, 135,  61,  74,  60, 235,  76,  66, 100,  49,
+            50,  37, 100,  88,  90,  52,  95,  81,  79,  96,  75,  91,  86,
+            83, 180, 108,  80,  96,  49, 117, 117,  86,  46,  66,  95,  57,
+            120, 137,  68, 240])
+        self.X = X.reshape((316,1))
+
+    def testIWLS(self):
+        model = GLM(self.y, self.X, family=Binomial())
+        results = model.fit()
+        self.assertEqual(results.n, 316)
+        self.assertEqual(results.df_model, 1)
+        self.assertEqual(results.df_resid, 314)
+        self.assertEqual(results.aic, 155.19347530342466)
+        self.assertEqual(results.bic, -1656.1095797628657)
+        self.assertEqual(results.deviance, 151.19347530342466)
+        self.assertEqual(results.llf, -75.596737651712331)
+        self.assertEqual(results.null_deviance, 189.16038985881212)
+        self.assertEqual(results.scale, 1.0)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(results.params, [-5.33638276,  0.0287754 ])
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(results.bse, [ 0.64499904,  0.00518312],
+                atol=1.0e-8)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(results.cov_params(), 
+            [[  4.16023762e-01,  -3.14338457e-03],
+            [ -3.14338457e-03,   2.68646833e-05]])
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(results.tvalues, [-8.27347396,  5.55175826])
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(results.pvalues, [  1.30111233e-16,
+            2.82810512e-08])
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(results.conf_int(), 
+            [[-6.60055765, -4.07220787],
+            [ 0.01861668,  0.03893412]], atol=1.0e-8)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(results.normalized_cov_params, 
+            [[  4.16023762e-01,  -3.14338457e-03],
+            [ -3.14338457e-03,   2.68646833e-05]])
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(results.mu, 
+            [ 0.04226237,  0.03999333,  0.02946178,  0.0689636 ,  0.09471181,
+            0.07879431,  0.04717464,  0.27065598,  0.07471691,  0.89522144,
+            0.39752487,  0.33102718,  0.06192993,  0.04589793,  0.01988679,
+            0.0526265 ,  0.02104007,  0.03386636,  0.02634295,  0.05121018,
+            0.29396682,  0.07275173,  0.03386636,  0.15307528,  0.06027915,
+            0.01631789,  0.02045547,  0.01541937,  0.2128508 ,  0.04589793,
+            0.02104007,  0.05407977,  0.0311527 ,  0.02634295,  0.01498855,
+            0.29396682,  0.20336776,  0.07275173,  0.11637537,  0.25395607,
+            0.64367488,  0.02634295,  0.02164101,  0.07083428,  0.05710047,
+            0.32468619,  0.01160845,  0.01631789,  0.28803008,  0.02634295,
+            0.17267234,  0.02634295,  0.01776301,  0.02709115,  0.14938186,
+            0.26501331,  0.04111287,  0.06362285,  0.07083428,  0.07879431,
+            0.08989109,  0.03680743,  0.0187955 ,  0.01541937,  0.03680743,
+            0.03029581,  0.02634295,  0.03029581,  0.07471691,  0.01228768,
+            0.23277197,  0.10505173,  0.06192993,  0.09720799,  0.01416217,
+            0.0187955 ,  0.0689636 ,  0.02865003,  0.07471691,  0.16460503,
+            0.09720799,  0.02045547,  0.17267234,  0.0311527 ,  0.0187955 ,
+            0.15684317,  0.04111287,  0.03293737,  0.02104007,  0.02946178,
+            0.02421701,  0.1353385 ,  0.03203302,  0.04111287,  0.10778798,
+            0.07083428,  0.06027915,  0.02164101,  0.06535882,  0.02946178,
+            0.07275173,  0.02490638,  0.01678627,  0.30605146,  0.02164101,
+            0.03482061,  0.03580075,  0.37030921,  0.0182721 ,  0.03482061,
+            0.07083428,  0.04226237,  0.03999333,  0.03580075,  0.03203302,
+            0.0182721 ,  0.03580075,  0.06027915,  0.03386636,  0.02946178,
+            0.03029581,  0.0689636 ,  0.02634295,  0.02634295,  0.03029581,
+            0.02225873,  0.1353385 ,  0.08989109,  0.01988679,  0.0526265 ,
+            0.03386636,  0.03386636,  0.02786   ,  0.03029581,  0.06535882,
+            0.06535882,  0.03482061,  0.02786   ,  0.29396682,  0.03293737,
+            0.12242534,  0.04589793,  0.04589793,  0.03999333,  0.07471691,
+            0.11344884,  0.05407977,  0.03482061,  0.01988679,  0.02045547,
+            0.34389327,  0.14576223,  0.02561486,  0.0689636 ,  0.02045547,
+            0.02865003,  0.0526265 ,  0.02164101,  0.01776301,  0.08307425,
+            0.11344884,  0.04982997,  0.0182721 ,  0.01498855,  0.02865003,
+            0.14221564,  0.07879431,  0.02865003,  0.10237696,  0.04465416,
+            0.07471691,  0.07673078,  0.13200634,  0.02104007,  0.0187955 ,
+            0.01376599,  0.04717464,  0.01128289,  0.05710047,  0.01988679,
+            0.01300612,  0.11936722,  0.03203302,  0.01726786,  0.04589793,
+            0.05407977,  0.09976271,  0.02561486,  0.03999333,  0.02634295,
+            0.03580075,  0.21771181,  0.1353385 ,  0.01988679,  0.37704374,
+            0.06027915,  0.02045547,  0.18104935,  0.03999333,  0.18104935,
+            0.15684317,  0.01376599,  0.03293737,  0.08989109,  0.02709115,
+            0.14221564,  0.27065598,  0.10237696,  0.04226237,  0.72991785,
+            0.06713876,  0.04226237,  0.03482061,  0.07879431,  0.07471691,
+            0.15307528,  0.02289366,  0.08989109,  0.02634295,  0.43243779,
+            0.08756457,  0.03293737,  0.02786   ,  0.03482061,  0.0187955 ,
+            0.08307425,  0.04589793,  0.07275173,  0.0311527 ,  0.04589793,
+            0.08307425,  0.32468619,  0.02289366,  0.02634295,  0.03580075,
+            0.14938186,  0.0526265 ,  0.0526265 ,  0.53268924,  0.19874565,
+            0.0187955 ,  0.01541937,  0.01586237,  0.02045547,  0.02421701,
+            0.02634295,  0.11344884,  0.05710047,  0.05121018,  0.09720799,
+            0.0311527 ,  0.0526265 ,  0.01586237,  0.07471691,  0.06027915,
+            0.15684317,  0.07879431,  0.02289366,  0.04111287,  0.04848506,
+            0.02865003,  0.04589793,  0.03580075,  0.04111287,  0.1353385 ,
+            0.09976271,  0.06362285,  0.32468619,  0.09976271,  0.49676673,
+            0.07879431,  0.06027915,  0.06027915,  0.05407977,  0.05710047,
+            0.0689636 ,  0.11936722,  0.18973955,  0.02709115,  0.03890304,
+            0.02634295,  0.80625182,  0.04111287,  0.0311527 ,  0.07879431,
+            0.0193336 ,  0.01988679,  0.01376599,  0.07879431,  0.05710047,
+            0.06027915,  0.02104007,  0.0689636 ,  0.04717464,  0.04465416,
+            0.07083428,  0.03999333,  0.06192993,  0.05407977,  0.04982997,
+            0.46087756,  0.09720799,  0.04589793,  0.07083428,  0.0193336 ,
+            0.12242534,  0.12242534,  0.05407977,  0.01776301,  0.0311527 ,
+            0.0689636 ,  0.02421701,  0.13200634,  0.19874565,  0.03293737,
+            0.82774282], atol=1.0e-8)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(results.pearson_chi2, 271.21110541713801)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(results.resid_response, 
+            [-0.04226237, -0.03999333, -0.02946178, -0.0689636 , -0.09471181,
+            -0.07879431, -0.04717464, -0.27065598, -0.07471691,  0.10477856,
+            -0.39752487,  0.66897282, -0.06192993, -0.04589793, -0.01988679,
+            -0.0526265 , -0.02104007, -0.03386636, -0.02634295, -0.05121018,
+            -0.29396682,  0.92724827, -0.03386636, -0.15307528, -0.06027915,
+            -0.01631789, -0.02045547, -0.01541937, -0.2128508 , -0.04589793,
+            -0.02104007, -0.05407977, -0.0311527 , -0.02634295, -0.01498855,
+            -0.29396682,  0.79663224, -0.07275173, -0.11637537,  0.74604393,
+            -0.64367488, -0.02634295, -0.02164101, -0.07083428, -0.05710047,
+            -0.32468619, -0.01160845, -0.01631789, -0.28803008, -0.02634295,
+            -0.17267234, -0.02634295, -0.01776301, -0.02709115,  0.85061814,
+            0.73498669, -0.04111287, -0.06362285, -0.07083428, -0.07879431,
+            0.91010891, -0.03680743, -0.0187955 , -0.01541937, -0.03680743,
+            -0.03029581, -0.02634295, -0.03029581, -0.07471691, -0.01228768,
+            0.76722803, -0.10505173, -0.06192993, -0.09720799, -0.01416217,
+            -0.0187955 , -0.0689636 , -0.02865003, -0.07471691, -0.16460503,
+            -0.09720799, -0.02045547,  0.82732766, -0.0311527 , -0.0187955 ,
+            -0.15684317, -0.04111287, -0.03293737, -0.02104007, -0.02946178,
+            -0.02421701, -0.1353385 , -0.03203302, -0.04111287, -0.10778798,
+            -0.07083428, -0.06027915, -0.02164101, -0.06535882, -0.02946178,
+            -0.07275173, -0.02490638, -0.01678627, -0.30605146, -0.02164101,
+            -0.03482061, -0.03580075,  0.62969079, -0.0182721 , -0.03482061,
+            -0.07083428, -0.04226237, -0.03999333, -0.03580075, -0.03203302,
+            -0.0182721 , -0.03580075, -0.06027915, -0.03386636, -0.02946178,
+            -0.03029581, -0.0689636 , -0.02634295, -0.02634295, -0.03029581,
+            -0.02225873, -0.1353385 , -0.08989109, -0.01988679, -0.0526265 ,
+            -0.03386636, -0.03386636, -0.02786   , -0.03029581, -0.06535882,
+            -0.06535882, -0.03482061, -0.02786   , -0.29396682, -0.03293737,
+            -0.12242534, -0.04589793, -0.04589793, -0.03999333, -0.07471691,
+            -0.11344884, -0.05407977, -0.03482061, -0.01988679, -0.02045547,
+            0.65610673,  0.85423777, -0.02561486, -0.0689636 , -0.02045547,
+            -0.02865003, -0.0526265 , -0.02164101, -0.01776301, -0.08307425,
+            -0.11344884, -0.04982997, -0.0182721 , -0.01498855, -0.02865003,
+            -0.14221564, -0.07879431, -0.02865003, -0.10237696, -0.04465416,
+            -0.07471691, -0.07673078, -0.13200634, -0.02104007, -0.0187955 ,
+            -0.01376599, -0.04717464, -0.01128289,  0.94289953, -0.01988679,
+            -0.01300612, -0.11936722, -0.03203302, -0.01726786, -0.04589793,
+            -0.05407977, -0.09976271, -0.02561486, -0.03999333, -0.02634295,
+            -0.03580075, -0.21771181,  0.8646615 , -0.01988679,  0.62295626,
+            -0.06027915, -0.02045547, -0.18104935,  0.96000667, -0.18104935,
+            -0.15684317, -0.01376599, -0.03293737, -0.08989109, -0.02709115,
+            -0.14221564,  0.72934402, -0.10237696, -0.04226237, -0.72991785,
+            -0.06713876, -0.04226237, -0.03482061, -0.07879431, -0.07471691,
+            -0.15307528,  0.97710634,  0.91010891, -0.02634295, -0.43243779,
+            -0.08756457, -0.03293737, -0.02786   , -0.03482061, -0.0187955 ,
+             0.91692575, -0.04589793, -0.07275173, -0.0311527 , -0.04589793,
+            -0.08307425,  0.67531381, -0.02289366, -0.02634295, -0.03580075,
+            -0.14938186, -0.0526265 , -0.0526265 ,  0.46731076, -0.19874565,
+            -0.0187955 , -0.01541937, -0.01586237, -0.02045547, -0.02421701,
+            -0.02634295, -0.11344884, -0.05710047, -0.05121018, -0.09720799,
+            0.9688473 , -0.0526265 , -0.01586237, -0.07471691, -0.06027915,
+            -0.15684317, -0.07879431, -0.02289366, -0.04111287, -0.04848506,
+            -0.02865003, -0.04589793, -0.03580075, -0.04111287, -0.1353385 ,
+            -0.09976271, -0.06362285,  0.67531381, -0.09976271, -0.49676673,
+            -0.07879431, -0.06027915, -0.06027915, -0.05407977, -0.05710047,
+            -0.0689636 , -0.11936722, -0.18973955, -0.02709115, -0.03890304,
+            -0.02634295,  0.19374818, -0.04111287, -0.0311527 , -0.07879431,
+            -0.0193336 , -0.01988679, -0.01376599, -0.07879431,  0.94289953,
+            -0.06027915, -0.02104007, -0.0689636 , -0.04717464, -0.04465416,
+            0.92916572, -0.03999333, -0.06192993, -0.05407977, -0.04982997,
+            -0.46087756, -0.09720799, -0.04589793, -0.07083428, -0.0193336 ,
+            -0.12242534, -0.12242534, -0.05407977, -0.01776301, -0.0311527 ,
+            -0.0689636 , -0.02421701, -0.13200634, -0.19874565, -0.03293737,
+            -0.82774282], atol=1.0e-8)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(results.resid_working, 
+            [ -1.71062283e-03,  -1.53549840e-03,  -8.42423701e-04,
+            -4.42798906e-03,  -8.12073047e-03,  -5.71934606e-03,
+            -2.12046213e-03,  -5.34278480e-02,  -5.16550074e-03,
+            9.82823035e-03,  -9.52067472e-02,   1.48142818e-01,
+            -3.59779501e-03,  -2.00993083e-03,  -3.87619325e-04,
+            -2.62379729e-03,  -4.33370579e-04,  -1.10808799e-03,
+            -6.75670103e-04,  -2.48818484e-03,  -6.10129090e-02,
+            6.25511612e-02,  -1.10808799e-03,  -1.98451739e-02,
+            -3.41454749e-03,  -2.61928659e-04,  -4.09867263e-04,
+            -2.34090923e-04,  -3.56621577e-02,  -2.00993083e-03,
+            -4.33370579e-04,  -2.76645832e-03,  -9.40257152e-04,
+            -6.75670103e-04,  -2.21289369e-04,  -6.10129090e-02,
+            1.29061842e-01,  -4.90775251e-03,  -1.19671283e-02,
+            1.41347263e-01,  -1.47631680e-01,  -6.75670103e-04,
+            -4.58198217e-04,  -4.66208406e-03,  -3.07429001e-03,
+            -7.11923401e-02,  -1.33191898e-04,  -2.61928659e-04,
+            -5.90659690e-02,  -6.75670103e-04,  -2.46673839e-02,
+            -6.75670103e-04,  -3.09919962e-04,  -7.14047519e-04,
+            1.08085429e-01,   1.43161630e-01,  -1.62077632e-03,
+            -3.79032977e-03,  -4.66208406e-03,  -5.71934606e-03,
+            7.44566288e-02,  -1.30492035e-03,  -3.46630910e-04,
+            -2.34090923e-04,  -1.30492035e-03,  -8.90029618e-04,
+            -6.75670103e-04,  -8.90029618e-04,  -5.16550074e-03,
+            -1.49131762e-04,   1.37018624e-01,  -9.87652847e-03,
+            -3.59779501e-03,  -8.53083698e-03,  -1.97726627e-04,
+            -3.46630910e-04,  -4.42798906e-03,  -7.97307494e-04,
+            -5.16550074e-03,  -2.26348718e-02,  -8.53083698e-03,
+            -4.09867263e-04,   1.18189219e-01,  -9.40257152e-04,
+            -3.46630910e-04,  -2.07414715e-02,  -1.62077632e-03,
+            -1.04913757e-03,  -4.33370579e-04,  -8.42423701e-04,
+            -5.72261321e-04,  -1.58375811e-02,  -9.93244730e-04,
+            -1.62077632e-03,  -1.03659408e-02,  -4.66208406e-03,
+            -3.41454749e-03,  -4.58198217e-04,  -3.99257703e-03,
+            -8.42423701e-04,  -4.90775251e-03,  -6.04877746e-04,
+            -2.77048947e-04,  -6.50004229e-02,  -4.58198217e-04,
+            -1.17025566e-03,  -1.23580799e-03,   1.46831486e-01,
+            -3.27769165e-04,  -1.17025566e-03,  -4.66208406e-03,
+            -1.71062283e-03,  -1.53549840e-03,  -1.23580799e-03,
+            -9.93244730e-04,  -3.27769165e-04,  -1.23580799e-03,
+            -3.41454749e-03,  -1.10808799e-03,  -8.42423701e-04,
+            -8.90029618e-04,  -4.42798906e-03,  -6.75670103e-04,
+            -6.75670103e-04,  -8.90029618e-04,  -4.84422741e-04,
+            -1.58375811e-02,  -7.35405096e-03,  -3.87619325e-04,
+            -2.62379729e-03,  -1.10808799e-03,  -1.10808799e-03,
+            -7.54555329e-04,  -8.90029618e-04,  -3.99257703e-03,
+            -3.99257703e-03,  -1.17025566e-03,  -7.54555329e-04,
+            -6.10129090e-02,  -1.04913757e-03,  -1.31530576e-02,
+            -2.00993083e-03,  -2.00993083e-03,  -1.53549840e-03,
+            -5.16550074e-03,  -1.14104800e-02,  -2.76645832e-03,
+            -1.17025566e-03,  -3.87619325e-04,  -4.09867263e-04,
+            1.48037813e-01,   1.06365931e-01,  -6.39314594e-04,
+            -4.42798906e-03,  -4.09867263e-04,  -7.97307494e-04,
+            -2.62379729e-03,  -4.58198217e-04,  -3.09919962e-04,
+            -6.32800839e-03,  -1.14104800e-02,  -2.35929680e-03,
+            -3.27769165e-04,  -2.21289369e-04,  -7.97307494e-04,
+            -1.73489362e-02,  -5.71934606e-03,  -7.97307494e-04,
+            -9.40802551e-03,  -1.90495384e-03,  -5.16550074e-03,
+            -5.43585191e-03,  -1.51253748e-02,  -4.33370579e-04,
+            -3.46630910e-04,  -1.86893696e-04,  -2.12046213e-03,
+            -1.25867293e-04,   5.07657192e-02,  -3.87619325e-04,
+            -1.66959104e-04,  -1.25477263e-02,  -9.93244730e-04,
+            -2.93030065e-04,  -2.00993083e-03,  -2.76645832e-03,
+            -8.95970087e-03,  -6.39314594e-04,  -1.53549840e-03,
+            -6.75670103e-04,  -1.23580799e-03,  -3.70792339e-02,
+            1.01184411e-01,  -3.87619325e-04,   1.46321062e-01,
+            -3.41454749e-03,  -4.09867263e-04,  -2.68442736e-02,
+            3.68583645e-02,  -2.68442736e-02,  -2.07414715e-02,
+            -1.86893696e-04,  -1.04913757e-03,  -7.35405096e-03,
+            -7.14047519e-04,  -1.73489362e-02,   1.43973473e-01,
+            -9.40802551e-03,  -1.71062283e-03,  -1.43894386e-01,
+            -4.20497779e-03,  -1.71062283e-03,  -1.17025566e-03,
+            -5.71934606e-03,  -5.16550074e-03,  -1.98451739e-02,
+            2.18574168e-02,   7.44566288e-02,  -6.75670103e-04,
+            -1.06135519e-01,  -6.99614755e-03,  -1.04913757e-03,
+            -7.54555329e-04,  -1.17025566e-03,  -3.46630910e-04,
+            6.98449121e-02,  -2.00993083e-03,  -4.90775251e-03,
+            -9.40257152e-04,  -2.00993083e-03,  -6.32800839e-03,
+            1.48072729e-01,  -5.12120512e-04,  -6.75670103e-04,
+            -1.23580799e-03,  -1.89814939e-02,  -2.62379729e-03,
+            -2.62379729e-03,   1.16328328e-01,  -3.16494123e-02,
+            -3.46630910e-04,  -2.34090923e-04,  -2.47623705e-04,
+            -4.09867263e-04,  -5.72261321e-04,  -6.75670103e-04,
+            -1.14104800e-02,  -3.07429001e-03,  -2.48818484e-03,
+            -8.53083698e-03,   2.92419496e-02,  -2.62379729e-03,
+            -2.47623705e-04,  -5.16550074e-03,  -3.41454749e-03,
+            -2.07414715e-02,  -5.71934606e-03,  -5.12120512e-04,
+            -1.62077632e-03,  -2.23682205e-03,  -7.97307494e-04,
+            -2.00993083e-03,  -1.23580799e-03,  -1.62077632e-03,
+            -1.58375811e-02,  -8.95970087e-03,  -3.79032977e-03,
+            1.48072729e-01,  -8.95970087e-03,  -1.24186489e-01,
+            -5.71934606e-03,  -3.41454749e-03,  -3.41454749e-03,
+            -2.76645832e-03,  -3.07429001e-03,  -4.42798906e-03,
+            -1.25477263e-02,  -2.91702648e-02,  -7.14047519e-04,
+            -1.45456868e-03,  -6.75670103e-04,   3.02653681e-02,
+            -1.62077632e-03,  -9.40257152e-04,  -5.71934606e-03,
+            -3.66561274e-04,  -3.87619325e-04,  -1.86893696e-04,
+            -5.71934606e-03,   5.07657192e-02,  -3.41454749e-03,
+            -4.33370579e-04,  -4.42798906e-03,  -2.12046213e-03,
+            -1.90495384e-03,   6.11546973e-02,  -1.53549840e-03,
+            -3.59779501e-03,  -2.76645832e-03,  -2.35929680e-03,
+            -1.14513988e-01,  -8.53083698e-03,  -2.00993083e-03,
+            -4.66208406e-03,  -3.66561274e-04,  -1.31530576e-02,
+            -1.31530576e-02,  -2.76645832e-03,  -3.09919962e-04,
+            -9.40257152e-04,  -4.42798906e-03,  -5.72261321e-04,
+            -1.51253748e-02,  -3.16494123e-02,  -1.04913757e-03,
+            -1.18023417e-01])
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(results.resid_pearson, 
+            [-0.21006498, -0.20410641, -0.17423009, -0.27216147, -0.3234511 ,
+            -0.29246179, -0.22250903, -0.60917574, -0.28416602,  0.3421141 ,
+            -0.81229277,  1.42158361, -0.25694055, -0.21933056, -0.142444  ,
+            -0.23569027, -0.14660243, -0.18722578, -0.16448609, -0.2323235 ,
+            -0.64526275,  3.57006696, -0.18722578, -0.42513819, -0.25327023,
+            -0.12879668, -0.14450826, -0.12514332, -0.5200069 , -0.21933056,
+            -0.14660243, -0.23910582, -0.17931646, -0.16448609, -0.12335569,
+            -0.64526275,  1.97919183, -0.28010679, -0.36290807,  1.71396874,
+            -1.3440334 , -0.16448609, -0.14872695, -0.27610555, -0.24608613,
+            -0.69339243, -0.1083734 , -0.12879668, -0.63604537, -0.16448609,
+            -0.45684893, -0.16448609, -0.13447767, -0.16686977,  2.3862634 ,
+            1.66535145, -0.20706426, -0.26066405, -0.27610555, -0.29246179,
+            3.18191348, -0.19548397, -0.13840353, -0.12514332, -0.19548397,
+            -0.17675498, -0.16448609, -0.17675498, -0.28416602, -0.11153719,
+            1.81550268, -0.34261205, -0.25694055, -0.32813846, -0.11985666,
+            -0.13840353, -0.27216147, -0.17174127, -0.28416602, -0.44389026,
+            -0.32813846, -0.14450826,  2.18890738, -0.17931646, -0.13840353,
+            -0.43129917, -0.20706426, -0.18455132, -0.14660243, -0.17423009,
+            -0.1575374 , -0.39562855, -0.18191506, -0.20706426, -0.34757708,
+            -0.27610555, -0.25327023, -0.14872695, -0.26444152, -0.17423009,
+            -0.28010679, -0.15982038, -0.13066317, -0.66410018, -0.14872695,
+            -0.189939  , -0.19269154,  1.30401147, -0.13642648, -0.189939  ,
+            -0.27610555, -0.21006498, -0.20410641, -0.19269154, -0.18191506,
+            -0.13642648, -0.19269154, -0.25327023, -0.18722578, -0.17423009,
+            -0.17675498, -0.27216147, -0.16448609, -0.16448609, -0.17675498,
+            -0.15088226, -0.39562855, -0.3142763 , -0.142444  , -0.23569027,
+            -0.18722578, -0.18722578, -0.169288  , -0.17675498, -0.26444152,
+            -0.26444152, -0.189939  , -0.169288  , -0.64526275, -0.18455132,
+            -0.3735026 , -0.21933056, -0.21933056, -0.20410641, -0.28416602,
+            -0.35772404, -0.23910582, -0.189939  , -0.142444  , -0.14450826,
+            1.38125991,  2.42084442, -0.16213645, -0.27216147, -0.14450826,
+            -0.17174127, -0.23569027, -0.14872695, -0.13447767, -0.30099975,
+            -0.35772404, -0.22900483, -0.13642648, -0.12335569, -0.17174127,
+            -0.4071783 , -0.29246179, -0.17174127, -0.33771794, -0.21619749,
+            -0.28416602, -0.28828407, -0.38997712, -0.14660243, -0.13840353,
+            -0.11814455, -0.22250903, -0.10682532,  4.06361781, -0.142444  ,
+            -0.11479334, -0.36816723, -0.18191506, -0.1325567 , -0.21933056,
+            -0.23910582, -0.33289374, -0.16213645, -0.20410641, -0.16448609,
+            -0.19269154, -0.52754269,  2.52762346, -0.142444  ,  1.28538406,
+            -0.25327023, -0.14450826, -0.47018591,  4.89940505, -0.47018591,
+            -0.43129917, -0.11814455, -0.18455132, -0.3142763 , -0.16686977,
+            -0.4071783 ,  1.64156241, -0.33771794, -0.21006498, -1.6439517 ,
+            -0.26827373, -0.21006498, -0.189939  , -0.29246179, -0.28416602,
+            -0.42513819,  6.53301013,  3.18191348, -0.16448609, -0.87288109,
+            -0.30978696, -0.18455132, -0.169288  , -0.189939  , -0.13840353,
+             3.32226189, -0.21933056, -0.28010679, -0.17931646, -0.21933056,
+            -0.30099975,  1.44218477, -0.1530688 , -0.16448609, -0.19269154,
+            -0.41906522, -0.23569027, -0.23569027,  0.93662539, -0.4980393 ,
+            -0.13840353, -0.12514332, -0.12695686, -0.14450826, -0.1575374 ,
+            -0.16448609, -0.35772404, -0.24608613, -0.2323235 , -0.32813846,
+            5.57673284, -0.23569027, -0.12695686, -0.28416602, -0.25327023,
+            -0.43129917, -0.29246179, -0.1530688 , -0.20706426, -0.22573357,
+            -0.17174127, -0.21933056, -0.19269154, -0.20706426, -0.39562855,
+            -0.33289374, -0.26066405,  1.44218477, -0.33289374, -0.99355423,
+            -0.29246179, -0.25327023, -0.25327023, -0.23910582, -0.24608613,
+            -0.27216147, -0.36816723, -0.48391225, -0.16686977, -0.20119082,
+            -0.16448609,  0.49021146, -0.20706426, -0.17931646, -0.29246179,
+            -0.14040923, -0.142444  , -0.11814455, -0.29246179,  4.06361781,
+            -0.25327023, -0.14660243, -0.27216147, -0.22250903, -0.21619749,
+            3.6218033 , -0.20410641, -0.25694055, -0.23910582, -0.22900483,
+            -0.92458976, -0.32813846, -0.21933056, -0.27610555, -0.14040923,
+            -0.3735026 , -0.3735026 , -0.23910582, -0.13447767, -0.17931646,
+            -0.27216147, -0.1575374 , -0.38997712, -0.4980393 , -0.18455132,
+            -2.19209332])
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(results.resid_anscombe, 
+            [-0.31237627, -0.3036605 , -0.25978208, -0.40240831, -0.47552289,
+            -0.43149255, -0.33053793, -0.85617194, -0.41962951,  0.50181328,
+            -1.0954382 ,  1.66940149, -0.38048321, -0.3259044 , -0.21280762,
+            -0.34971301, -0.21896842, -0.27890356, -0.2454118 , -0.34482158,
+            -0.90063409,  2.80452413, -0.27890356, -0.61652596, -0.37518169,
+            -0.19255932, -0.2158664 , -0.18713159, -0.74270558, -0.3259044 ,
+            -0.21896842, -0.35467084, -0.2672722 , -0.2454118 , -0.18447466,
+            -0.90063409,  2.05763941, -0.41381347, -0.53089521,  1.88552083,
+            -1.60654218, -0.2454118 , -0.22211425, -0.40807333, -0.3647888 ,
+            -0.95861559, -0.16218047, -0.19255932, -0.88935802, -0.2454118 ,
+            -0.65930821, -0.2454118 , -0.20099345, -0.24892975,  2.28774016,
+            1.85167195, -0.30798858, -0.38585584, -0.40807333, -0.43149255,
+            2.65398426, -0.2910267 , -0.20681747, -0.18713159, -0.2910267 ,
+            -0.26350118, -0.2454118 , -0.26350118, -0.41962951, -0.16689207,
+             1.95381191, -0.50251231, -0.38048321, -0.48214234, -0.17927213,
+            -0.20681747, -0.40240831, -0.25611424, -0.41962951, -0.64189694,
+            -0.48214234, -0.2158664 ,  2.18071204, -0.2672722 , -0.20681747,
+            -0.62488429, -0.30798858, -0.27497271, -0.21896842, -0.25978208,
+            -0.23514749, -0.57618899, -0.27109582, -0.30798858, -0.50947546,
+            -0.40807333, -0.37518169, -0.22211425, -0.39130036, -0.25978208,
+            -0.41381347, -0.2385213 , -0.19533116, -0.92350689, -0.22211425,
+            -0.28288904, -0.28692985,  1.5730846 , -0.20388497, -0.28288904,
+            -0.40807333, -0.31237627, -0.3036605 , -0.28692985, -0.27109582,
+            -0.20388497, -0.28692985, -0.37518169, -0.27890356, -0.25978208,
+            -0.26350118, -0.40240831, -0.2454118 , -0.2454118 , -0.26350118,
+            -0.22530448, -0.57618899, -0.46253505, -0.21280762, -0.34971301,
+            -0.27890356, -0.27890356, -0.25249702, -0.26350118, -0.39130036,
+            -0.39130036, -0.28288904, -0.25249702, -0.90063409, -0.27497271,
+            -0.5456246 , -0.3259044 , -0.3259044 , -0.3036605 , -0.41962951,
+            -0.52366614, -0.35467084, -0.28288904, -0.21280762, -0.2158664 ,
+            1.63703418,  2.30570989, -0.24194253, -0.40240831, -0.2158664 ,
+            -0.25611424, -0.34971301, -0.22211425, -0.20099345, -0.44366892,
+            -0.52366614, -0.33999576, -0.20388497, -0.18447466, -0.25611424,
+            -0.59203547, -0.43149255, -0.25611424, -0.49563627, -0.32133344,
+            -0.41962951, -0.42552227, -0.56840788, -0.21896842, -0.20681747,
+            -0.17672552, -0.33053793, -0.15987433,  2.9768074 , -0.21280762,
+            -0.17173916, -0.53821445, -0.27109582, -0.19814236, -0.3259044 ,
+            -0.35467084, -0.48884654, -0.24194253, -0.3036605 , -0.2454118 ,
+            -0.28692985, -0.75249089,  2.35983933, -0.21280762,  1.55726719,
+            -0.37518169, -0.2158664 , -0.67712261,  3.23165236, -0.67712261,
+            -0.62488429, -0.17672552, -0.27497271, -0.46253505, -0.24892975,
+            -0.59203547,  1.83482464, -0.49563627, -0.31237627, -1.83652534,
+            -0.39681759, -0.31237627, -0.28288904, -0.43149255, -0.41962951,
+            -0.61652596,  3.63983609,  2.65398426, -0.2454118 , -1.16171662,
+            -0.45616505, -0.27497271, -0.25249702, -0.28288904, -0.20681747,
+            2.71015945, -0.3259044 , -0.41381347, -0.2672722 , -0.3259044 ,
+            -0.44366892,  1.68567947, -0.22853969, -0.2454118 , -0.28692985,
+            -0.60826548, -0.34971301, -0.34971301,  1.2290223 , -0.71397735,
+            -0.20681747, -0.18713159, -0.1898263 , -0.2158664 , -0.23514749,
+            -0.2454118 , -0.52366614, -0.3647888 , -0.34482158, -0.48214234,
+            3.41271513, -0.34971301, -0.1898263 , -0.41962951, -0.37518169,
+            -0.62488429, -0.43149255, -0.22853969, -0.30798858, -0.3352348 ,
+            -0.25611424, -0.3259044 , -0.28692985, -0.30798858, -0.57618899,
+            -0.48884654, -0.38585584,  1.68567947, -0.48884654, -1.28709718,
+            -0.43149255, -0.37518169, -0.37518169, -0.35467084, -0.3647888 ,
+            -0.40240831, -0.53821445, -0.69534436, -0.24892975, -0.29939131,
+            -0.2454118 ,  0.70366797, -0.30798858, -0.2672722 , -0.43149255,
+            -0.2097915 , -0.21280762, -0.17672552, -0.43149255,  2.9768074 ,
+            -0.37518169, -0.21896842, -0.40240831, -0.33053793, -0.32133344,
+            2.82351017, -0.3036605 , -0.38048321, -0.35467084, -0.33999576,
+            -1.21650102, -0.48214234, -0.3259044 , -0.40807333, -0.2097915 ,
+            -0.5456246 , -0.5456246 , -0.35467084, -0.20099345, -0.2672722 ,
+            -0.40240831, -0.23514749, -0.56840788, -0.71397735, -0.27497271,
+            -2.18250381])
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(results.resid_deviance, 
+            [-0.29387552, -0.2857098 , -0.24455876, -0.37803944, -0.44609851,
+            -0.40514674, -0.31088148, -0.79449324, -0.39409528,  0.47049798,
+            -1.00668653,  1.48698001, -0.35757692, -0.30654405, -0.20043547,
+            -0.32882173, -0.20622595, -0.26249995, -0.23106769, -0.32424676,
+            -0.83437766,  2.28941155, -0.26249995, -0.57644334, -0.35262564,
+            -0.18139734, -0.20331052, -0.17629229, -0.69186337, -0.30654405,
+            -0.20622595, -0.33345774, -0.251588  , -0.23106769, -0.17379306,
+            -0.83437766,  1.78479093, -0.38867448, -0.4974393 ,  1.65565332,
+            -1.43660134, -0.23106769, -0.20918228, -0.38332275, -0.34291558,
+            -0.88609006, -0.15281596, -0.18139734, -0.82428104, -0.23106769,
+            -0.61571821, -0.23106769, -0.18932865, -0.234371  ,  1.94999969,
+            1.62970871, -0.2897651 , -0.36259328, -0.38332275, -0.40514674,
+            2.19506559, -0.27386827, -0.19480442, -0.17629229, -0.27386827,
+            -0.24804925, -0.23106769, -0.24804925, -0.39409528, -0.15725009,
+            1.7074519 , -0.47114617, -0.35757692, -0.4522457 , -0.16889886,
+            -0.19480442, -0.37803944, -0.24111595, -0.39409528, -0.59975102,
+            -0.4522457 , -0.20331052,  1.87422489, -0.251588  , -0.19480442,
+            -0.5841272 , -0.2897651 , -0.25881274, -0.20622595, -0.24455876,
+            -0.22142749, -0.53929061, -0.25517563, -0.2897651 , -0.47760126,
+            -0.38332275, -0.35262564, -0.20918228, -0.36767536, -0.24455876,
+            -0.38867448, -0.2245965 , -0.18400413, -0.85481866, -0.20918228,
+            -0.26623785, -0.27002708,  1.40955093, -0.19204738, -0.26623785,
+            -0.38332275, -0.29387552, -0.2857098 , -0.27002708, -0.25517563,
+            -0.19204738, -0.27002708, -0.35262564, -0.26249995, -0.24455876,
+            -0.24804925, -0.37803944, -0.23106769, -0.23106769, -0.24804925,
+            -0.21218006, -0.53929061, -0.43402996, -0.20043547, -0.32882173,
+            -0.26249995, -0.26249995, -0.23772023, -0.24804925, -0.36767536,
+            -0.36767536, -0.26623785, -0.23772023, -0.83437766, -0.25881274,
+            -0.51106408, -0.30654405, -0.30654405, -0.2857098 , -0.39409528,
+            -0.49074728, -0.33345774, -0.26623785, -0.20043547, -0.20331052,
+            1.46111186,  1.96253843, -0.22780971, -0.37803944, -0.20331052,
+            -0.24111595, -0.32882173, -0.20918228, -0.18932865, -0.41648237,
+            -0.49074728, -0.31973217, -0.19204738, -0.17379306, -0.24111595,
+            -0.55389988, -0.40514674, -0.24111595, -0.46476893, -0.30226435,
+            -0.39409528, -0.39958581, -0.53211065, -0.20622595, -0.19480442,
+            -0.16650295, -0.31088148, -0.15064545,  2.39288231, -0.20043547,
+            -0.16181126, -0.5042114 , -0.25517563, -0.18664773, -0.30654405,
+            -0.33345774, -0.45846897, -0.22780971, -0.2857098 , -0.23106769,
+            -0.27002708, -0.7007597 ,  1.99998811, -0.20043547,  1.39670618,
+            -0.35262564, -0.20331052, -0.63203077,  2.53733821, -0.63203077,
+            -0.5841272 , -0.16650295, -0.25881274, -0.43402996, -0.234371  ,
+            -0.55389988,  1.61672923, -0.46476893, -0.29387552, -1.61804148,
+            -0.37282386, -0.29387552, -0.26623785, -0.40514674, -0.39409528,
+            -0.57644334,  2.74841605,  2.19506559, -0.23106769, -1.06433539,
+            -0.42810736, -0.25881274, -0.23772023, -0.26623785, -0.19480442,
+            2.23070414, -0.30654405, -0.38867448, -0.251588  , -0.30654405,
+            -0.41648237,  1.49993075, -0.21521982, -0.23106769, -0.27002708,
+            -0.5688444 , -0.32882173, -0.32882173,  1.12233423, -0.66569789,
+            -0.19480442, -0.17629229, -0.17882689, -0.20331052, -0.22142749,
+            -0.23106769, -0.49074728, -0.34291558, -0.32424676, -0.4522457 ,
+            2.63395309, -0.32882173, -0.17882689, -0.39409528, -0.35262564,
+            -0.5841272 , -0.40514674, -0.21521982, -0.2897651 , -0.3152773 ,
+            -0.24111595, -0.30654405, -0.27002708, -0.2897651 , -0.53929061,
+            -0.45846897, -0.36259328,  1.49993075, -0.45846897, -1.17192274,
+            -0.40514674, -0.35262564, -0.35262564, -0.33345774, -0.34291558,
+            -0.37803944, -0.5042114 , -0.64869028, -0.234371  , -0.28170899,
+            -0.23106769,  0.65629132, -0.2897651 , -0.251588  , -0.40514674,
+            -0.19760028, -0.20043547, -0.16650295, -0.40514674,  2.39288231,
+            -0.35262564, -0.20622595, -0.37803944, -0.31088148, -0.30226435,
+            2.30104857, -0.2857098 , -0.35757692, -0.33345774, -0.31973217,
+            -1.11158678, -0.4522457 , -0.30654405, -0.38332275, -0.19760028,
+            -0.51106408, -0.51106408, -0.33345774, -0.18932865, -0.251588  ,
+            -0.37803944, -0.22142749, -0.53211065, -0.66569789, -0.25881274,
+            -1.87550882])
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(results.null, 
+            [ 0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,
+            0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,
+            0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,
+            0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,
+            0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,
+            0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,
+            0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,
+            0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,
+            0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,
+            0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,
+            0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,
+            0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,
+            0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,
+            0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,
+            0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,
+            0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,
+            0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,
+            0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,
+            0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,
+            0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,
+            0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,
+            0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,
+            0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,
+            0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,
+            0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,
+            0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,
+            0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,
+            0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,
+            0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,
+            0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,
+            0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,
+            0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,
+            0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,
+            0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,
+            0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,
+            0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,
+            0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,
+            0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,
+            0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,
+            0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,
+            0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,
+            0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,
+            0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,
+            0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,
+            0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,
+            0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,
+            0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,
+            0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,
+            0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,
+            0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,
+            0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,
+            0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,
+            0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,
+            0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,
+            0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,
+            0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,
+            0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,
+            0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,
+            0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,
+            0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,
+            0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,
+            0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,
+            0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,
+            0.08860759])
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(results.D2, .200712816165)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(results.adj_D2, 0.19816731557930456)
+
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+	unittest.main()

release/python/0.7.0/crankshaft/crankshaft/regression/glm/utils.py

@@ -0,0 +1,350 @@
+
+from __future__ import absolute_import, print_function
+import numpy as np
+import warnings
+
+
+def _bit_length_26(x):
+    if x == 0:
+        return 0
+    elif x == 1:
+        return 1
+    else:
+        return len(bin(x)) - 2
+
+
+try:
+    from scipy.lib._version import NumpyVersion
+except ImportError:
+    import re
+    string_types = basestring 
+
+    class NumpyVersion():
+        """Parse and compare numpy version strings.
+        Numpy has the following versioning scheme (numbers given are examples; they
+        can be >9) in principle):
+        - Released version: '1.8.0', '1.8.1', etc.
+        - Alpha: '1.8.0a1', '1.8.0a2', etc.
+        - Beta: '1.8.0b1', '1.8.0b2', etc.
+        - Release candidates: '1.8.0rc1', '1.8.0rc2', etc.
+        - Development versions: '1.8.0.dev-f1234afa' (git commit hash appended)
+        - Development versions after a1: '1.8.0a1.dev-f1234afa',
+                                        '1.8.0b2.dev-f1234afa',
+                                        '1.8.1rc1.dev-f1234afa', etc.
+        - Development versions (no git hash available): '1.8.0.dev-Unknown'
+        Comparing needs to be done against a valid version string or other
+        `NumpyVersion` instance.
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        vstring : str
+            Numpy version string (``np.__version__``).
+        Notes
+        -----
+        All dev versions of the same (pre-)release compare equal.
+        Examples
+        --------
+        >>> from scipy.lib._version import NumpyVersion
+        >>> if NumpyVersion(np.__version__) < '1.7.0':
+        ...     print('skip')
+        skip
+        >>> NumpyVersion('1.7')  # raises ValueError, add ".0"
+        """
+
+        def __init__(self, vstring):
+            self.vstring = vstring
+            ver_main = re.match(r'\d[.]\d+[.]\d+', vstring)
+            if not ver_main:
+                raise ValueError("Not a valid numpy version string")
+
+            self.version = ver_main.group()
+            self.major, self.minor, self.bugfix = [int(x) for x in
+                                                   self.version.split('.')]
+            if len(vstring) == ver_main.end():
+                self.pre_release = 'final'
+            else:
+                alpha = re.match(r'a\d', vstring[ver_main.end():])
+                beta = re.match(r'b\d', vstring[ver_main.end():])
+                rc = re.match(r'rc\d', vstring[ver_main.end():])
+                pre_rel = [m for m in [alpha, beta, rc] if m is not None]
+                if pre_rel:
+                    self.pre_release = pre_rel[0].group()
+                else:
+                    self.pre_release = ''
+
+            self.is_devversion = bool(re.search(r'.dev-', vstring))
+
+        def _compare_version(self, other):
+            """Compare major.minor.bugfix"""
+            if self.major == other.major:
+                if self.minor == other.minor:
+                    if self.bugfix == other.bugfix:
+                        vercmp = 0
+                    elif self.bugfix > other.bugfix:
+                        vercmp = 1
+                    else:
+                        vercmp = -1
+                elif self.minor > other.minor:
+                    vercmp = 1
+                else:
+                    vercmp = -1
+            elif self.major > other.major:
+                vercmp = 1
+            else:
+                vercmp = -1
+
+            return vercmp
+
+        def _compare_pre_release(self, other):
+            """Compare alpha/beta/rc/final."""
+            if self.pre_release == other.pre_release:
+                vercmp = 0
+            elif self.pre_release == 'final':
+                vercmp = 1
+            elif other.pre_release == 'final':
+                vercmp = -1
+            elif self.pre_release > other.pre_release:
+                vercmp = 1
+            else:
+                vercmp = -1
+
+            return vercmp
+
+        def _compare(self, other):
+            if not isinstance(other, (string_types, NumpyVersion)):
+                raise ValueError("Invalid object to compare with NumpyVersion.")
+
+            if isinstance(other, string_types):
+                other = NumpyVersion(other)
+
+            vercmp = self._compare_version(other)
+            if vercmp == 0:
+                # Same x.y.z version, check for alpha/beta/rc
+                vercmp = self._compare_pre_release(other)
+                if vercmp == 0:
+                    # Same version and same pre-release, check if dev version
+                    if self.is_devversion is other.is_devversion:
+                        vercmp = 0
+                    elif self.is_devversion:
+                        vercmp = -1
+                    else:
+                        vercmp = 1
+
+            return vercmp
+
+        def __lt__(self, other):
+            return self._compare(other) < 0
+
+        def __le__(self, other):
+            return self._compare(other) <= 0
+
+        def __eq__(self, other):
+            return self._compare(other) == 0
+
+        def __ne__(self, other):
+            return self._compare(other) != 0
+
+        def __gt__(self, other):
+            return self._compare(other) > 0
+
+        def __ge__(self, other):
+            return self._compare(other) >= 0
+
+        def __repr(self):
+            return "NumpyVersion(%s)" % self.vstring
+
+
+def _next_regular(target):
+    """
+    Find the next regular number greater than or equal to target.
+    Regular numbers are composites of the prime factors 2, 3, and 5.
+    Also known as 5-smooth numbers or Hamming numbers, these are the optimal
+    size for inputs to FFTPACK.
+    Target must be a positive integer.
+    """
+    if target <= 6:
+        return target
+
+    # Quickly check if it's already a power of 2
+    if not (target & (target - 1)):
+        return target
+
+    match = float('inf')  # Anything found will be smaller
+    p5 = 1
+    while p5 < target:
+        p35 = p5
+        while p35 < target:
+            # Ceiling integer division, avoiding conversion to float
+            # (quotient = ceil(target / p35))
+            quotient = -(-target // p35)
+            # Quickly find next power of 2 >= quotient
+            try:
+                p2 = 2 ** ((quotient - 1).bit_length())
+            except AttributeError:
+                # Fallback for Python <2.7
+                p2 = 2 ** _bit_length_26(quotient - 1)
+
+            N = p2 * p35
+            if N == target:
+                return N
+            elif N < match:
+                match = N
+            p35 *= 3
+            if p35 == target:
+                return p35
+        if p35 < match:
+            match = p35
+        p5 *= 5
+        if p5 == target:
+            return p5
+    if p5 < match:
+        match = p5
+    return match
+if NumpyVersion(np.__version__) >= '1.7.1':
+    np_matrix_rank = np.linalg.matrix_rank
+else:
+    def np_matrix_rank(M, tol=None):
+        """
+        Return matrix rank of array using SVD method
+        Rank of the array is the number of SVD singular values of the array that are
+        greater than `tol`.
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        M : {(M,), (M, N)} array_like
+            array of <=2 dimensions
+        tol : {None, float}, optional
+        threshold below which SVD values are considered zero. If `tol` is
+        None, and ``S`` is an array with singular values for `M`, and
+        ``eps`` is the epsilon value for datatype of ``S``, then `tol` is
+        set to ``S.max() * max(M.shape) * eps``.
+        Notes
+        -----
+        The default threshold to detect rank deficiency is a test on the magnitude
+        of the singular values of `M`.  By default, we identify singular values less
+        than ``S.max() * max(M.shape) * eps`` as indicating rank deficiency (with
+        the symbols defined above). This is the algorithm MATLAB uses [1].  It also
+        appears in *Numerical recipes* in the discussion of SVD solutions for linear
+        least squares [2].
+        This default threshold is designed to detect rank deficiency accounting for
+        the numerical errors of the SVD computation.  Imagine that there is a column
+        in `M` that is an exact (in floating point) linear combination of other
+        columns in `M`. Computing the SVD on `M` will not produce a singular value
+        exactly equal to 0 in general: any difference of the smallest SVD value from
+        0 will be caused by numerical imprecision in the calculation of the SVD.
+        Our threshold for small SVD values takes this numerical imprecision into
+        account, and the default threshold will detect such numerical rank
+        deficiency.  The threshold may declare a matrix `M` rank deficient even if
+        the linear combination of some columns of `M` is not exactly equal to
+        another column of `M` but only numerically very close to another column of
+        `M`.
+        We chose our default threshold because it is in wide use.  Other thresholds
+        are possible.  For example, elsewhere in the 2007 edition of *Numerical
+        recipes* there is an alternative threshold of ``S.max() *
+        np.finfo(M.dtype).eps / 2. * np.sqrt(m + n + 1.)``. The authors describe
+        this threshold as being based on "expected roundoff error" (p 71).
+        The thresholds above deal with floating point roundoff error in the
+        calculation of the SVD.  However, you may have more information about the
+        sources of error in `M` that would make you consider other tolerance values
+        to detect *effective* rank deficiency.  The most useful measure of the
+        tolerance depends on the operations you intend to use on your matrix.  For
+        example, if your data come from uncertain measurements with uncertainties
+        greater than floating point epsilon, choosing a tolerance near that
+        uncertainty may be preferable.  The tolerance may be absolute if the
+        uncertainties are absolute rather than relative.
+        References
+        ----------
+        .. [1] MATLAB reference documention, "Rank"
+            http://www.mathworks.com/help/techdoc/ref/rank.html
+        .. [2] W. H. Press, S. A. Teukolsky, W. T. Vetterling and B. P. Flannery,
+            "Numerical Recipes (3rd edition)", Cambridge University Press, 2007,
+            page 795.
+        Examples
+        --------
+        >>> from numpy.linalg import matrix_rank
+        >>> matrix_rank(np.eye(4)) # Full rank matrix
+        4
+        >>> I=np.eye(4); I[-1,-1] = 0. # rank deficient matrix
+        >>> matrix_rank(I)
+        3
+        >>> matrix_rank(np.ones((4,))) # 1 dimension - rank 1 unless all 0
+        1
+        >>> matrix_rank(np.zeros((4,)))
+        0
+        """
+        M = np.asarray(M)
+        if M.ndim > 2:
+            raise TypeError('array should have 2 or fewer dimensions')
+        if M.ndim < 2:
+            return int(not all(M == 0))
+        S = np.linalg.svd(M, compute_uv=False)
+        if tol is None:
+            tol = S.max() * max(M.shape) * np.finfo(S.dtype).eps
+        return np.sum(S > tol)
+
+
+
+class CacheWriteWarning(UserWarning):
+    pass
+
+class CachedAttribute(object):
+
+    def __init__(self, func, cachename=None, resetlist=None):
+        self.fget = func
+        self.name = func.__name__
+        self.cachename = cachename or '_cache'
+        self.resetlist = resetlist or ()
+
+    def __get__(self, obj, type=None):
+        if obj is None:
+            return self.fget
+        # Get the cache or set a default one if needed
+        _cachename = self.cachename
+        _cache = getattr(obj, _cachename, None)
+        if _cache is None:
+            setattr(obj, _cachename, resettable_cache())
+            _cache = getattr(obj, _cachename)
+        # Get the name of the attribute to set and cache
+        name = self.name
+        _cachedval = _cache.get(name, None)
+        # print("[_cachedval=%s]" % _cachedval)
+        if _cachedval is None:
+            # Call the "fget" function
+            _cachedval = self.fget(obj)
+            # Set the attribute in obj
+            # print("Setting %s in cache to %s" % (name, _cachedval))
+            try:
+                _cache[name] = _cachedval
+            except KeyError:
+                setattr(_cache, name, _cachedval)
+            # Update the reset list if needed (and possible)
+            resetlist = self.resetlist
+            if resetlist is not ():
+                try:
+                    _cache._resetdict[name] = self.resetlist
+                except AttributeError:
+                    pass
+        # else:
+        # print("Reading %s from cache (%s)" % (name, _cachedval))
+        return _cachedval
+
+    def __set__(self, obj, value):
+        errmsg = "The attribute '%s' cannot be overwritten" % self.name
+        warnings.warn(errmsg, CacheWriteWarning)
+
+
+class _cache_readonly(object):
+    """
+    Decorator for CachedAttribute
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, cachename=None, resetlist=None):
+        self.func = None
+        self.cachename = cachename
+        self.resetlist = resetlist or None
+
+    def __call__(self, func):
+        return CachedAttribute(func,
+                               cachename=self.cachename,
+                               resetlist=self.resetlist)
+cache_readonly = _cache_readonly()
+
+

release/python/0.7.0/crankshaft/crankshaft/regression/glm/varfuncs.py

@@ -0,0 +1,284 @@
+"""
+Variance functions for use with the link functions in statsmodels.family.links
+"""
+
+__docformat__ = 'restructuredtext'
+
+import numpy as np
+FLOAT_EPS = np.finfo(float).eps
+
+class VarianceFunction(object):
+    """
+    Relates the variance of a random variable to its mean. Defaults to 1.
+
+    Methods
+    -------
+    call
+        Returns an array of ones that is the same shape as `mu`
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    After a variance function is initialized, its call method can be used.
+
+    Alias for VarianceFunction:
+    constant = VarianceFunction()
+
+    See also
+    --------
+    statsmodels.family.family
+    """
+
+    def __call__(self, mu):
+        """
+        Default variance function
+
+        Parameters
+        -----------
+        mu : array-like
+            mean parameters
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        v : array
+            ones(mu.shape)
+        """
+        mu = np.asarray(mu)
+        return np.ones(mu.shape, np.float64)
+
+
+    def deriv(self, mu):
+        """
+        Derivative of the variance function v'(mu)
+        """
+        from statsmodels.tools.numdiff import approx_fprime_cs
+        # TODO: diag workaround proplem with numdiff for 1d
+        return np.diag(approx_fprime_cs(mu, self))
+
+
+constant = VarianceFunction()
+constant.__doc__ = """
+The call method of constant returns a constant variance, i.e., a vector of ones.
+
+constant is an alias of VarianceFunction()
+"""
+
+class Power(object):
+    """
+    Power variance function
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    power : float
+        exponent used in power variance function
+
+    Methods
+    -------
+    call
+        Returns the power variance
+
+    Formulas
+    --------
+    V(mu) = numpy.fabs(mu)**power
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    Aliases for Power:
+    mu = Power()
+    mu_squared = Power(power=2)
+    mu_cubed = Power(power=3)
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, power=1.):
+        self.power = power
+
+    def __call__(self, mu):
+        """
+        Power variance function
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        mu : array-like
+            mean parameters
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        variance : array
+            numpy.fabs(mu)**self.power
+        """
+        return np.power(np.fabs(mu), self.power)
+
+
+    def deriv(self, mu):
+        """
+        Derivative of the variance function v'(mu)
+        """
+        from statsmodels.tools.numdiff import approx_fprime_cs, approx_fprime
+        #return approx_fprime_cs(mu, self)  # TODO fix breaks in `fabs
+        # TODO: diag is workaround problem with numdiff for 1d
+        return np.diag(approx_fprime(mu, self))
+
+
+mu = Power()
+mu.__doc__ = """
+Returns np.fabs(mu)
+
+Notes
+-----
+This is an alias of Power()
+"""
+mu_squared = Power(power=2)
+mu_squared.__doc__ = """
+Returns np.fabs(mu)**2
+
+Notes
+-----
+This is an alias of statsmodels.family.links.Power(power=2)
+"""
+mu_cubed = Power(power=3)
+mu_cubed.__doc__ = """
+Returns np.fabs(mu)**3
+
+Notes
+-----
+This is an alias of statsmodels.family.links.Power(power=3)
+"""
+
+class Binomial(object):
+    """
+    Binomial variance function
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    n : int, optional
+        The number of trials for a binomial variable.  The default is 1 for
+        p in (0,1)
+
+    Methods
+    -------
+    call
+        Returns the binomial variance
+
+    Formulas
+    --------
+    V(mu) = p * (1 - p) * n
+
+    where p = mu / n
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    Alias for Binomial:
+    binary = Binomial()
+
+    A private method _clean trims the data by machine epsilon so that p is
+    in (0,1)
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, n=1):
+        self.n = n
+
+    def _clean(self, p):
+        return np.clip(p, FLOAT_EPS, 1 - FLOAT_EPS)
+
+    def __call__(self, mu):
+        """
+        Binomial variance function
+
+        Parameters
+        -----------
+        mu : array-like
+            mean parameters
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        variance : array
+           variance = mu/n * (1 - mu/n) * self.n
+        """
+        p = self._clean(mu / self.n)
+        return p * (1 - p) * self.n
+
+    #TODO: inherit from super
+    def deriv(self, mu):
+        """
+        Derivative of the variance function v'(mu)
+        """
+        from statsmodels.tools.numdiff import approx_fprime_cs, approx_fprime
+        # TODO: diag workaround proplem with numdiff for 1d
+        return np.diag(approx_fprime_cs(mu, self))
+
+
+binary = Binomial()
+binary.__doc__ = """
+The binomial variance function for n = 1
+
+Notes
+-----
+This is an alias of Binomial(n=1)
+"""
+
+class NegativeBinomial(object):
+    '''
+    Negative binomial variance function
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    alpha : float
+        The ancillary parameter for the negative binomial variance function.
+        `alpha` is assumed to be nonstochastic.  The default is 1.
+
+    Methods
+    -------
+    call
+        Returns the negative binomial variance
+
+    Formulas
+    --------
+    V(mu) = mu + alpha*mu**2
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    Alias for NegativeBinomial:
+    nbinom = NegativeBinomial()
+
+    A private method _clean trims the data by machine epsilon so that p is
+    in (0,inf)
+    '''
+
+    def __init__(self, alpha=1.):
+        self.alpha = alpha
+
+    def _clean(self, p):
+        return np.clip(p, FLOAT_EPS, np.inf)
+
+    def __call__(self, mu):
+        """
+        Negative binomial variance function
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        mu : array-like
+            mean parameters
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        variance : array
+            variance = mu + alpha*mu**2
+        """
+        p = self._clean(mu)
+        return p + self.alpha*p**2
+
+    def deriv(self, mu):
+        """
+        Derivative of the negative binomial variance function.
+        """
+
+        p = self._clean(mu)
+        return 1 + 2 * self.alpha * p
+
+nbinom = NegativeBinomial()
+nbinom.__doc__ = """
+Negative Binomial variance function.
+
+Notes
+-----
+This is an alias of NegativeBinomial(alpha=1.)
+"""

release/python/0.7.0/crankshaft/crankshaft/regression/gwr/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+from base import *

release/python/0.7.0/crankshaft/crankshaft/regression/gwr/base/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+import gwr
+import sel_bw
+import diagnostics
+import kernels

release/python/0.7.0/crankshaft/crankshaft/regression/gwr/base/diagnostics.py

@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+"""
+Diagnostics for estimated gwr modesl
+"""
+__author__ = "Taylor Oshan tayoshan@gmail.com"
+
+import numpy as np
+from crankshaft.regression.glm.family import Gaussian, Poisson, Binomial
+
+def get_AICc(gwr):
+    """
+    Get AICc value
+    
+    Gaussian: p61, (2.33), Fotheringham, Brunsdon and Charlton (2002)
+    
+    GWGLM: AICc=AIC+2k(k+1)/(n-k-1), Nakaya et al. (2005): p2704, (36)
+
+    """
+    n = gwr.n
+    k = gwr.tr_S
+    if isinstance(gwr.family, Gaussian):
+        aicc = -2.0*gwr.llf + 2.0*n*(k + 1.0)/(n-k-2.0)  
+    elif isinstance(gwr.family, (Poisson, Binomial)):
+        aicc = get_AIC(gwr) + 2.0 * k * (k+1.0) / (n - k - 1.0) 
+    return aicc
+
+def get_AIC(gwr):
+    """
+    Get AIC calue
+
+    Gaussian: p96, (4.22), Fotheringham, Brunsdon and Charlton (2002)
+
+    GWGLM:  AIC(G)=D(G) + 2K(G), where D and K denote the deviance and the effective
+    number of parameters in the model with bandwidth G, respectively.
+    
+    """   
+    k = gwr.tr_S
+    #deviance = -2*log-likelihood
+    y = gwr.y
+    mu = gwr.mu
+    if isinstance(gwr.family, Gaussian):
+        aic = -2.0 * gwr.llf + 2.0 * (k+1)
+    elif isinstance(gwr.family, (Poisson, Binomial)):
+        aic = np.sum(gwr.family.resid_dev(y, mu)**2) + 2.0 * k
+    return aic 
+
+def get_BIC(gwr):
+    """
+    Get BIC value
+
+    Gaussian: p61 (2.34), Fotheringham, Brunsdon and Charlton (2002)
+    BIC = -2log(L)+klog(n)
+
+    GWGLM: BIC = dev + tr_S * log(n)
+
+    """
+    n = gwr.n      # (scalar) number of observations
+    k = gwr.tr_S  
+    y = gwr.y
+    mu = gwr.mu
+    if isinstance(gwr.family, Gaussian):
+        bic = -2.0 * gwr.llf + (k+1) * np.log(n) 
+    elif isinstance(gwr.family, (Poisson, Binomial)):
+        bic = np.sum(gwr.family.resid_dev(y, mu)**2) + k * np.log(n)
+    return bic
+
+def get_CV(gwr):
+    """
+    Get CV value
+
+    Gaussian only
+
+    Methods: p60, (2.31) or p212 (9.4)
+    Fotheringham, A. S., Brunsdon, C., & Charlton, M. (2002).
+    Geographically weighted regression: the analysis of spatially varying relationships.
+    Modification: sum of residual squared is divided by n according to GWR4 results
+
+    """
+    aa = gwr.resid_response.reshape((-1,1))/(1.0-gwr.influ)
+    cv = np.sum(aa**2)/gwr.n
+    return cv
+

release/python/0.7.0/crankshaft/crankshaft/regression/gwr/base/kernels.py

@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+# GWR kernel function specifications
+
+__author__ = "Taylor Oshan tayoshan@gmail.com" 
+
+#from pysal.weights.Distance import Kernel 
+import scipy
+from scipy.spatial.kdtree import KDTree
+import numpy as np
+
+#adaptive specifications should be parameterized with nn-1 to match original gwr
+#implementation. That is, pysal counts self neighbors with knn automatically.
+
+def fix_gauss(coords, bw, points=None):
+    w = _Kernel(coords, function='gwr_gaussian', bandwidth=bw,
+            truncate=False, points=points)
+    return w.kernel
+
+def adapt_gauss(coords, nn, points=None):
+    w = _Kernel(coords, fixed=False, k=nn-1, function='gwr_gaussian',
+            truncate=False, points=points)
+    return w.kernel
+
+def fix_bisquare(coords, bw, points=None):
+    w = _Kernel(coords, function='bisquare', bandwidth=bw, points=points)
+    return w.kernel
+
+def adapt_bisquare(coords, nn, points=None):
+    w = _Kernel(coords, fixed=False, k=nn-1, function='bisquare', points=points)
+    return w.kernel
+
+def fix_exp(coords, bw, points=None):
+    w = _Kernel(coords, function='exponential', bandwidth=bw,
+            truncate=False, points=points)
+    return w.kernel
+
+def adapt_exp(coords, nn, points=None):
+    w = _Kernel(coords, fixed=False, k=nn-1, function='exponential',
+            truncate=False, points=points)
+    return w.kernel
+
+from scipy.spatial.distance import cdist
+
+class _Kernel(object):
+    """
+
+    """
+    def __init__(self, data, bandwidth=None, fixed=True, k=None,
+                 function='triangular', eps=1.0000001, ids=None, truncate=True, 
+                 points=None): #Added truncate flag
+        if issubclass(type(data), scipy.spatial.KDTree):
+            self.data = data.data
+            data = self.data
+        else:
+            self.data = data
+        if k is not None:
+            self.k = int(k) + 1
+        else:
+            self.k = k
+        if points is None:
+            self.dmat = cdist(self.data, self.data)
+        else:
+            self.points = points
+            self.dmat = cdist(self.points, self.data)
+        self.function = function.lower()
+        self.fixed = fixed
+        self.eps = eps
+        self.trunc = truncate
+        if bandwidth:
+            try:
+                bandwidth = np.array(bandwidth)
+                bandwidth.shape = (len(bandwidth), 1)
+            except:
+                bandwidth = np.ones((len(data), 1), 'float') * bandwidth
+            self.bandwidth = bandwidth
+        else:
+            self._set_bw()
+        self.kernel = self._kernel_funcs(self.dmat/self.bandwidth)
+        
+        if self.trunc:
+            mask = np.repeat(self.bandwidth, len(self.data), axis=1)
+            self.kernel[(self.dmat >= mask)] = 0
+
+    def _set_bw(self):
+        if self.k is not None:
+            dmat = np.sort(self.dmat)[:,:self.k]
+        else:
+            dmat = self.dmat
+        if self.fixed:
+            # use max knn distance as bandwidth
+            bandwidth = dmat.max() * self.eps
+            n = len(self.data)
+            self.bandwidth = np.ones((n, 1), 'float') * bandwidth
+        else:
+            # use local max knn distance
+            self.bandwidth = dmat.max(axis=1) * self.eps
+            self.bandwidth.shape = (self.bandwidth.size, 1)
+            
+
+    def _kernel_funcs(self, zs):
+        # functions follow Anselin and Rey (2010) table 5.4
+        if self.function == 'triangular':
+            return 1 - zs 
+        elif self.function == 'uniform':
+            return np.ones(zi.shape) * 0.5 
+        elif self.function == 'quadratic':
+            return (3. / 4) * (1 - zs ** 2) 
+        elif self.function == 'quartic':
+            return (15. / 16) * (1 - zs ** 2) ** 2 
+        elif self.function == 'gaussian':
+            c = np.pi * 2
+            c = c ** (-0.5)
+            return c * np.exp(-(zs ** 2) / 2.)
+        elif self.function == 'gwr_gaussian':
+            return np.exp(-0.5*(zs)**2)
+        elif self.function == 'bisquare':
+            return (1-(zs)**2)**2
+        elif self.function =='exponential':
+            return np.exp(-zs)
+        else:
+            print('Unsupported kernel function', self.function)

release/python/0.7.0/crankshaft/crankshaft/regression/gwr/base/search.py

@@ -0,0 +1,208 @@
+#Bandwidth optimization methods
+
+__author__ = "Taylor Oshan"
+
+import numpy as np
+
+def golden_section(a, c, delta, function, tol, max_iter, int_score=False):
+    """
+    Golden section search routine
+    Method: p212, 9.6.4
+    Fotheringham, A. S., Brunsdon, C., & Charlton, M. (2002).
+    Geographically weighted regression: the analysis of spatially varying relationships.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    a               : float
+                      initial max search section value
+    b               : float
+                      initial min search section value
+    delta           : float
+                      constant used to determine width of search sections
+    function        : function
+                      obejective function to be evaluated at different section
+                      values
+    int_score       : boolean
+                      False for float score, True for integer score
+    tol             : float
+                      tolerance used to determine convergence
+    max_iter        : integer
+                      maximum iterations if no convergence to tolerance
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    opt_val         : float
+                      optimal value
+    opt_score       : kernel
+                      optimal score
+    output          : list of tuples
+                      searching history
+    """
+    b = a + delta * np.abs(c-a)
+    d = c - delta * np.abs(c-a)
+    score = 0.0
+    diff = 1.0e9
+    iters  = 0
+    output = []
+    while np.abs(diff) > tol and iters < max_iter:
+        iters += 1
+        if int_score:
+        	b = np.round(b)
+        	d = np.round(d)
+
+        score_a = function(a)
+        score_b = function(b)
+        score_c = function(c)
+        score_d = function(d)
+        
+        if score_b <= score_d:
+            opt_val = b
+            opt_score = score_b
+            c = d
+            d = b
+            b = a + delta * np.abs(c-a)
+            #if int_score:
+                #b = np.round(b)
+        else:
+            opt_val = d
+            opt_score = score_d
+            a = b
+            b = d
+            d = c - delta * np.abs(c-a)
+            #if int_score:
+                #d = np.round(b)
+        
+        #if int_score:
+        #	opt_val = np.round(opt_val)
+        output.append((opt_val, opt_score))
+        diff = score_b - score_d
+        score = opt_score
+    return np.round(opt_val, 2), opt_score, output
+
+def equal_interval(l_bound, u_bound, interval, function, int_score=False):
+    """
+    Interval search, using interval as stepsize
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    l_bound         : float
+                      initial min search section value
+    u_bound         : float
+                      initial max search section value
+    interval        : float
+                      constant used to determine width of search sections
+    function        : function
+                      obejective function to be evaluated at different section
+                      values
+    int_score       : boolean
+                      False for float score, True for integer score
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    opt_val         : float
+                      optimal value
+    opt_score       : kernel
+                      optimal score
+    output          : list of tuples
+                      searching history
+    """
+    a = l_bound
+    c = u_bound
+    b = a + interval
+    if int_score:
+        a = np.round(a,0)
+        c = np.round(c,0)
+        b = np.round(b,0)
+    
+    output = []
+
+    score_a = function(a)
+    score_c = function(c)
+
+    output.append((a,score_a))
+    output.append((c,score_c))
+
+    if score_a < score_c:
+        opt_val = a
+        opt_score = score_a
+    else:
+        opt_val = c
+        opt_score = score_c
+
+    while b < c:
+        score_b = function(b)
+
+        output.append((b,score_b))
+
+        if score_b < opt_score:
+            opt_val = b
+            opt_score = score_b
+        b = b + interval
+
+    return opt_val, opt_score, output
+
+
+def flexible_bw(init, y, X, n, k, family, tol, max_iter, rss_score,
+        gwr_func, bw_func, sel_func):
+    if init:
+        bw = sel_func(bw_func(y, X))
+        print bw
+        optim_model = gwr_func(y, X, bw)
+        err = optim_model.resid_response.reshape((-1,1))
+        est = optim_model.params
+    else:
+        model = GLM(y, X, family=self.family, constant=False).fit()
+        err = model.resid_response.reshape((-1,1))
+        est = np.repeat(model.params.T, n, axis=0)
+        
+    
+    XB = np.multiply(est, X)
+    if rss_score:
+        rss = np.sum((err)**2)
+    iters = 0
+    scores = []
+    delta = 1e6
+    BWs = []
+    VALs = []
+
+    while delta > tol and iters < max_iter:
+        iters += 1
+        new_XB = np.zeros_like(X)
+        bws = []
+        vals = []
+        ests = np.zeros_like(X)
+        f_XB = XB.copy()
+        f_err = err.copy()
+        for i in range(k):
+            temp_y = XB[:,i].reshape((-1,1))
+            temp_y = temp_y + err
+            temp_X = X[:,i].reshape((-1,1))
+            bw_class = bw_func(temp_y, temp_X)
+            bw = sel_func(bw_class)
+            optim_model = gwr_func(temp_y, temp_X, bw)
+            err = optim_model.resid_response.reshape((-1,1))
+            est = optim_model.params.reshape((-1,))
+
+            new_XB[:,i] = np.multiply(est, temp_X.reshape((-1,)))
+            bws.append(bw)
+            ests[:,i] = est
+            vals.append(bw_class.bw[1])
+            
+        predy = np.sum(np.multiply(ests, X), axis=1).reshape((-1,1))
+        num = np.sum((new_XB - XB)**2)/n
+        den = np.sum(np.sum(new_XB, axis=1)**2)
+        score = (num/den)**0.5
+        XB = new_XB
+            
+        if rss_score:
+            new_rss = np.sum((y - predy)**2)
+            score = np.abs((new_rss - rss)/new_rss)
+            rss = new_rss
+        print score
+        scores.append(score)
+        delta = score
+        BWs.append(bws) 
+        VALs.append(vals)
+
+    opt_bws = BWs[-1]
+    return opt_bws, np.array(BWs), np.array(VALs), np.array(scores), f_XB, f_err

release/python/0.7.0/crankshaft/crankshaft/regression/gwr/base/sel_bw.py

@@ -0,0 +1,286 @@
+# GWR Bandwidth selection class
+
+#Thinking about removing the search method and just having optimization begin in
+#class __init__
+
+#x_glob and offset parameters dont yet do anything; former is for semiparametric
+#GWR and later is for offset variable for Poisson model
+
+__author__ = "Taylor Oshan Tayoshan@gmail.com"
+
+from kernels import *
+from search import golden_section, equal_interval, flexible_bw
+from gwr import GWR
+from crankshaft.regression.glm.family import Gaussian, Poisson, Binomial
+import pysal.spreg.user_output as USER
+from diagnostics import get_AICc, get_AIC, get_BIC, get_CV
+from scipy.spatial.distance import pdist, squareform
+from pysal.common import KDTree
+import numpy as np
+
+kernels = {1: fix_gauss, 2: adapt_gauss, 3: fix_bisquare, 4:
+        adapt_bisquare, 5: fix_exp, 6:adapt_exp}
+getDiag = {'AICc': get_AICc,'AIC':get_AIC, 'BIC': get_BIC, 'CV': get_CV}
+
+class Sel_BW(object):
+    """
+    Select bandwidth for kernel
+
+    Methods: p211 - p213, bandwidth selection
+    Fotheringham, A. S., Brunsdon, C., & Charlton, M. (2002).
+    Geographically weighted regression: the analysis of spatially varying relationships.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    y              : array
+                     n*1, dependent variable.
+    x_glob         : array
+                     n*k1, fixed independent variable.
+    x_loc          : array
+                     n*k2, local independent variable, including constant.
+    coords         : list of tuples
+                     (x,y) of points used in bandwidth selection
+    family         : string
+                     GWR model type: 'Gaussian', 'logistic, 'Poisson''
+    offset         : array
+                     n*1, offset variable for Poisson model
+    kernel         : string
+                     kernel function: 'gaussian', 'bisquare', 'exponetial'
+    fixed          : boolean
+                     True for fixed bandwidth and False for adaptive (NN)
+    fb             : True for flexible (mutliple covaraite-specific) bandwidths
+                     False for a traditional (same for  all covariates)
+                     bandwdith; defualt is False.
+    constant       : boolean
+                     True to include intercept (default) in model and False to exclude
+                     intercept.
+
+
+    Attributes
+    ----------
+    y              : array
+                     n*1, dependent variable.
+    x_glob         : array
+                     n*k1, fixed independent variable.
+    x_loc          : array
+                     n*k2, local independent variable, including constant.
+    coords         : list of tuples
+                     (x,y) of points used in bandwidth selection
+    family         : string
+                     GWR model type: 'Gaussian', 'logistic, 'Poisson''
+    kernel         : string
+                     type of kernel used and wether fixed or adaptive
+    criterion      : string
+                     bw selection criterion: 'AICc', 'AIC', 'BIC', 'CV'
+    search         : string
+                     bw search method: 'golden', 'interval'
+    bw_min         : float
+                     min value used in bandwidth search
+    bw_max         : float
+                     max value used in bandwidth search
+    interval       : float
+                     interval increment used in interval search
+    tol            : float
+                     tolerance used to determine convergence
+    max_iter       : integer
+                     max interations if no convergence to tol
+    fb             : True for flexible (mutliple covaraite-specific) bandwidths
+                     False for a traditional (same for  all covariates)
+                     bandwdith; defualt is False.
+    constant       : boolean
+                     True to include intercept (default) in model and False to exclude
+                     intercept.
+    """
+    def __init__(self, coords, y, x_loc, x_glob=None, family=Gaussian(),
+            offset=None, kernel='bisquare', fixed=False, fb=False, constant=True):
+        self.coords = coords
+        self.y = y
+        self.x_loc = x_loc
+        if x_glob is not None:
+            self.x_glob = x_glob
+        else:
+            self.x_glob = []
+        self.family=family
+        self.fixed = fixed
+        self.kernel = kernel
+        if offset is None:
+        	self.offset = np.ones((len(y), 1))
+        else:
+            self.offset = offset * 1.0
+        self.fb = fb
+        self.constant = constant
+
+    def search(self, search='golden_section', criterion='AICc', bw_min=0.0, 
+            bw_max=0.0, interval=0.0, tol=1.0e-6, max_iter=200, init_fb=True,
+            tol_fb=1.0e-5, rss_score=False, max_iter_fb=200):
+        """
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        criterion      : string
+                         bw selection criterion: 'AICc', 'AIC', 'BIC', 'CV'
+        search         : string
+                         bw search method: 'golden', 'interval'
+        bw_min         : float
+                         min value used in bandwidth search
+        bw_max         : float
+                         max value used in bandwidth search
+        interval       : float
+                         interval increment used in interval search
+        tol            : float
+                         tolerance used to determine convergence
+        max_iter       : integer
+                         max iterations if no convergence to tol
+        init_fb        : True to initialize flexible bandwidth search with
+                         esitmates from a traditional GWR and False to
+                         initialize flexible bandwidth search with global
+                         regression estimates
+        tol_fb         : convergence tolerence for the flexible bandwidth
+                         backfitting algorithm; a larger tolerance may stop the
+                         algorith faster though it may result in a less optimal
+                         model
+        max_iter_fb    : max iterations if no convergence to tol for flexible
+                         bandwidth backfittign algorithm
+        rss_score      : True to use the residual sum of sqaures to evaluate
+                         each iteration of the flexible bandwidth backfitting
+                         routine and False to use a smooth function; default is
+                         False
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        bw             : scalar or array
+                         optimal bandwidth value or values; returns scalar for
+                         fb=False and array for fb=True; ordering of bandwidths
+                         matches the ordering of the covariates (columns) of the
+                         designs matrix, X
+        """     
+        self.search = search
+        self.criterion = criterion
+        self.bw_min = bw_min
+        self.bw_max = bw_max
+        self.interval = interval
+        self.tol = tol
+        self.max_iter = max_iter
+        self.init_fb = init_fb
+        self.tol_fb = tol_fb
+        self.rss_score = rss_score
+        self.max_iter_fb = max_iter_fb
+        
+
+        if self.fixed:
+            if self.kernel == 'gaussian':
+                ktype = 1
+            elif self.kernel == 'bisquare':
+                ktype = 3
+            elif self.kernel == 'exponential':
+                ktype = 5
+            else:
+                raise TypeError('Unsupported kernel function ', self.kernel)
+        else:
+            if self.kernel == 'gaussian':
+            	ktype = 2
+            elif self.kernel == 'bisquare':
+                ktype = 4
+            elif self.kernel == 'exponential':
+                ktype = 6
+            else:
+                raise TypeError('Unsupported kernel function ', self.kernel)
+
+        function = lambda bw: getDiag[criterion](
+                GWR(self.coords, self.y, self.x_loc, bw, family=self.family,
+                    kernel=self.kernel, fixed=self.fixed, offset=self.offset).fit())
+        
+        if ktype % 2 == 0:
+            int_score = True
+        else:
+            int_score = False
+        self.int_score = int_score
+        
+        if self.fb:
+            self._fbw()
+            print self.bw[1]
+            self.XB = self.bw[4]
+            self.err = self.bw[5]
+        else:
+            self._bw()
+
+        return self.bw[0]
+
+    def _bw(self):
+        gwr_func = lambda bw: getDiag[self.criterion](
+                GWR(self.coords, self.y, self.x_loc, bw, family=self.family,
+                    kernel=self.kernel, fixed=self.fixed, constant=self.constant).fit())
+        if self.search == 'golden_section':
+            a,c = self._init_section(self.x_glob, self.x_loc, self.coords,
+                    self.constant)
+            delta = 0.38197 #1 - (np.sqrt(5.0)-1.0)/2.0
+            self.bw = golden_section(a, c, delta, gwr_func, self.tol, 
+                    self.max_iter, self.int_score)
+        elif self.search == 'interval':
+            self.bw = equal_interval(self.bw_min, self.bw_max, self.interval,
+                    gwr_func, self.int_score)
+        else:
+            raise TypeError('Unsupported computational search method ', search)
+   
+    def _fbw(self):
+        y = self.y
+        if self.constant:
+        	X = USER.check_constant(self.x_loc)
+        else:
+            X = self.x_loc
+        n, k = X.shape
+        family = self.family
+        offset = self.offset
+        kernel = self.kernel
+        fixed = self.fixed
+        coords = self.coords
+        search = self.search
+        criterion = self.criterion
+        bw_min = self.bw_min
+        bw_max = self.bw_max
+        interval = self.interval
+        tol = self.tol
+        max_iter = self.max_iter
+        gwr_func = lambda y, X, bw: GWR(coords, y, X, bw, family=family, 
+                kernel=kernel, fixed=fixed, offset=offset, constant=False).fit()
+        bw_func = lambda y, X: Sel_BW(coords, y, X, x_glob=[], family=family,
+                kernel=kernel, fixed=fixed, offset=offset, constant=False)
+        sel_func = lambda bw_func: bw_func.search(search=search, 
+                        criterion=criterion, bw_min=bw_min, bw_max=bw_max, 
+                        interval=interval, tol=tol, max_iter=max_iter)
+        self.bw = flexible_bw(self.init_fb, y, X, n, k, family, self.tol_fb,
+               self.max_iter_fb, self.rss_score, gwr_func, bw_func, sel_func)
+
+
+
+    def _init_section(self, x_glob, x_loc, coords, constant):
+        if len(x_glob) > 0:
+            n_glob = x_glob.shape[1]
+        else:
+            n_glob = 0
+        if len(x_loc) > 0:
+            n_loc = x_loc.shape[1]
+        else:
+            n_loc = 0
+        if constant:
+            n_vars = n_glob + n_loc + 1
+        else:
+            n_vars = n_glob + n_loc
+        n = np.array(coords).shape[0]
+
+        if self.int_score:
+            a = 40 + 2 * n_vars
+            c = n
+        else:
+            nn = 40 + 2 * n_vars
+            sq_dists = squareform(pdist(coords))
+            sort_dists = np.sort(sq_dists, axis=1)
+            min_dists = sort_dists[:,nn-1]
+            max_dists = sort_dists[:,-1]
+            a = np.min(min_dists)/2.0
+            c = np.max(max_dists)/2.0
+      
+        if a < self.bw_min:
+            a = self.bw_min
+        if c > self.bw_max and self.bw_max > 0:
+            c = self.bw_max
+        return a, c

release/python/0.7.0/crankshaft/crankshaft/regression/gwr/base/tests/test_gwr.py

@@ -0,0 +1,853 @@
+"""
+GWR is tested against results from GWR4
+"""
+
+import unittest
+import pickle as pk
+from crankshaft.regression.gwr.gwr import GWR, FBGWR
+from crankshaft.regression.gwr.sel_bw import Sel_BW
+from crankshaft.regression.gwr.diagnostics import get_AICc, get_AIC, get_BIC, get_CV
+from crankshaft.regression.glm.family import Gaussian, Poisson, Binomial
+import numpy as np
+import pysal
+
+class TestGWRGaussian(unittest.TestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        data = pysal.open(pysal.examples.get_path('GData_utm.csv'))
+        self.coords = zip(data.by_col('X'), data.by_col('Y'))
+        self.y = np.array(data.by_col('PctBach')).reshape((-1,1))
+        rural  = np.array(data.by_col('PctRural')).reshape((-1,1))
+        pov = np.array(data.by_col('PctPov')).reshape((-1,1)) 
+        black = np.array(data.by_col('PctBlack')).reshape((-1,1))
+        self.X = np.hstack([rural, pov, black])
+        self.BS_F = pysal.open(pysal.examples.get_path('georgia_BS_F_listwise.csv'))
+        self.BS_NN = pysal.open(pysal.examples.get_path('georgia_BS_NN_listwise.csv'))
+        self.GS_F = pysal.open(pysal.examples.get_path('georgia_GS_F_listwise.csv'))
+        self.GS_NN = pysal.open(pysal.examples.get_path('georgia_GS_NN_listwise.csv'))
+        self.FB = pk.load(open(pysal.examples.get_path('FB.p'), 'r'))
+        self.XB = pk.load(open(pysal.examples.get_path('XB.p'), 'r'))
+        self.err = pk.load(open(pysal.examples.get_path('err.p'), 'r'))
+
+    def test_BS_F(self):
+        est_Int = self.BS_F.by_col(' est_Intercept')
+        se_Int = self.BS_F.by_col(' se_Intercept')
+        t_Int = self.BS_F.by_col(' t_Intercept')
+        est_rural = self.BS_F.by_col(' est_PctRural')
+        se_rural = self.BS_F.by_col(' se_PctRural')
+        t_rural = self.BS_F.by_col(' t_PctRural')
+        est_pov = self.BS_F.by_col(' est_PctPov')
+        se_pov = self.BS_F.by_col(' se_PctPov')
+        t_pov = self.BS_F.by_col(' t_PctPov')
+        est_black = self.BS_F.by_col(' est_PctBlack')
+        se_black = self.BS_F.by_col(' se_PctBlack')
+        t_black = self.BS_F.by_col(' t_PctBlack')
+        yhat = self.BS_F.by_col(' yhat')
+        res = np.array(self.BS_F.by_col(' residual'))
+        std_res = np.array(self.BS_F.by_col(' std_residual')).reshape((-1,1))
+        localR2 = np.array(self.BS_F.by_col(' localR2')).reshape((-1,1))
+        inf = np.array(self.BS_F.by_col(' influence')).reshape((-1,1))
+        cooksD = np.array(self.BS_F.by_col(' CooksD')).reshape((-1,1))
+        
+        model = GWR(self.coords, self.y, self.X, bw=209267.689, fixed=True)
+        rslt = model.fit()
+        
+        AICc = get_AICc(rslt)
+        AIC = get_AIC(rslt)
+        BIC = get_BIC(rslt)
+        CV = get_CV(rslt)
+        
+        self.assertAlmostEquals(np.floor(AICc), 894.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEquals(np.floor(AIC), 890.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEquals(np.floor(BIC), 944.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEquals(np.round(CV,2), 18.25)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(est_Int, rslt.params[:,0], rtol=1e-04)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(se_Int, rslt.bse[:,0], rtol=1e-04)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(t_Int, rslt.tvalues[:,0], rtol=1e-04)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(est_rural, rslt.params[:,1], rtol=1e-04)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(se_rural, rslt.bse[:,1], rtol=1e-04)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(t_rural, rslt.tvalues[:,1], rtol=1e-04)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(est_pov, rslt.params[:,2], rtol=1e-04)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(se_pov, rslt.bse[:,2], rtol=1e-04)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(t_pov, rslt.tvalues[:,2], rtol=1e-04)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(est_black, rslt.params[:,3], rtol=1e-02)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(se_black, rslt.bse[:,3], rtol=1e-02)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(t_black, rslt.tvalues[:,3], rtol=1e-02)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(yhat, rslt.mu, rtol=1e-05)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(res, rslt.resid_response, rtol=1e-04)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(std_res, rslt.std_res, rtol=1e-04)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(localR2, rslt.localR2, rtol=1e-05)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(inf, rslt.influ, rtol=1e-04)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(cooksD, rslt.cooksD, rtol=1e-00)
+
+    def test_BS_NN(self):
+        est_Int = self.BS_NN.by_col(' est_Intercept')
+        se_Int = self.BS_NN.by_col(' se_Intercept')
+        t_Int = self.BS_NN.by_col(' t_Intercept')
+        est_rural = self.BS_NN.by_col(' est_PctRural')
+        se_rural = self.BS_NN.by_col(' se_PctRural')
+        t_rural = self.BS_NN.by_col(' t_PctRural')
+        est_pov = self.BS_NN.by_col(' est_PctPov')
+        se_pov = self.BS_NN.by_col(' se_PctPov')
+        t_pov = self.BS_NN.by_col(' t_PctPov')
+        est_black = self.BS_NN.by_col(' est_PctBlack')
+        se_black = self.BS_NN.by_col(' se_PctBlack')
+        t_black = self.BS_NN.by_col(' t_PctBlack')
+        yhat = self.BS_NN.by_col(' yhat')
+        res = np.array(self.BS_NN.by_col(' residual'))
+        std_res = np.array(self.BS_NN.by_col(' std_residual')).reshape((-1,1))
+        localR2 = np.array(self.BS_NN.by_col(' localR2')).reshape((-1,1))
+        inf = np.array(self.BS_NN.by_col(' influence')).reshape((-1,1))
+        cooksD = np.array(self.BS_NN.by_col(' CooksD')).reshape((-1,1))
+
+        model = GWR(self.coords, self.y, self.X, bw=90.000, fixed=False)
+        rslt = model.fit()
+        
+        AICc = get_AICc(rslt)
+        AIC = get_AIC(rslt)
+        BIC = get_BIC(rslt)
+        CV = get_CV(rslt)
+        
+        self.assertAlmostEquals(np.floor(AICc), 896.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEquals(np.floor(AIC), 892.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEquals(np.floor(BIC), 941.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEquals(np.around(CV, 2), 19.19)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(est_Int, rslt.params[:,0], rtol=1e-04)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(se_Int, rslt.bse[:,0], rtol=1e-04)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(t_Int, rslt.tvalues[:,0], rtol=1e-04)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(est_rural, rslt.params[:,1], rtol=1e-04)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(se_rural, rslt.bse[:,1], rtol=1e-04)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(t_rural, rslt.tvalues[:,1], rtol=1e-04)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(est_pov, rslt.params[:,2], rtol=1e-04)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(se_pov, rslt.bse[:,2], rtol=1e-04)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(t_pov, rslt.tvalues[:,2], rtol=1e-04)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(est_black, rslt.params[:,3], rtol=1e-02)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(se_black, rslt.bse[:,3], rtol=1e-02)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(t_black, rslt.tvalues[:,3], rtol=1e-02)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(yhat, rslt.mu, rtol=1e-05)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(res, rslt.resid_response, rtol=1e-04)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(std_res, rslt.std_res, rtol=1e-04)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(localR2, rslt.localR2, rtol=1e-05)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(inf, rslt.influ, rtol=1e-04)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(cooksD, rslt.cooksD, rtol=1e-00)
+
+    def test_GS_F(self):
+        est_Int = self.GS_F.by_col(' est_Intercept')
+        se_Int = self.GS_F.by_col(' se_Intercept')
+        t_Int = self.GS_F.by_col(' t_Intercept')
+        est_rural = self.GS_F.by_col(' est_PctRural')
+        se_rural = self.GS_F.by_col(' se_PctRural')
+        t_rural = self.GS_F.by_col(' t_PctRural')
+        est_pov = self.GS_F.by_col(' est_PctPov')
+        se_pov = self.GS_F.by_col(' se_PctPov')
+        t_pov = self.GS_F.by_col(' t_PctPov')
+        est_black = self.GS_F.by_col(' est_PctBlack')
+        se_black = self.GS_F.by_col(' se_PctBlack')
+        t_black = self.GS_F.by_col(' t_PctBlack')
+        yhat = self.GS_F.by_col(' yhat')
+        res = np.array(self.GS_F.by_col(' residual'))
+        std_res = np.array(self.GS_F.by_col(' std_residual')).reshape((-1,1))
+        localR2 = np.array(self.GS_F.by_col(' localR2')).reshape((-1,1))
+        inf = np.array(self.GS_F.by_col(' influence')).reshape((-1,1))
+        cooksD = np.array(self.GS_F.by_col(' CooksD')).reshape((-1,1))
+        
+        model = GWR(self.coords, self.y, self.X, bw=87308.298,
+                kernel='gaussian', fixed=True)
+        rslt = model.fit()
+        
+        AICc = get_AICc(rslt)
+        AIC = get_AIC(rslt)
+        BIC = get_BIC(rslt)
+        CV = get_CV(rslt)
+        
+        self.assertAlmostEquals(np.floor(AICc), 895.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEquals(np.floor(AIC), 890.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEquals(np.floor(BIC), 943.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEquals(np.around(CV, 2), 18.21)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(est_Int, rslt.params[:,0], rtol=1e-04)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(se_Int, rslt.bse[:,0], rtol=1e-04)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(t_Int, rslt.tvalues[:,0], rtol=1e-04)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(est_rural, rslt.params[:,1], rtol=1e-04)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(se_rural, rslt.bse[:,1], rtol=1e-04)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(t_rural, rslt.tvalues[:,1], rtol=1e-04)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(est_pov, rslt.params[:,2], rtol=1e-04)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(se_pov, rslt.bse[:,2], rtol=1e-04)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(t_pov, rslt.tvalues[:,2], rtol=1e-04)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(est_black, rslt.params[:,3], rtol=1e-02)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(se_black, rslt.bse[:,3], rtol=1e-02)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(t_black, rslt.tvalues[:,3], rtol=1e-02)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(yhat, rslt.mu, rtol=1e-05)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(res, rslt.resid_response, rtol=1e-04)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(std_res, rslt.std_res, rtol=1e-04)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(localR2, rslt.localR2, rtol=1e-05)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(inf, rslt.influ, rtol=1e-04)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(cooksD, rslt.cooksD, rtol=1e-00)
+        
+    def test_GS_NN(self):
+        est_Int = self.GS_NN.by_col(' est_Intercept')
+        se_Int = self.GS_NN.by_col(' se_Intercept')
+        t_Int = self.GS_NN.by_col(' t_Intercept')
+        est_rural = self.GS_NN.by_col(' est_PctRural')
+        se_rural = self.GS_NN.by_col(' se_PctRural')
+        t_rural = self.GS_NN.by_col(' t_PctRural')
+        est_pov = self.GS_NN.by_col(' est_PctPov')
+        se_pov = self.GS_NN.by_col(' se_PctPov')
+        t_pov = self.GS_NN.by_col(' t_PctPov')
+        est_black = self.GS_NN.by_col(' est_PctBlack')
+        se_black = self.GS_NN.by_col(' se_PctBlack')
+        t_black = self.GS_NN.by_col(' t_PctBlack')
+        yhat = self.GS_NN.by_col(' yhat')
+        res = np.array(self.GS_NN.by_col(' residual'))
+        std_res = np.array(self.GS_NN.by_col(' std_residual')).reshape((-1,1))
+        localR2 = np.array(self.GS_NN.by_col(' localR2')).reshape((-1,1))
+        inf = np.array(self.GS_NN.by_col(' influence')).reshape((-1,1))
+        cooksD = np.array(self.GS_NN.by_col(' CooksD')).reshape((-1,1))
+
+        model = GWR(self.coords, self.y, self.X, bw=49.000,
+                kernel='gaussian', fixed=False)
+        rslt = model.fit()
+        
+        AICc = get_AICc(rslt)
+        AIC = get_AIC(rslt)
+        BIC = get_BIC(rslt)
+        CV = get_CV(rslt)
+        
+        self.assertAlmostEquals(np.floor(AICc),  896)
+        self.assertAlmostEquals(np.floor(AIC), 894.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEquals(np.floor(BIC), 922.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEquals(np.around(CV, 2), 17.91)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(est_Int, rslt.params[:,0], rtol=1e-04)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(se_Int, rslt.bse[:,0], rtol=1e-04)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(t_Int, rslt.tvalues[:,0], rtol=1e-04)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(est_rural, rslt.params[:,1], rtol=1e-04)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(se_rural, rslt.bse[:,1], rtol=1e-04)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(t_rural, rslt.tvalues[:,1], rtol=1e-04)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(est_pov, rslt.params[:,2], rtol=1e-04)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(se_pov, rslt.bse[:,2], rtol=1e-04)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(t_pov, rslt.tvalues[:,2], rtol=1e-04)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(est_black, rslt.params[:,3], rtol=1e-02)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(se_black, rslt.bse[:,3], rtol=1e-02)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(t_black, rslt.tvalues[:,3], rtol=1e-02)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(yhat, rslt.mu, rtol=1e-05)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(res, rslt.resid_response, rtol=1e-04)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(std_res, rslt.std_res, rtol=1e-04)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(localR2, rslt.localR2, rtol=1e-05)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(inf, rslt.influ, rtol=1e-04)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(cooksD, rslt.cooksD, rtol=1e-00)
+    
+    def test_FBGWR(self):
+        model = FBGWR(self.coords, self.y, self.X, [157.0, 65.0, 52.0],
+                XB=self.XB, err=self.err, constant=False)
+        rslt = model.fit()
+
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(rslt.predy, self.FB['predy'], atol=1e-07)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(rslt.params, self.FB['params'], atol=1e-07)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(rslt.resid_response, self.FB['u'], atol=1e-05)
+        np.testing.assert_almost_equal(rslt.resid_ss, 6339.3497144025841)
+
+    def test_Prediction(self):
+        coords =np.array(self.coords)
+        index = np.arange(len(self.y))
+        #train = index[0:-10]
+        test = index[-10:]
+
+        #y_train = self.y[train]
+        #X_train = self.X[train]
+        #coords_train = list(coords[train])
+
+        #y_test = self.y[test]
+        X_test = self.X[test]
+        coords_test = list(coords[test])
+
+
+        model = GWR(self.coords, self.y, self.X, 93, family=Gaussian(),
+                fixed=False, kernel='bisquare')
+        results = model.predict(coords_test, X_test)
+        
+        params = np.array([22.77198, -0.10254,    -0.215093,   -0.01405,
+            19.10531,    -0.094177,   -0.232529,   0.071913,
+            19.743421,   -0.080447,   -0.30893,    0.083206,
+            17.505759,   -0.078919,   -0.187955,   0.051719,
+            27.747402,   -0.165335,   -0.208553,   0.004067,
+            26.210627,   -0.138398,   -0.360514,   0.072199,
+            18.034833,   -0.077047,   -0.260556,   0.084319,
+            28.452802,   -0.163408,   -0.14097,    -0.063076,
+            22.353095,   -0.103046,   -0.226654,   0.002992,
+            18.220508,   -0.074034,   -0.309812,   0.108636]).reshape((10,4))
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(params, results.params, rtol=1e-03)
+
+        bse = np.array([2.080166,    0.021462,    0.102954,    0.049627,
+            2.536355,    0.022111,    0.123857,    0.051917,
+            1.967813,    0.019716,    0.102562,    0.054918,
+            2.463219,    0.021745,    0.110297,    0.044189,
+            1.556056,    0.019513,    0.12764,     0.040315,
+            1.664108,    0.020114,    0.131208,    0.041613,
+            2.5835,      0.021481,    0.113158,    0.047243,
+            1.709483,    0.019752,    0.116944,    0.043636,
+            1.958233,    0.020947,    0.09974,     0.049821,
+            2.276849,    0.020122,    0.107867,    0.047842]).reshape((10,4))
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(bse, results.bse, rtol=1e-03)
+
+        tvalues = np.array([10.947193,   -4.777659,   -2.089223,   -0.283103,
+            7.532584,    -4.259179,   -1.877395,   1.385161,
+            10.033179,   -4.080362,   -3.012133,   1.515096,
+            7.106862,    -3.629311,   -1.704079,   1.17042,
+            17.831878,   -8.473156,   -1.633924,   0.100891,
+            15.750552,   -6.880725,   -2.74765,    1.734978,
+            6.980774,    -3.586757,   -2.302575,   1.784818,
+            16.644095,   -8.273001,   -1.205451,   -1.445501,
+            11.414933,   -4.919384,   -2.272458,   0.060064,
+            8.00251, -3.679274,   -2.872176,   2.270738]).reshape((10,4))
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(tvalues, results.tvalues, rtol=1e-03)
+
+        localR2 = np.array([[ 0.53068693],
+                            [ 0.59582647],
+                            [ 0.59700925],
+                            [ 0.45769954],
+                            [ 0.54634509],
+                            [ 0.5494828 ],
+                            [ 0.55159604],
+                            [ 0.55634237],
+                            [ 0.53903842],
+                            [ 0.55884954]])
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(localR2, results.localR2, rtol=1e-05)
+
+class TestGWRPoisson(unittest.TestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        data = pysal.open(pysal.examples.get_path('Tokyomortality.csv'), mode='Ur')
+        self.coords = zip(data.by_col('X_CENTROID'), data.by_col('Y_CENTROID'))
+        self.y = np.array(data.by_col('db2564')).reshape((-1,1))
+        self.off = np.array(data.by_col('eb2564')).reshape((-1,1))
+        OCC  = np.array(data.by_col('OCC_TEC')).reshape((-1,1))
+        OWN = np.array(data.by_col('OWNH')).reshape((-1,1)) 
+        POP = np.array(data.by_col('POP65')).reshape((-1,1))
+        UNEMP = np.array(data.by_col('UNEMP')).reshape((-1,1))
+        self.X = np.hstack([OCC,OWN,POP,UNEMP])
+        self.BS_F = pysal.open(pysal.examples.get_path('tokyo_BS_F_listwise.csv'))
+        self.BS_NN = pysal.open(pysal.examples.get_path('tokyo_BS_NN_listwise.csv'))
+        self.GS_F = pysal.open(pysal.examples.get_path('tokyo_GS_F_listwise.csv'))
+        self.GS_NN = pysal.open(pysal.examples.get_path('tokyo_GS_NN_listwise.csv'))
+        self.BS_NN_OFF = pysal.open(pysal.examples.get_path('tokyo_BS_NN_OFF_listwise.csv'))
+
+    def test_BS_F(self):
+        est_Int = self.BS_F.by_col(' est_Intercept')
+        se_Int = self.BS_F.by_col(' se_Intercept')
+        t_Int = self.BS_F.by_col(' t_Intercept')
+        est_OCC = self.BS_F.by_col(' est_OCC_TEC')
+        se_OCC = self.BS_F.by_col(' se_OCC_TEC')
+        t_OCC = self.BS_F.by_col(' t_OCC_TEC')
+        est_OWN = self.BS_F.by_col(' est_OWNH')
+        se_OWN = self.BS_F.by_col(' se_OWNH')
+        t_OWN = self.BS_F.by_col(' t_OWNH')
+        est_POP = self.BS_F.by_col(' est_POP65')
+        se_POP = self.BS_F.by_col(' se_POP65')
+        t_POP = self.BS_F.by_col(' t_POP65')
+        est_UNEMP = self.BS_F.by_col(' est_UNEMP')
+        se_UNEMP = self.BS_F.by_col(' se_UNEMP')
+        t_UNEMP = self.BS_F.by_col(' t_UNEMP')
+        yhat = self.BS_F.by_col(' yhat')
+        pdev = np.array(self.BS_F.by_col(' localpdev')).reshape((-1,1))
+        
+        model = GWR(self.coords, self.y, self.X, bw=26029.625, family=Poisson(), 
+                kernel='bisquare', fixed=True)
+        rslt = model.fit()
+
+        AICc = get_AICc(rslt)
+        AIC = get_AIC(rslt)
+        BIC = get_BIC(rslt)
+        
+        self.assertAlmostEquals(np.floor(AICc), 13294.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEquals(np.floor(AIC), 13247.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEquals(np.floor(BIC), 13485.0)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(est_Int, rslt.params[:,0], rtol=1e-05)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(se_Int, rslt.bse[:,0], rtol=1e-03)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(t_Int, rslt.tvalues[:,0], rtol=1e-03)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(est_OCC, rslt.params[:,1], rtol=1e-04)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(se_OCC, rslt.bse[:,1], rtol=1e-02)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(t_OCC, rslt.tvalues[:,1], rtol=1e-02)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(est_OWN, rslt.params[:,2], rtol=1e-04)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(se_OWN, rslt.bse[:,2], rtol=1e-03)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(t_OWN, rslt.tvalues[:,2], rtol=1e-03)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(est_POP, rslt.params[:,3], rtol=1e-04)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(se_POP, rslt.bse[:,3], rtol=1e-02)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(t_POP, rslt.tvalues[:,3], rtol=1e-02)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(est_UNEMP, rslt.params[:,4], rtol=1e-04)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(se_UNEMP, rslt.bse[:,4], rtol=1e-02)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(t_UNEMP, rslt.tvalues[:,4], rtol=1e-02)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(yhat, rslt.mu, rtol=1e-05)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(pdev, rslt.pDev, rtol=1e-05)
+
+
+    def test_BS_NN(self):
+        est_Int = self.BS_NN.by_col(' est_Intercept')
+        se_Int = self.BS_NN.by_col(' se_Intercept')
+        t_Int = self.BS_NN.by_col(' t_Intercept')
+        est_OCC = self.BS_NN.by_col(' est_OCC_TEC')
+        se_OCC = self.BS_NN.by_col(' se_OCC_TEC')
+        t_OCC = self.BS_NN.by_col(' t_OCC_TEC')
+        est_OWN = self.BS_NN.by_col(' est_OWNH')
+        se_OWN = self.BS_NN.by_col(' se_OWNH')
+        t_OWN = self.BS_NN.by_col(' t_OWNH')
+        est_POP = self.BS_NN.by_col(' est_POP65')
+        se_POP = self.BS_NN.by_col(' se_POP65')
+        t_POP = self.BS_NN.by_col(' t_POP65')
+        est_UNEMP = self.BS_NN.by_col(' est_UNEMP')
+        se_UNEMP = self.BS_NN.by_col(' se_UNEMP')
+        t_UNEMP = self.BS_NN.by_col(' t_UNEMP')
+        yhat = self.BS_NN.by_col(' yhat')
+        pdev = np.array(self.BS_NN.by_col(' localpdev')).reshape((-1,1))
+
+        model = GWR(self.coords, self.y, self.X, bw=50, family=Poisson(), 
+                kernel='bisquare', fixed=False)
+        rslt = model.fit()
+        
+        AICc = get_AICc(rslt)
+        AIC = get_AIC(rslt)
+        BIC = get_BIC(rslt)
+        
+        self.assertAlmostEquals(np.floor(AICc), 13285)
+        self.assertAlmostEquals(np.floor(AIC), 13259.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEquals(np.floor(BIC), 13442.0)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(est_Int, rslt.params[:,0], rtol=1e-04)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(se_Int, rslt.bse[:,0], rtol=1e-02)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(t_Int, rslt.tvalues[:,0], rtol=1e-02)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(est_OCC, rslt.params[:,1], rtol=1e-03)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(se_OCC, rslt.bse[:,1], rtol=1e-02)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(t_OCC, rslt.tvalues[:,1], rtol=1e-02)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(est_OWN, rslt.params[:,2], rtol=1e-04)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(se_OWN, rslt.bse[:,2], rtol=1e-02)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(t_OWN, rslt.tvalues[:,2], rtol=1e-02)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(est_POP, rslt.params[:,3], rtol=1e-03)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(se_POP, rslt.bse[:,3], rtol=1e-02)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(t_POP, rslt.tvalues[:,3], rtol=1e-02)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(est_UNEMP, rslt.params[:,4], rtol=1e-04)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(se_UNEMP, rslt.bse[:,4], rtol=1e-02)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(t_UNEMP, rslt.tvalues[:,4], rtol=1e-02)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(yhat, rslt.mu, rtol=1e-04)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(pdev, rslt.pDev, rtol=1e-05)
+    
+    def test_BS_NN_Offset(self):
+        est_Int = self.BS_NN_OFF.by_col(' est_Intercept')
+        se_Int = self.BS_NN_OFF.by_col(' se_Intercept')
+        t_Int = self.BS_NN_OFF.by_col(' t_Intercept')
+        est_OCC = self.BS_NN_OFF.by_col(' est_OCC_TEC')
+        se_OCC = self.BS_NN_OFF.by_col(' se_OCC_TEC')
+        t_OCC = self.BS_NN_OFF.by_col(' t_OCC_TEC')
+        est_OWN = self.BS_NN_OFF.by_col(' est_OWNH')
+        se_OWN = self.BS_NN_OFF.by_col(' se_OWNH')
+        t_OWN = self.BS_NN_OFF.by_col(' t_OWNH')
+        est_POP = self.BS_NN_OFF.by_col(' est_POP65')
+        se_POP = self.BS_NN_OFF.by_col(' se_POP65')
+        t_POP = self.BS_NN_OFF.by_col(' t_POP65')
+        est_UNEMP = self.BS_NN_OFF.by_col(' est_UNEMP')
+        se_UNEMP = self.BS_NN_OFF.by_col(' se_UNEMP')
+        t_UNEMP = self.BS_NN_OFF.by_col(' t_UNEMP')
+        yhat = self.BS_NN_OFF.by_col(' yhat')
+        pdev = np.array(self.BS_NN_OFF.by_col(' localpdev')).reshape((-1,1))
+
+        model = GWR(self.coords, self.y, self.X, bw=100, offset=self.off, family=Poisson(), 
+                kernel='bisquare', fixed=False)
+        rslt = model.fit()
+        
+        AICc = get_AICc(rslt)
+        AIC = get_AIC(rslt)
+        BIC = get_BIC(rslt)
+        
+        self.assertAlmostEquals(np.floor(AICc), 367.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEquals(np.floor(AIC), 361.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEquals(np.floor(BIC), 451.0)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(est_Int, rslt.params[:,0], rtol=1e-02,
+                atol=1e-02)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(se_Int, rslt.bse[:,0], rtol=1e-02, atol=1e-02)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(t_Int, rslt.tvalues[:,0], rtol=1e-01,
+                atol=1e-02)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(est_OCC, rslt.params[:,1], rtol=1e-03,
+                atol=1e-02)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(se_OCC, rslt.bse[:,1], rtol=1e-02, atol=1e-02)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(t_OCC, rslt.tvalues[:,1], rtol=1e-01,
+                atol=1e-02)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(est_OWN, rslt.params[:,2], rtol=1e-04,
+                atol=1e-02)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(se_OWN, rslt.bse[:,2], rtol=1e-02, atol=1e-02)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(t_OWN, rslt.tvalues[:,2], rtol=1e-01,
+                atol=1e-02)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(est_POP, rslt.params[:,3], rtol=1e-03,
+                atol=1e-02)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(se_POP, rslt.bse[:,3], rtol=1e-02, atol=1e-02)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(t_POP, rslt.tvalues[:,3], rtol=1e-01,
+                atol=1e-02)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(est_UNEMP, rslt.params[:,4], rtol=1e-04,
+                atol=1e-02)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(se_UNEMP, rslt.bse[:,4], rtol=1e-02,
+                atol=1e-02)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(t_UNEMP, rslt.tvalues[:,4], rtol=1e-01,
+                atol=1e-02)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(yhat, rslt.mu, rtol=1e-03, atol=1e-02)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(pdev, rslt.pDev, rtol=1e-04, atol=1e-02)
+
+    def test_GS_F(self):
+        est_Int = self.GS_F.by_col(' est_Intercept')
+        se_Int = self.GS_F.by_col(' se_Intercept')
+        t_Int = self.GS_F.by_col(' t_Intercept')
+        est_OCC = self.GS_F.by_col(' est_OCC_TEC')
+        se_OCC = self.GS_F.by_col(' se_OCC_TEC')
+        t_OCC = self.GS_F.by_col(' t_OCC_TEC')
+        est_OWN = self.GS_F.by_col(' est_OWNH')
+        se_OWN = self.GS_F.by_col(' se_OWNH')
+        t_OWN = self.GS_F.by_col(' t_OWNH')
+        est_POP = self.GS_F.by_col(' est_POP65')
+        se_POP = self.GS_F.by_col(' se_POP65')
+        t_POP = self.GS_F.by_col(' t_POP65')
+        est_UNEMP = self.GS_F.by_col(' est_UNEMP')
+        se_UNEMP = self.GS_F.by_col(' se_UNEMP')
+        t_UNEMP = self.GS_F.by_col(' t_UNEMP')
+        yhat = self.GS_F.by_col(' yhat')
+        pdev = np.array(self.GS_F.by_col(' localpdev')).reshape((-1,1))
+        
+        model = GWR(self.coords, self.y, self.X, bw=8764.474, family=Poisson(), 
+                kernel='gaussian', fixed=True)
+        rslt = model.fit()
+        
+        AICc = get_AICc(rslt)
+        AIC = get_AIC(rslt)
+        BIC = get_BIC(rslt)
+        
+        self.assertAlmostEquals(np.floor(AICc), 11283.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEquals(np.floor(AIC), 11211.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEquals(np.floor(BIC), 11497.0)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(est_Int, rslt.params[:,0], rtol=1e-03)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(se_Int, rslt.bse[:,0], rtol=1e-02)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(t_Int, rslt.tvalues[:,0], rtol=1e-02)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(est_OCC, rslt.params[:,1], rtol=1e-03)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(se_OCC, rslt.bse[:,1], rtol=1e-02)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(t_OCC, rslt.tvalues[:,1], rtol=1e-02)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(est_OWN, rslt.params[:,2], rtol=1e-03)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(se_OWN, rslt.bse[:,2], rtol=1e-02)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(t_OWN, rslt.tvalues[:,2], rtol=1e-02)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(est_POP, rslt.params[:,3], rtol=1e-02)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(se_POP, rslt.bse[:,3], rtol=1e-02)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(t_POP, rslt.tvalues[:,3], rtol=1e-02)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(est_UNEMP, rslt.params[:,4], rtol=1e-02)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(se_UNEMP, rslt.bse[:,4], rtol=1e-02)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(t_UNEMP, rslt.tvalues[:,4], rtol=1e-02)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(yhat, rslt.mu, rtol=1e-04)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(pdev, rslt.pDev, rtol=1e-05)
+
+    def test_GS_NN(self):
+        est_Int = self.GS_NN.by_col(' est_Intercept')
+        se_Int = self.GS_NN.by_col(' se_Intercept')
+        t_Int = self.GS_NN.by_col(' t_Intercept')
+        est_OCC = self.GS_NN.by_col(' est_OCC_TEC')
+        se_OCC = self.GS_NN.by_col(' se_OCC_TEC')
+        t_OCC = self.GS_NN.by_col(' t_OCC_TEC')
+        est_OWN = self.GS_NN.by_col(' est_OWNH')
+        se_OWN = self.GS_NN.by_col(' se_OWNH')
+        t_OWN = self.GS_NN.by_col(' t_OWNH')
+        est_POP = self.GS_NN.by_col(' est_POP65')
+        se_POP = self.GS_NN.by_col(' se_POP65')
+        t_POP = self.GS_NN.by_col(' t_POP65')
+        est_UNEMP = self.GS_NN.by_col(' est_UNEMP')
+        se_UNEMP = self.GS_NN.by_col(' se_UNEMP')
+        t_UNEMP = self.GS_NN.by_col(' t_UNEMP')
+        yhat = self.GS_NN.by_col(' yhat')
+        pdev = np.array(self.GS_NN.by_col(' localpdev')).reshape((-1,1))
+        
+        model = GWR(self.coords, self.y, self.X, bw=50, family=Poisson(), 
+                kernel='gaussian', fixed=False)
+        rslt = model.fit()
+        
+        AICc = get_AICc(rslt)
+        AIC = get_AIC(rslt)
+        BIC = get_BIC(rslt)
+        
+        self.assertAlmostEquals(np.floor(AICc), 21070.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEquals(np.floor(AIC), 21069.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEquals(np.floor(BIC), 21111.0)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(est_Int, rslt.params[:,0], rtol=1e-04)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(se_Int, rslt.bse[:,0], rtol=1e-02)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(t_Int, rslt.tvalues[:,0], rtol=1e-02)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(est_OCC, rslt.params[:,1], rtol=1e-03)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(se_OCC, rslt.bse[:,1], rtol=1e-02)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(t_OCC, rslt.tvalues[:,1], rtol=1e-02)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(est_OWN, rslt.params[:,2], rtol=1e-04)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(se_OWN, rslt.bse[:,2], rtol=1e-02)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(t_OWN, rslt.tvalues[:,2], rtol=1e-02)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(est_POP, rslt.params[:,3], rtol=1e-02)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(se_POP, rslt.bse[:,3], rtol=1e-02)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(t_POP, rslt.tvalues[:,3], rtol=1e-02)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(est_UNEMP, rslt.params[:,4], rtol=1e-02)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(se_UNEMP, rslt.bse[:,4], rtol=1e-02)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(t_UNEMP, rslt.tvalues[:,4], rtol=1e-02)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(yhat, rslt.mu, rtol=1e-04)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(pdev, rslt.pDev, rtol=1e-05)
+
+class TestGWRBinomial(unittest.TestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        data = pysal.open(pysal.examples.get_path('landslides.csv'))
+        self.coords = zip(data.by_col('X'), data.by_col('Y'))
+        self.y = np.array(data.by_col('Landslid')).reshape((-1,1))
+        ELEV  = np.array(data.by_col('Elev')).reshape((-1,1))
+        SLOPE = np.array(data.by_col('Slope')).reshape((-1,1)) 
+        SIN = np.array(data.by_col('SinAspct')).reshape((-1,1))
+        COS = np.array(data.by_col('CosAspct')).reshape((-1,1))
+        SOUTH = np.array(data.by_col('AbsSouth')).reshape((-1,1))
+        DIST = np.array(data.by_col('DistStrm')).reshape((-1,1))
+        self.X = np.hstack([ELEV, SLOPE, SIN, COS, SOUTH, DIST])
+        self.BS_F = pysal.open(pysal.examples.get_path('clearwater_BS_F_listwise.csv'))
+        self.BS_NN = pysal.open(pysal.examples.get_path('clearwater_BS_NN_listwise.csv'))
+        self.GS_F = pysal.open(pysal.examples.get_path('clearwater_GS_F_listwise.csv'))
+        self.GS_NN = pysal.open(pysal.examples.get_path('clearwater_GS_NN_listwise.csv'))
+
+    def test_BS_F(self):
+        est_Int = self.BS_F.by_col(' est_Intercept')
+        se_Int = self.BS_F.by_col(' se_Intercept')
+        t_Int = self.BS_F.by_col(' t_Intercept')
+        est_elev = self.BS_F.by_col(' est_Elev')
+        se_elev = self.BS_F.by_col(' se_Elev')
+        t_elev = self.BS_F.by_col(' t_Elev')
+        est_slope = self.BS_F.by_col(' est_Slope')
+        se_slope = self.BS_F.by_col(' se_Slope')
+        t_slope = self.BS_F.by_col(' t_Slope')
+        est_sin = self.BS_F.by_col(' est_SinAspct')
+        se_sin = self.BS_F.by_col(' se_SinAspct')
+        t_sin = self.BS_F.by_col(' t_SinAspct')
+        est_cos = self.BS_F.by_col(' est_CosAspct')
+        se_cos = self.BS_F.by_col(' se_CosAspct')
+        t_cos = self.BS_F.by_col(' t_CosAspct')
+        est_south = self.BS_F.by_col(' est_AbsSouth')
+        se_south = self.BS_F.by_col(' se_AbsSouth')
+        t_south = self.BS_F.by_col(' t_AbsSouth')
+        est_strm = self.BS_F.by_col(' est_DistStrm')
+        se_strm = self.BS_F.by_col(' se_DistStrm')
+        t_strm = self.BS_F.by_col(' t_DistStrm') 
+        yhat = self.BS_F.by_col(' yhat')
+        pdev = np.array(self.BS_F.by_col(' localpdev')).reshape((-1,1))
+
+        model = GWR(self.coords, self.y, self.X, bw=19642.170, family=Binomial(), 
+                kernel='bisquare', fixed=True)
+        rslt = model.fit()
+
+        AICc = get_AICc(rslt)
+        AIC = get_AIC(rslt)
+        BIC = get_BIC(rslt)
+        
+        self.assertAlmostEquals(np.floor(AICc), 275.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEquals(np.floor(AIC), 271.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEquals(np.floor(BIC), 349.0)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(est_Int, rslt.params[:,0], rtol=1e-00)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(se_Int, rslt.bse[:,0], rtol=1e-00)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(t_Int, rslt.tvalues[:,0], rtol=1e-00)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(est_elev, rslt.params[:,1], rtol=1e-00)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(se_elev, rslt.bse[:,1], rtol=1e-00)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(t_elev, rslt.tvalues[:,1], rtol=1e-00)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(est_slope, rslt.params[:,2], rtol=1e-00)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(se_slope, rslt.bse[:,2], rtol=1e-00)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(t_slope, rslt.tvalues[:,2], rtol=1e-00)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(est_sin, rslt.params[:,3], rtol=1e01)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(se_sin, rslt.bse[:,3], rtol=1e01)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(t_sin, rslt.tvalues[:,3], rtol=1e01)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(est_cos, rslt.params[:,4], rtol=1e01)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(se_cos, rslt.bse[:,4], rtol=1e01)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(t_cos, rslt.tvalues[:,4], rtol=1e01)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(est_south, rslt.params[:,5], rtol=1e01)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(se_south, rslt.bse[:,5], rtol=1e01)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(t_south, rslt.tvalues[:,5], rtol=1e01)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(est_strm, rslt.params[:,6], rtol=1e02)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(se_strm, rslt.bse[:,6], rtol=1e01)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(t_strm, rslt.tvalues[:,6], rtol=1e02)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(yhat, rslt.mu, rtol=1e-01)
+        #This test fails - likely due to compound rounding errors
+        #Has been tested using statsmodels.family calculations and
+        #code from Jing's python version, which both yield the same
+        #np.testing.assert_allclose(pdev, rslt.pDev, rtol=1e-05)
+    
+    def test_BS_NN(self):
+        est_Int = self.BS_NN.by_col(' est_Intercept')
+        se_Int = self.BS_NN.by_col(' se_Intercept')
+        t_Int = self.BS_NN.by_col(' t_Intercept')
+        est_elev = self.BS_NN.by_col(' est_Elev')
+        se_elev = self.BS_NN.by_col(' se_Elev')
+        t_elev = self.BS_NN.by_col(' t_Elev')
+        est_slope = self.BS_NN.by_col(' est_Slope')
+        se_slope = self.BS_NN.by_col(' se_Slope')
+        t_slope = self.BS_NN.by_col(' t_Slope')
+        est_sin = self.BS_NN.by_col(' est_SinAspct')
+        se_sin = self.BS_NN.by_col(' se_SinAspct')
+        t_sin = self.BS_NN.by_col(' t_SinAspct')
+        est_cos = self.BS_NN.by_col(' est_CosAspct')
+        se_cos = self.BS_NN.by_col(' se_CosAspct')
+        t_cos = self.BS_NN.by_col(' t_CosAspct')
+        est_south = self.BS_NN.by_col(' est_AbsSouth')
+        se_south = self.BS_NN.by_col(' se_AbsSouth')
+        t_south = self.BS_NN.by_col(' t_AbsSouth')
+        est_strm = self.BS_NN.by_col(' est_DistStrm')
+        se_strm = self.BS_NN.by_col(' se_DistStrm')
+        t_strm = self.BS_NN.by_col(' t_DistStrm') 
+        yhat = self.BS_NN.by_col(' yhat')
+        pdev = self.BS_NN.by_col(' localpdev')
+        
+        model = GWR(self.coords, self.y, self.X, bw=158, family=Binomial(), 
+                kernel='bisquare', fixed=False)
+        rslt = model.fit()
+
+        AICc = get_AICc(rslt)
+        AIC = get_AIC(rslt)
+        BIC = get_BIC(rslt)
+        
+        self.assertAlmostEquals(np.floor(AICc), 277.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEquals(np.floor(AIC), 271.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEquals(np.floor(BIC), 358.0)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(est_Int, rslt.params[:,0], rtol=1e-00)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(se_Int, rslt.bse[:,0], rtol=1e-00)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(t_Int, rslt.tvalues[:,0], rtol=1e-00)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(est_elev, rslt.params[:,1], rtol=1e-00)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(se_elev, rslt.bse[:,1], rtol=1e-00)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(t_elev, rslt.tvalues[:,1], rtol=1e-00)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(est_slope, rslt.params[:,2], rtol=1e-00)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(se_slope, rslt.bse[:,2], rtol=1e-00)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(t_slope, rslt.tvalues[:,2], rtol=1e-00)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(est_sin, rslt.params[:,3], rtol=1e01)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(se_sin, rslt.bse[:,3], rtol=1e01)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(t_sin, rslt.tvalues[:,3], rtol=1e01)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(est_cos, rslt.params[:,4], rtol=1e01)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(se_cos, rslt.bse[:,4], rtol=1e01)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(t_cos, rslt.tvalues[:,4], rtol=1e01)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(est_south, rslt.params[:,5], rtol=1e01)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(se_south, rslt.bse[:,5], rtol=1e01)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(t_south, rslt.tvalues[:,5], rtol=1e01)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(est_strm, rslt.params[:,6], rtol=1e03)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(se_strm, rslt.bse[:,6], rtol=1e01)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(t_strm, rslt.tvalues[:,6], rtol=1e03)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(yhat, rslt.mu, rtol=1e-01)
+        #This test fails - likely due to compound rounding errors
+        #Has been tested using statsmodels.family calculations and
+        #code from Jing's python version, which both yield the same
+        #np.testing.assert_allclose(pdev, rslt.pDev, rtol=1e-05)
+
+    def test_GS_F(self):
+        est_Int = self.GS_F.by_col(' est_Intercept')
+        se_Int = self.GS_F.by_col(' se_Intercept')
+        t_Int = self.GS_F.by_col(' t_Intercept')
+        est_elev = self.GS_F.by_col(' est_Elev')
+        se_elev = self.GS_F.by_col(' se_Elev')
+        t_elev = self.GS_F.by_col(' t_Elev')
+        est_slope = self.GS_F.by_col(' est_Slope')
+        se_slope = self.GS_F.by_col(' se_Slope')
+        t_slope = self.GS_F.by_col(' t_Slope')
+        est_sin = self.GS_F.by_col(' est_SinAspct')
+        se_sin = self.GS_F.by_col(' se_SinAspct')
+        t_sin = self.GS_F.by_col(' t_SinAspct')
+        est_cos = self.GS_F.by_col(' est_CosAspct')
+        se_cos = self.GS_F.by_col(' se_CosAspct')
+        t_cos = self.GS_F.by_col(' t_CosAspct')
+        est_south = self.GS_F.by_col(' est_AbsSouth')
+        se_south = self.GS_F.by_col(' se_AbsSouth')
+        t_south = self.GS_F.by_col(' t_AbsSouth')
+        est_strm = self.GS_F.by_col(' est_DistStrm')
+        se_strm = self.GS_F.by_col(' se_DistStrm')
+        t_strm = self.GS_F.by_col(' t_DistStrm') 
+        yhat = self.GS_F.by_col(' yhat')
+        pdev = self.GS_F.by_col(' localpdev')
+
+        model = GWR(self.coords, self.y, self.X, bw=8929.061, family=Binomial(), 
+                kernel='gaussian', fixed=True)
+        rslt = model.fit()
+        
+        AICc = get_AICc(rslt)
+        AIC = get_AIC(rslt)
+        BIC = get_BIC(rslt)
+        
+        self.assertAlmostEquals(np.floor(AICc), 276.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEquals(np.floor(AIC), 272.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEquals(np.floor(BIC), 341.0)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(est_Int, rslt.params[:,0], rtol=1e-00)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(se_Int, rslt.bse[:,0], rtol=1e-00)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(t_Int, rslt.tvalues[:,0], rtol=1e-00)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(est_elev, rslt.params[:,1], rtol=1e-00)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(se_elev, rslt.bse[:,1], rtol=1e-00)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(t_elev, rslt.tvalues[:,1], rtol=1e-00)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(est_slope, rslt.params[:,2], rtol=1e-00)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(se_slope, rslt.bse[:,2], rtol=1e-00)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(t_slope, rslt.tvalues[:,2], rtol=1e-00)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(est_sin, rslt.params[:,3], rtol=1e01)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(se_sin, rslt.bse[:,3], rtol=1e01)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(t_sin, rslt.tvalues[:,3], rtol=1e01)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(est_cos, rslt.params[:,4], rtol=1e01)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(se_cos, rslt.bse[:,4], rtol=1e01)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(t_cos, rslt.tvalues[:,4], rtol=1e01)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(est_south, rslt.params[:,5], rtol=1e01)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(se_south, rslt.bse[:,5], rtol=1e01)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(t_south, rslt.tvalues[:,5], rtol=1e01)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(est_strm, rslt.params[:,6], rtol=1e02)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(se_strm, rslt.bse[:,6], rtol=1e01)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(t_strm, rslt.tvalues[:,6], rtol=1e02)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(yhat, rslt.mu, rtol=1e-01)
+        #This test fails - likely due to compound rounding errors
+        #Has been tested using statsmodels.family calculations and
+        #code from Jing's python version, which both yield the same
+        #np.testing.assert_allclose(pdev, rslt.pDev, rtol=1e-05)
+
+    def test_GS_NN(self):
+        est_Int = self.GS_NN.by_col(' est_Intercept')
+        se_Int = self.GS_NN.by_col(' se_Intercept')
+        t_Int = self.GS_NN.by_col(' t_Intercept')
+        est_elev = self.GS_NN.by_col(' est_Elev')
+        se_elev = self.GS_NN.by_col(' se_Elev')
+        t_elev = self.GS_NN.by_col(' t_Elev')
+        est_slope = self.GS_NN.by_col(' est_Slope')
+        se_slope = self.GS_NN.by_col(' se_Slope')
+        t_slope = self.GS_NN.by_col(' t_Slope')
+        est_sin = self.GS_NN.by_col(' est_SinAspct')
+        se_sin = self.GS_NN.by_col(' se_SinAspct')
+        t_sin = self.GS_NN.by_col(' t_SinAspct')
+        est_cos = self.GS_NN.by_col(' est_CosAspct')
+        se_cos = self.GS_NN.by_col(' se_CosAspct')
+        t_cos = self.GS_NN.by_col(' t_CosAspct')
+        est_south = self.GS_NN.by_col(' est_AbsSouth')
+        se_south = self.GS_NN.by_col(' se_AbsSouth')
+        t_south = self.GS_NN.by_col(' t_AbsSouth')
+        est_strm = self.GS_NN.by_col(' est_DistStrm')
+        se_strm = self.GS_NN.by_col(' se_DistStrm')
+        t_strm = self.GS_NN.by_col(' t_DistStrm') 
+        yhat = self.GS_NN.by_col(' yhat')
+        pdev = self.GS_NN.by_col(' localpdev')
+        
+        model = GWR(self.coords, self.y, self.X, bw=64, family=Binomial(), 
+                kernel='gaussian', fixed=False)
+        rslt = model.fit()
+
+        AICc = get_AICc(rslt)
+        AIC = get_AIC(rslt)
+        BIC = get_BIC(rslt)
+        
+        self.assertAlmostEquals(np.floor(AICc), 276.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEquals(np.floor(AIC), 273.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEquals(np.floor(BIC), 331.0)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(est_Int, rslt.params[:,0], rtol=1e-00)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(se_Int, rslt.bse[:,0], rtol=1e-00)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(t_Int, rslt.tvalues[:,0], rtol=1e-00)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(est_elev, rslt.params[:,1], rtol=1e-00)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(se_elev, rslt.bse[:,1], rtol=1e-00)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(t_elev, rslt.tvalues[:,1], rtol=1e-00)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(est_slope, rslt.params[:,2], rtol=1e-00)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(se_slope, rslt.bse[:,2], rtol=1e-00)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(t_slope, rslt.tvalues[:,2], rtol=1e-00)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(est_sin, rslt.params[:,3], rtol=1e01)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(se_sin, rslt.bse[:,3], rtol=1e01)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(t_sin, rslt.tvalues[:,3], rtol=1e01)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(est_cos, rslt.params[:,4], rtol=1e01)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(se_cos, rslt.bse[:,4], rtol=1e01)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(t_cos, rslt.tvalues[:,4], rtol=1e01)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(est_south, rslt.params[:,5], rtol=1e01)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(se_south, rslt.bse[:,5], rtol=1e01)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(t_south, rslt.tvalues[:,5], rtol=1e01)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(est_strm, rslt.params[:,6], rtol=1e02)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(se_strm, rslt.bse[:,6], rtol=1e01)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(t_strm, rslt.tvalues[:,6], rtol=1e02)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(yhat, rslt.mu, rtol=1e-00)
+        #This test fails - likely due to compound rounding errors
+        #Has been tested using statsmodels.family calculations and
+        #code from Jing's python version, which both yield the same
+        #np.testing.assert_allclose(pdev, rslt.pDev, rtol=1e-05)
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+	unittest.main()

release/python/0.7.0/crankshaft/crankshaft/regression/gwr/base/tests/test_kernels.py

@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+import unittest
+import numpy as np
+import pysal
+from pysal.contrib.gwr.kernels import *
+
+PEGP = pysal.examples.get_path
+
+class TestKernels(unittest.TestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        np.random.seed(1234)
+        x = np.arange(1,6)
+        y = np.arange(5,0, -1)
+        np.random.shuffle(x)
+        np.random.shuffle(y)
+        self.coords = np.array(zip(x, y))
+        self.fix_gauss_kern = np.array([
+        [ 1.        ,  0.38889556,  0.48567179,  0.48567179,  0.89483932],
+        [ 0.38889556,  1.        ,  0.89483932,  0.64118039,  0.48567179],
+        [ 0.48567179,  0.89483932,  1.        ,  0.89483932,  0.48567179],
+        [ 0.48567179,  0.64118039,  0.89483932,  1.        ,  0.38889556],
+        [ 0.89483932,  0.48567179,  0.48567179,  0.38889556,  1.        ]])
+        self.adapt_gauss_kern = np.array([
+        [ 1.        ,  0.52004183,  0.60653072,  0.60653072,  0.92596109],
+        [ 0.34559083,  1.        ,  0.88249692,  0.60653072,  0.44374738],
+        [ 0.03877423,  0.60653072,  1.        ,  0.60653072,  0.03877423],
+        [ 0.44374738,  0.60653072,  0.88249692,  1.        ,  0.34559083],
+        [ 0.92596109,  0.60653072,  0.60653072,  0.52004183,  1.        ]])
+        self.fix_bisquare_kern = np.array([
+        [ 1.        ,  0.        ,  0.        ,  0.        ,  0.60493827],
+        [ 0.        ,  1.        ,  0.60493827,  0.01234568,  0.        ],
+        [ 0.        ,  0.60493827,  1.        ,  0.60493827,  0.        ],
+        [ 0.        ,  0.01234568,  0.60493827,  1.        ,  0.        ],
+        [ 0.60493827,  0.        ,  0.        ,  0.        ,  1.        ]])
+        self.adapt_bisquare_kern = np.array([
+        [  1.00000000e+00,   0.00000000e+00,   0.00000000e+00,
+           3.99999881e-14,   7.15976383e-01],
+        [  0.00000000e+00,   1.00000000e+00,   5.62500075e-01,
+           3.99999881e-14,   0.00000000e+00],
+        [  0.00000000e+00,   3.99999881e-14,   1.00000000e+00,
+           3.99999881e-14,   0.00000000e+00],
+        [  0.00000000e+00,   3.99999881e-14,   5.62500075e-01,
+           1.00000000e+00,   0.00000000e+00],
+        [  7.15976383e-01,   0.00000000e+00,   3.99999881e-14,
+           0.00000000e+00,   1.00000000e+00]])
+        self.fix_exp_kern = np.array([
+        [ 1.        ,  0.2529993 ,  0.30063739,  0.30063739,  0.62412506],
+        [ 0.2529993 ,  1.        ,  0.62412506,  0.38953209,  0.30063739],
+        [ 0.30063739,  0.62412506,  1.        ,  0.62412506,  0.30063739],
+        [ 0.30063739,  0.38953209,  0.62412506,  1.        ,  0.2529993 ],
+        [ 0.62412506,  0.30063739,  0.30063739,  0.2529993 ,  1.        ]])
+        self.adapt_exp_kern = np.array([
+        [ 1.        ,  0.31868771,  0.36787948,  0.36787948,  0.67554721],
+        [ 0.23276223,  1.        ,  0.60653069,  0.36787948,  0.27949951],
+        [ 0.07811997,  0.36787948,  1.        ,  0.36787948,  0.07811997],
+        [ 0.27949951,  0.36787948,  0.60653069,  1.        ,  0.23276223],
+        [ 0.67554721,  0.36787948,  0.36787948,  0.31868771,  1.        ]])
+
+    def test_fix_gauss(self):
+        kern = fix_gauss(self.coords, 3)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(kern, self.fix_gauss_kern)
+
+    def test_adapt_gauss(self):
+        kern = adapt_gauss(self.coords, 3)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(kern, self.adapt_gauss_kern)
+
+    def test_fix_biqsquare(self):
+        kern = fix_bisquare(self.coords, 3)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(kern, self.fix_bisquare_kern,
+                atol=1e-01)
+
+    def test_adapt_bisqaure(self):
+        kern = adapt_bisquare(self.coords, 3)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(kern, self.adapt_bisquare_kern, atol=1e-012)
+    
+    def test_fix_exp(self):
+        kern = fix_exp(self.coords, 3)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(kern, self.fix_exp_kern)
+
+    def test_adapt_exp(self):
+        kern = adapt_exp(self.coords, 3)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(kern, self.adapt_exp_kern)
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    unittest.main()

release/python/0.7.0/crankshaft/crankshaft/regression/gwr/base/tests/test_sel_bw.py

@@ -0,0 +1,139 @@
+
+"""
+GWR is tested against results from GWR4
+"""
+
+import unittest
+import pickle as pk
+from pysal.contrib.glm.family import Gaussian, Poisson, Binomial
+from pysal.contrib.gwr.sel_bw import Sel_BW
+import numpy as np
+import pysal
+
+class TestSelBW(unittest.TestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        data = pysal.open(pysal.examples.get_path('GData_utm.csv'))
+        self.coords = zip(data.by_col('X'), data.by_col('Y'))
+        self.y = np.array(data.by_col('PctBach')).reshape((-1,1))
+        rural  = np.array(data.by_col('PctRural')).reshape((-1,1))
+        pov = np.array(data.by_col('PctPov')).reshape((-1,1)) 
+        black = np.array(data.by_col('PctBlack')).reshape((-1,1))
+        self.X = np.hstack([rural, pov, black])
+        self.XB = pk.load(open(pysal.examples.get_path('XB.p'), 'r'))
+        self.err = pk.load(open(pysal.examples.get_path('err.p'), 'r'))
+  
+    def test_golden_fixed_AICc(self):
+        bw1 = 211027.34
+        bw2 = Sel_BW(self.coords, self.y, self.X, kernel='bisquare',
+                fixed=True).search(criterion='AICc')
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(bw1, bw2)
+
+    def test_golden_adapt_AICc(self):
+        bw1 = 93.0
+        bw2 = Sel_BW(self.coords, self.y, self.X, kernel='bisquare',
+                fixed=False).search(criterion='AICc')
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(bw1, bw2)
+
+    def test_golden_fixed_AIC(self):
+        bw1 = 76169.15
+        bw2 = Sel_BW(self.coords, self.y, self.X, kernel='gaussian',
+                fixed=True).search(criterion='AIC')
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(bw1, bw2)
+    
+    def test_golden_adapt_AIC(self):
+        bw1 = 50.0
+        bw2 = Sel_BW(self.coords, self.y, self.X, kernel='gaussian',
+                fixed=False).search(criterion='AIC')
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(bw1, bw2)
+    
+    def test_golden_fixed_BIC(self):
+        bw1 = 279451.43
+        bw2 = Sel_BW(self.coords, self.y, self.X, kernel='gaussian',
+                fixed=True).search(criterion='BIC')
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(bw1, bw2)
+    
+    def test_golden_adapt_BIC(self):
+        bw1 = 62.0
+        bw2 = Sel_BW(self.coords, self.y, self.X, kernel='gaussian',
+                fixed=False).search(criterion='BIC')
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(bw1, bw2)
+    
+    def test_golden_fixed_CV(self):
+        bw1 = 130406.67
+        bw2 = Sel_BW(self.coords, self.y, self.X, kernel='gaussian',
+                fixed=True).search(criterion='CV')
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(bw1, bw2)
+    
+    def test_golden_adapt_CV(self):
+        bw1 = 68.0
+        bw2 = Sel_BW(self.coords, self.y, self.X, kernel='gaussian',
+                fixed=False).search(criterion='CV')
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(bw1, bw2)
+   
+    def test_interval_fixed_AICc(self):
+        bw1 = 211025.0#211027.00
+        bw2 = Sel_BW(self.coords, self.y, self.X, kernel='bisquare',
+                fixed=True).search(criterion='AICc', search='interval', bw_min=211001.,
+                        bw_max=211035.0, interval=2)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(bw1, bw2)
+
+    def test_interval_adapt_AICc(self):
+        bw1 = 93.0
+        bw2 = Sel_BW(self.coords, self.y, self.X, kernel='bisquare',
+                fixed=False).search(criterion='AICc', search='interval',
+                        bw_min=90.0, bw_max=95.0, interval=1)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(bw1, bw2)
+
+    def test_interval_fixed_AIC(self):
+        bw1 = 76175.0#76169.00
+        bw2 = Sel_BW(self.coords, self.y, self.X, kernel='gaussian',
+                fixed=True).search(criterion='AIC', search='interval',
+                        bw_min=76161.0, bw_max=76175.0, interval=1)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(bw1, bw2)
+    
+    def test_interval_adapt_AIC(self):
+        bw1 = 40.0#50.0
+        bw2 = Sel_BW(self.coords, self.y, self.X, kernel='gaussian',
+                fixed=False).search(criterion='AIC', search='interval', bw_min=40.0,
+                        bw_max=60.0, interval=2)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(bw1, bw2)
+    
+    def test_interval_fixed_BIC(self):
+        bw1 = 279461.0#279451.00
+        bw2 = Sel_BW(self.coords, self.y, self.X, kernel='gaussian',
+                fixed=True).search(criterion='BIC', search='interval', bw_min=279441.0,
+                        bw_max=279461.0, interval=2)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(bw1, bw2)
+    
+    def test_interval_adapt_BIC(self):
+        bw1 = 62.0
+        bw2 = Sel_BW(self.coords, self.y, self.X, kernel='gaussian',
+                fixed=False).search(criterion='BIC', search='interval',
+                        bw_min=52.0, bw_max=72.0, interval=2)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(bw1, bw2)
+    
+    def test_interval_fixed_CV(self):
+        bw1 = 130400.0#130406.00
+        bw2 = Sel_BW(self.coords, self.y, self.X, kernel='gaussian',
+                fixed=True).search(criterion='CV', search='interval', bw_min=130400.0,
+                        bw_max=130410.0, interval=1)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(bw1, bw2)
+    
+    def test_interval_adapt_CV(self):
+        bw1 = 62.0#68.0
+        bw2 = Sel_BW(self.coords, self.y, self.X, kernel='gaussian',
+                fixed=False).search(criterion='CV', search='interval', bw_min=60.0,
+                        bw_max=76.0 , interval=2)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(bw1, bw2)
+
+    def test_FBGWR_AIC(self):
+        bw1 = [157.0, 65.0, 52.0]
+        sel = Sel_BW(self.coords, self.y, self.X, fb=True, kernel='bisquare',
+                constant=False)
+        bw2 = sel.search(tol_fb=1e-03)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(bw1, bw2)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(sel.XB, self.XB, atol=1e-05)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(sel.err, self.err, atol=1e-05)
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+	unittest.main()

release/python/0.7.0/crankshaft/crankshaft/regression/gwr_cs.py

@@ -0,0 +1,202 @@
+"""
+    Geographically weighted regression
+"""
+import numpy as np
+from gwr.base.gwr import GWR as PySAL_GWR
+from gwr.base.sel_bw import Sel_BW
+import json
+from crankshaft.analysis_data_provider import AnalysisDataProvider
+import plpy
+
+
+class GWR:
+    def __init__(self, data_provider=None):
+        if data_provider:
+            self.data_provider = data_provider
+        else:
+            self.data_provider = AnalysisDataProvider()
+
+    def gwr(self, subquery, dep_var, ind_vars,
+            bw=None, fixed=False, kernel='bisquare',
+            geom_col='the_geom', id_col='cartodb_id'):
+        """
+            subquery: 'select * from demographics'
+            dep_var: 'pctbachelor'
+            ind_vars: ['intercept', 'pctpov', 'pctrural', 'pctblack']
+            bw: value of bandwidth, if None then select optimal
+            fixed: False (kNN) or True ('distance')
+            kernel: 'bisquare' (default), or 'exponential', 'gaussian'
+        """
+
+        params = {'geom_col': geom_col,
+                  'id_col': id_col,
+                  'subquery': subquery,
+                  'dep_var': dep_var,
+                  'ind_vars': ind_vars}
+
+        # get data from data provider
+        query_result = self.data_provider.get_gwr(params)
+
+        # exit if data to analyze is empty
+        if len(query_result) == 0:
+            plpy.error('No data passed to analysis or independent variables '
+                       'are all null-valued')
+
+        # unique ids and variable names list
+        rowid = np.array(query_result[0]['rowid'], dtype=np.int)
+
+        # x, y are centroids of input geometries
+        x = np.array(query_result[0]['x'], dtype=np.float)
+        y = np.array(query_result[0]['y'], dtype=np.float)
+        coords = zip(x, y)
+
+        # extract dependent variable
+        Y = np.array(query_result[0]['dep_var'], dtype=np.float).reshape((-1, 1))
+
+        n = Y.shape[0]
+        k = len(ind_vars)
+        X = np.zeros((n, k))
+
+        # extract query result
+        for attr in range(0, k):
+            attr_name = 'attr' + str(attr + 1)
+            X[:, attr] = np.array(
+              query_result[0][attr_name], dtype=np.float).flatten()
+
+        # add intercept variable name
+        ind_vars.insert(0, 'intercept')
+
+        # calculate bandwidth if none is supplied
+        if bw is None:
+            bw = Sel_BW(coords, Y, X,
+                        fixed=fixed, kernel=kernel).search()
+        model = PySAL_GWR(coords, Y, X, bw,
+                          fixed=fixed, kernel=kernel).fit()
+
+        # containers for outputs
+        coeffs = []
+        stand_errs = []
+        t_vals = []
+        filtered_t_vals = []
+
+        # extracted model information
+        c_alpha = model.adj_alpha
+        filtered_t = model.filter_tvals(c_alpha[1])
+        predicted = model.predy.flatten()
+        residuals = model.resid_response
+        r_squared = model.localR2.flatten()
+        bw = np.repeat(float(bw), n)
+
+        # create lists of json objs for model outputs
+        for idx in xrange(n):
+            coeffs.append(json.dumps({var: model.params[idx, k]
+                                      for k, var in enumerate(ind_vars)}))
+            stand_errs.append(json.dumps({var: model.bse[idx, k]
+                                          for k, var in enumerate(ind_vars)}))
+            t_vals.append(json.dumps({var: model.tvalues[idx, k]
+                                      for k, var in enumerate(ind_vars)}))
+            filtered_t_vals.append(
+                    json.dumps({var: filtered_t[idx, k]
+                                for k, var in enumerate(ind_vars)}))
+
+        return zip(coeffs, stand_errs, t_vals, filtered_t_vals,
+                   predicted, residuals, r_squared, bw, rowid)
+
+    def gwr_predict(self, subquery, dep_var, ind_vars,
+                    bw=None, fixed=False, kernel='bisquare',
+                    geom_col='the_geom', id_col='cartodb_id'):
+        """
+        subquery: 'select * from demographics'
+        dep_var: 'pctbachelor'
+        ind_vars: ['intercept', 'pctpov', 'pctrural', 'pctblack']
+        bw: value of bandwidth, if None then select optimal
+        fixed: False (kNN) or True ('distance')
+        kernel: 'bisquare' (default), or 'exponential', 'gaussian'
+        """
+
+        params = {'geom_col': geom_col,
+                  'id_col': id_col,
+                  'subquery': subquery,
+                  'dep_var': dep_var,
+                  'ind_vars': ind_vars}
+
+        # get data from data provider
+        query_result = self.data_provider.get_gwr_predict(params)
+
+        # exit if data to analyze is empty
+        if len(query_result) == 0:
+            plpy.error('No data passed to analysis or independent variables '
+                       'are all null-valued')
+
+        # unique ids and variable names list
+        rowid = np.array(query_result[0]['rowid'], dtype=np.int)
+
+        x = np.array(query_result[0]['x'], dtype=np.float)
+        y = np.array(query_result[0]['y'], dtype=np.float)
+        coords = np.array(zip(x, y), dtype=np.float)
+
+        # extract dependent variable
+        Y = np.array(query_result[0]['dep_var']).reshape((-1, 1))
+
+        n = Y.shape[0]
+        k = len(ind_vars)
+        X = np.empty((n, k), dtype=np.float)
+
+        for attr in range(0, k):
+            attr_name = 'attr' + str(attr + 1)
+            X[:, attr] = np.array(
+              query_result[0][attr_name], dtype=np.float).flatten()
+
+        # add intercept variable name
+        ind_vars.insert(0, 'intercept')
+
+        # split data into "training" and "test" for predictions
+        # create index to split based on null y values
+        train = np.where(Y != np.array(None))[0]
+        test = np.where(Y == np.array(None))[0]
+
+        # report error if there is no data to predict
+        if len(test) < 1:
+            plpy.error('No rows flagged for prediction: verify that rows '
+                       'denoting prediction locations have a dependent '
+                       'variable value of `null`')
+
+        # split dependent variable (only need training which is non-Null's)
+        Y_train = Y[train].reshape((-1, 1))
+        Y_train = Y_train.astype(np.float)
+
+        # split coords
+        coords_train = coords[train]
+        coords_test = coords[test]
+
+        # split explanatory variables
+        X_train = X[train]
+        X_test = X[test]
+
+        # calculate bandwidth if none is supplied
+        if bw is None:
+            bw = Sel_BW(coords_train, Y_train, X_train,
+                        fixed=fixed, kernel=kernel).search()
+
+        # estimate model and predict at new locations
+        model = PySAL_GWR(coords_train, Y_train, X_train,
+                          bw, fixed=fixed,
+                          kernel=kernel).predict(coords_test, X_test)
+
+        coeffs = []
+        stand_errs = []
+        t_vals = []
+        r_squared = model.localR2.flatten()
+        predicted = model.predy.flatten()
+
+        m = len(model.predy)
+        for idx in xrange(m):
+            coeffs.append(json.dumps({var: model.params[idx, k]
+                                      for k, var in enumerate(ind_vars)}))
+            stand_errs.append(json.dumps({var: model.bse[idx, k]
+                                          for k, var in enumerate(ind_vars)}))
+            t_vals.append(json.dumps({var: model.tvalues[idx, k]
+                                      for k, var in enumerate(ind_vars)}))
+
+        return zip(coeffs, stand_errs, t_vals,
+                   r_squared, predicted, rowid[test])

release/python/0.7.0/crankshaft/crankshaft/segmentation/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+from segmentation import * 

release/python/0.7.0/crankshaft/crankshaft/segmentation/segmentation.py

@@ -0,0 +1,176 @@
+"""
+Segmentation creation and prediction
+"""
+
+import sklearn
+import numpy as np
+import plpy
+from sklearn.ensemble import GradientBoostingRegressor
+from sklearn import metrics
+from sklearn.cross_validation import train_test_split
+
+# Lower level functions
+#----------------------
+
+def replace_nan_with_mean(array):
+    """
+        Input:
+            @param array: an array of floats which may have null-valued entries
+        Output:
+            array with nans filled in with the mean of the dataset
+    """
+    # returns an array of rows and column indices
+    indices = np.where(np.isnan(array))
+
+    # iterate through entries which have nan values
+    for row, col in zip(*indices):
+            array[row, col] = np.mean(array[~np.isnan(array[:, col]), col])
+
+    return array
+
+def get_data(variable, feature_columns, query):
+    """
+        Fetch data from the database, clean, and package into
+          numpy arrays
+        Input:
+            @param variable: name of the target variable
+            @param feature_columns: list of column names
+            @param query: subquery that data is pulled from for the packaging
+        Output:
+            prepared data, packaged into NumPy arrays
+    """
+
+    columns = ','.join(['array_agg("{col}") As "{col}"'.format(col=col) for col in feature_columns])
+
+    try:
+        data = plpy.execute('''SELECT array_agg("{variable}") As target, {columns} FROM ({query}) As a'''.format(
+            variable=variable,
+            columns=columns,
+            query=query))
+    except Exception, e:
+        plpy.error('Failed to access data to build segmentation model: %s' % e)
+
+    # extract target data from plpy object
+    target = np.array(data[0]['target'])
+
+    # put n feature data arrays into an n x m array of arrays
+    features = np.column_stack([np.array(data[0][col], dtype=float) for col in feature_columns])
+
+    return replace_nan_with_mean(target), replace_nan_with_mean(features)
+
+# High level interface
+# --------------------
+
+def create_and_predict_segment_agg(target, features, target_features, target_ids, model_parameters):
+    """
+    Version of create_and_predict_segment that works on arrays that come stright form the SQL calling
+    the function.
+
+        Input:
+            @param target: The 1D array of lenth NSamples containing the target variable we want the model to predict
+            @param features: Thw 2D array of size NSamples * NFeatures that form the imput to the model
+            @param target_ids: A 1D array of target_ids that will be used to associate the results of the prediction with the rows which they come from
+            @param model_parameters: A dictionary containing parameters for the model.
+    """
+
+    clean_target = replace_nan_with_mean(target)
+    clean_features = replace_nan_with_mean(features)
+    target_features = replace_nan_with_mean(target_features)
+
+    model, accuracy = train_model(clean_target, clean_features, model_parameters, 0.2)
+    prediction = model.predict(target_features)
+    accuracy_array = [accuracy]*prediction.shape[0]
+    return zip(target_ids, prediction, np.full(prediction.shape, accuracy_array))
+
+
+
+def create_and_predict_segment(query, variable, target_query, model_params):
+    """
+    generate a segment with machine learning
+    Stuart Lynn
+    """
+
+    ## fetch column names
+    try:
+        columns = plpy.execute('SELECT * FROM ({query}) As a LIMIT 1  '.format(query=query))[0].keys()
+    except Exception, e:
+        plpy.error('Failed to build segmentation model: %s' % e)
+
+    ## extract column names to be used in building the segmentation model
+    feature_columns = set(columns) - set([variable, 'cartodb_id', 'the_geom', 'the_geom_webmercator'])
+    ## get data from database
+    target, features = get_data(variable, feature_columns, query)
+
+    model, accuracy = train_model(target, features, model_params, 0.2)
+    cartodb_ids, result = predict_segment(model, feature_columns, target_query)
+    accuracy_array = [accuracy]*result.shape[0]
+    return zip(cartodb_ids, result, accuracy_array)
+
+
+def train_model(target, features, model_params, test_split):
+    """
+        Train the Gradient Boosting model on the provided data and calculate the accuracy of the model
+        Input:
+            @param target: 1D Array of the variable that the model is to be trianed to predict
+            @param features: 2D Array NSamples * NFeatures to use in trining the model
+            @param model_params: A dictionary of model parameters, the full specification can be found on the
+                scikit learn page for [GradientBoostingRegressor](http://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/generated/sklearn.ensemble.GradientBoostingRegressor.html)
+            @parma test_split: The fraction of the data to be withheld for testing the model / calculating the accuray
+    """
+    features_train, features_test, target_train, target_test = train_test_split(features, target, test_size=test_split)
+    model = GradientBoostingRegressor(**model_params)
+    model.fit(features_train, target_train)
+    accuracy = calculate_model_accuracy(model, features, target)
+    return model, accuracy
+
+def calculate_model_accuracy(model, features, target):
+    """
+        Calculate the mean squared error of the model prediction
+        Input:
+            @param model: model trained from input features
+            @param features: features to make a prediction from
+            @param target: target to compare prediction to
+        Output:
+            mean squared error of the model prection compared to the target
+    """
+    prediction = model.predict(features)
+    return metrics.mean_squared_error(prediction, target)
+
+def predict_segment(model, features, target_query):
+    """
+    Use the provided model to predict the values for the new feature set
+        Input:
+            @param model: The pretrained model
+            @features: A list of features to use in the model prediction (list of column names)
+            @target_query: The query to run to obtain the data to predict on and the cartdb_ids associated with it.
+    """
+
+    batch_size = 1000
+    joined_features = ','.join(['"{0}"::numeric'.format(a) for a in features])
+
+    try:
+        cursor = plpy.cursor('SELECT Array[{joined_features}] As features FROM ({target_query}) As a'.format(
+            joined_features=joined_features,
+            target_query=target_query))
+    except Exception, e:
+        plpy.error('Failed to build segmentation model: %s' % e)
+
+    results = []
+
+    while True:
+        rows = cursor.fetch(batch_size)
+        if not rows:
+            break
+        batch = np.row_stack([np.array(row['features'], dtype=float) for row in rows])
+
+        #Need to fix this. Should be global mean. This will cause weird effects
+        batch = replace_nan_with_mean(batch)
+        prediction = model.predict(batch)
+        results.append(prediction)
+
+    try:
+        cartodb_ids = plpy.execute('''SELECT array_agg(cartodb_id ORDER BY cartodb_id) As cartodb_ids FROM ({0}) As a'''.format(target_query))[0]['cartodb_ids']
+    except Exception, e:
+        plpy.error('Failed to build segmentation model: %s' % e)
+
+    return cartodb_ids, np.concatenate(results)

release/python/0.7.0/crankshaft/crankshaft/space_time_dynamics/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+"""Import all functions from clustering libraries."""
+from markov import *

release/python/0.7.0/crankshaft/crankshaft/space_time_dynamics/markov.py

@@ -0,0 +1,194 @@
+"""
+Spatial dynamics measurements using Spatial Markov
+"""
+
+# TODO: remove all plpy dependencies
+
+import numpy as np
+import pysal as ps
+import plpy
+import crankshaft.pysal_utils as pu
+from crankshaft.analysis_data_provider import AnalysisDataProvider
+
+
+class Markov(object):
+    def __init__(self, data_provider=None):
+        if data_provider is None:
+            self.data_provider = AnalysisDataProvider()
+        else:
+            self.data_provider = data_provider
+
+    def spatial_trend(self, subquery, time_cols, num_classes=7,
+                      w_type='knn', num_ngbrs=5, permutations=0,
+                      geom_col='the_geom', id_col='cartodb_id'):
+        """
+            Predict the trends of a unit based on:
+            1. history of its transitions to different classes (e.g., 1st
+               quantile -> 2nd quantile)
+            2. average class of its neighbors
+
+            Inputs:
+            @param subquery string: e.g., SELECT the_geom, cartodb_id,
+              interesting_time_column FROM table_name
+            @param time_cols list of strings: list of strings of column names
+            @param num_classes (optional): number of classes to break
+              distribution of values into. Currently uses quantile bins.
+            @param w_type string (optional): weight type ('knn' or 'queen')
+            @param num_ngbrs int (optional): number of neighbors (if knn type)
+            @param permutations int (optional): number of permutations for test
+              stats
+            @param geom_col string (optional): name of column which contains
+              the geometries
+            @param id_col string (optional): name of column which has the ids
+              of the table
+
+            Outputs:
+            @param trend_up float: probablity that a geom will move to a higher
+              class
+            @param trend_down float: probablity that a geom will move to a
+              lower class
+            @param trend float: (trend_up - trend_down) / trend_static
+            @param volatility float: a measure of the volatility based on
+              probability stddev(prob array)
+        """
+
+        if len(time_cols) < 2:
+            plpy.error('More than one time column needs to be passed')
+
+        params = {"id_col": id_col,
+                  "time_cols": time_cols,
+                  "geom_col": geom_col,
+                  "subquery": subquery,
+                  "num_ngbrs": num_ngbrs}
+
+        result = self.data_provider.get_markov(w_type, params)
+
+        # build weight
+        weights = pu.get_weight(result, w_type)
+        weights.transform = 'r'
+
+        # prep time data
+        t_data = get_time_data(result, time_cols)
+
+        sp_markov_result = ps.Spatial_Markov(t_data,
+                                             weights,
+                                             k=num_classes,
+                                             fixed=False,
+                                             permutations=permutations)
+
+        # get lag classes
+        lag_classes = ps.Quantiles(
+            ps.lag_spatial(weights, t_data[:, -1]),
+            k=num_classes).yb
+
+        # look up probablity distribution for each unit according to class and
+        #  lag class
+        prob_dist = get_prob_dist(sp_markov_result.P,
+                                  lag_classes,
+                                  sp_markov_result.classes[:, -1])
+
+        # find the ups and down and overall distribution of each cell
+        trend_up, trend_down, trend, volatility = get_prob_stats(prob_dist, sp_markov_result.classes[:, -1])
+
+        # output the results
+        return zip(trend, trend_up, trend_down, volatility, weights.id_order)
+
+
+
+def get_time_data(markov_data, time_cols):
+    """
+        Extract the time columns and bin appropriately
+    """
+    num_attrs = len(time_cols)
+    return np.array([[x['attr' + str(i)] for x in markov_data]
+                     for i in range(1, num_attrs+1)], dtype=float).transpose()
+
+
+# not currently used
+def rebin_data(time_data, num_time_per_bin):
+    """
+        Convert an n x l matrix into an (n/m) x l matrix where the values are
+         reduced (averaged) for the intervening states:
+          1 2 3 4    1.5 3.5
+          5 6 7 8 -> 5.5 7.5
+          9 8 7 6    8.5 6.5
+          5 4 3 2    4.5 2.5
+
+          if m = 2, the 4 x 4 matrix is transformed to a 2 x 4 matrix.
+
+        This process effectively resamples the data at a longer time span n
+         units longer than the input data.
+        For cases when there is a remainder (remainder(5/3) = 2), the remaining
+         two columns are binned together as the last time period, while the
+         first three are binned together for the first period.
+
+        Input:
+          @param time_data n x l  ndarray: measurements of an attribute at
+           different time intervals
+          @param num_time_per_bin int: number of columns to average into a new
+           column
+        Output:
+          ceil(n / m) x l ndarray of resampled time series
+    """
+
+    if time_data.shape[1] % num_time_per_bin == 0:
+        # if fit is perfect, then use it
+        n_max = time_data.shape[1] / num_time_per_bin
+    else:
+        # fit remainders into an additional column
+        n_max = time_data.shape[1] / num_time_per_bin + 1
+
+    return np.array(
+      [time_data[:, num_time_per_bin * i:num_time_per_bin * (i+1)].mean(axis=1)
+       for i in range(n_max)]).T
+
+
+def get_prob_dist(transition_matrix, lag_indices, unit_indices):
+    """
+        Given an array of transition matrices, look up the probability
+        associated with the arrangements passed
+
+        Input:
+        @param transition_matrix ndarray[k,k,k]:
+        @param lag_indices ndarray:
+        @param unit_indices ndarray:
+
+        Output:
+        Array of probability distributions
+    """
+
+    return np.array([transition_matrix[(lag_indices[i], unit_indices[i])]
+                     for i in range(len(lag_indices))])
+
+
+def get_prob_stats(prob_dist, unit_indices):
+    """
+        get the statistics of the probability distributions
+
+        Outputs:
+            @param trend_up ndarray(float): sum of probabilities for upward
+               movement (relative to the unit index of that prob)
+            @param trend_down ndarray(float): sum of probabilities for downward
+               movement (relative to the unit index of that prob)
+            @param trend ndarray(float): difference of upward and downward
+               movements
+    """
+
+    num_elements = len(unit_indices)
+    trend_up = np.empty(num_elements, dtype=float)
+    trend_down = np.empty(num_elements, dtype=float)
+    trend = np.empty(num_elements, dtype=float)
+
+    for i in range(num_elements):
+        trend_up[i] = prob_dist[i, (unit_indices[i]+1):].sum()
+        trend_down[i] = prob_dist[i, :unit_indices[i]].sum()
+        if prob_dist[i, unit_indices[i]] > 0.0:
+            trend[i] = (trend_up[i] - trend_down[i]) / (
+              prob_dist[i, unit_indices[i]])
+        else:
+            trend[i] = None
+
+    # calculate volatility of distribution
+    volatility = prob_dist.std(axis=1)
+
+    return trend_up, trend_down, trend, volatility

release/python/0.7.0/crankshaft/requirements.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+joblib==0.8.3
+numpy==1.6.1
+scipy==0.14.0
+pysal==1.14.3
+scikit-learn==0.14.1

release/python/0.7.0/crankshaft/setup.py

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+
+"""
+CartoDB Spatial Analysis Python Library
+See:
+https://github.com/CartoDB/crankshaft
+"""
+
+from setuptools import setup, find_packages
+
+setup(
+    name='crankshaft',
+
+    version='0.7.0',
+
+    description='CartoDB Spatial Analysis Python Library',
+
+    url='https://github.com/CartoDB/crankshaft',
+
+    author='Data Services Team - CartoDB',
+    author_email='dataservices@cartodb.com',
+
+    license='MIT',
+
+    classifiers=[
+        'Development Status :: 3 - Alpha',
+        'Intended Audience :: Mapping comunity',
+        'Topic :: Maps :: Mapping Tools',
+        'License :: OSI Approved :: MIT License',
+        'Programming Language :: Python :: 2.7',
+    ],
+
+    keywords='maps mapping tools spatial analysis geostatistics',
+
+    packages=find_packages(exclude=['contrib', 'docs', 'tests']),
+
+    extras_require={
+        'dev': ['unittest'],
+        'test': ['unittest', 'nose', 'mock'],
+    },
+
+    # The choice of component versions is dictated by what's
+    # provisioned in the production servers.
+    # IMPORTANT NOTE: please don't change this line. Instead issue a ticket to systems for evaluation.
+    install_requires=['joblib==0.8.3', 'numpy==1.6.1', 'scipy==0.14.0', 'pysal==1.14.3', 'scikit-learn==0.14.1'],
+
+    requires=['pysal', 'numpy', 'sklearn'],
+
+    test_suite='test'
+)

release/python/0.7.0/crankshaft/test/fixtures/getis.json

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+[[0.004793783909323601, 0.17999999999999999, 0.49808756424021061], [-1.0701189472090842, 0.079000000000000001, 0.14228288580832316], [-0.67867750971877305, 0.42099999999999999, 0.24867110969448558], [-0.67407386707620487, 0.246, 0.25013217644612995], [-0.79495689068870035, 0.33200000000000002, 0.21331928959090596], [-0.49279481022182703, 0.058999999999999997, 0.31107878905057329], [-0.38075627530057132, 0.28399999999999997, 0.35169205342069643], [-0.86710921611314895, 0.23699999999999999, 0.19294108571294855], [-0.78618647240956485, 0.050000000000000003, 0.2158791250244505], [-0.76108527223116984, 0.064000000000000001, 0.22330306830813684], [-0.13340753531942209, 0.247, 0.44693554317763651], [-0.57584545722033043, 0.48999999999999999, 0.28235982246156488], [-0.78882694661192831, 0.433, 0.2151065788731219], [-0.38769767950046219, 0.375, 0.34911988661484239], [-0.56057819488052207, 0.41399999999999998, 0.28754255985169652], [-0.41354017495644935, 0.45500000000000002, 0.339605447117173], [-0.23993577722243081, 0.49099999999999999, 0.40519002230969337], [-0.1389080156677496, 0.40400000000000003, 0.44476141839645233], [-0.25485737510500855, 0.376, 0.39941662953554224], [-0.71218610582902353, 0.17399999999999999, 0.23817476979886087], [-0.54533105995872144, 0.13700000000000001, 0.2927629228714812], [-0.39547917847510977, 0.033000000000000002, 0.34624464252424236], [-0.43052658996257548, 0.35399999999999998, 0.33340631435564982], [-0.37296719193774736, 0.40300000000000002, 0.35458643102865428], [-0.66482612169465694, 0.31900000000000001, 0.25308085650392698], [-0.13772133540823422, 0.34699999999999998, 0.44523032843016275], [-0.6765304487868502, 0.20999999999999999, 0.24935196033890672], [-0.64518763494323472, 0.32200000000000001, 0.25940279912025543], [-0.5078622084312413, 0.41099999999999998, 0.30577498972600159], [-0.12652006733772059, 0.42899999999999999, 0.44966013262301163], [-0.32691133022814595, 0.498, 0.37186747562269029], [0.25533848511500978, 0.42399999999999999, 0.39923083899077472], [2.7045138116476508, 0.0050000000000000001, 0.0034202212972238577], [-0.1551614486076057, 0.44400000000000001, 0.43834701985429037], [1.9524487722567723, 0.012999999999999999, 0.025442473674991528], [-1.2055816465306763, 0.017000000000000001, 0.11398941970467646], [3.478472976017831, 0.002, 0.00025213964072468009], [-1.4621715757903719, 0.002, 0.071847099325659136], [-0.84010307600180256, 0.085000000000000006, 0.20042529779230778], [5.7097646237318243, 0.0030000000000000001, 5.6566262784940591e-09], [1.5082367956567375, 0.065000000000000002, 0.065746966514827365], [-0.58337270103430816, 0.44, 0.27982121546450034], [-0.083271860457022437, 0.45100000000000001, 0.46681768733385554], [-0.46872337815000953, 0.34599999999999997, 0.31963368715684204], [0.18490279849545319, 0.23799999999999999, 0.42665263797981101], [3.470424529947997, 0.012, 0.00025981817437825683], [-0.99942612137154796, 0.032000000000000001, 0.15879415560388499], [-1.3650387953594485, 0.034000000000000002, 0.08612042845912049], [1.8617160516432014, 0.081000000000000003, 0.03132156240215267], [1.1321188945775384, 0.11600000000000001, 0.12879222611766061], [0.064116686050580601, 0.27300000000000002, 0.4744386578180424], [-0.42032194540259099, 0.29999999999999999, 0.33712514016213468], [-0.79581215423980922, 0.123, 0.21307061309098785], [-0.42792753720906046, 0.45600000000000002, 0.33435193892883741], [-1.0629378527428395, 0.051999999999999998, 0.14390506780140866], [-0.54164761752225477, 0.33700000000000002, 0.29403064095211839], [1.0934778886820793, 0.13700000000000001, 0.13709201601893539], [-0.094068785378413719, 0.38200000000000001, 0.46252725802998929], [0.13482026574801856, 0.36799999999999999, 0.44637699118865737], [-0.13976995315653129, 0.34699999999999998, 0.44442087706276601], [-0.051047663924746682, 0.32000000000000001, 0.47964376985626245], [-0.21468297736730158, 0.41699999999999998, 0.41500724761906527], [-0.20873154637330626, 0.38800000000000001, 0.41732890604390893], [-0.32427876152583485, 0.49199999999999999, 0.37286349875557478], [-0.65254842943280977, 0.374, 0.25702372075306734], [-0.48611858196118796, 0.23300000000000001, 0.31344154643990074], [-0.14482354344529477, 0.32600000000000001, 0.44242509660469886], [-0.51052030974200002, 0.439, 0.30484349480873729], [0.56814382285283538, 0.14999999999999999, 0.28496865660103166], [0.58680919931668207, 0.161, 0.27866592887231878], [0.013390357044409013, 0.25800000000000001, 0.49465818005865647], [-0.19050728887961568, 0.41399999999999998, 0.4244558160399462], [-0.60531777422216049, 0.35199999999999998, 0.2724839368239631], [1.0899331115425805, 0.127, 0.13787130480311838], [0.17015055382651084, 0.36899999999999999, 0.43244586845546418], [-0.21738337124409801, 0.40600000000000003, 0.41395479459421991], [1.0329303331079593, 0.079000000000000001, 0.15081825117169467], [1.0218317101096221, 0.104, 0.15343027913308094]]

release/python/0.7.0/crankshaft/test/fixtures/kmeans.json

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+[{"xs": [9.917239463463458, 9.042767302696836, 10.798929825304187, 8.763751051762995, 11.383882954810852, 11.018206993460897, 8.939526075734316, 9.636159342565252, 10.136336896960058, 11.480610059427342, 12.115011910725082, 9.173267848893428, 10.239300931201738, 8.00012512174072, 8.979962292282131, 9.318376124429575, 10.82259513754284, 10.391747171927115, 10.04904588886165, 9.96007160443463, -0.78825626804569, -0.3511819898577426, -1.2796410003764271, -0.3977049391203402, 2.4792311265774667, 1.3670311632092624, 1.2963504112955613, 2.0404844103073025, -1.6439708506073223, 0.39122885445645805, 1.026031821452462, -0.04044477160482201, -0.7442346929085072, -0.34687120826243034, -0.23420359971379054, -0.5919629143336708, -0.202903054395391, -0.1893399644841902, 1.9331834251176807, -0.12321054392851609], "ys": [8.735627063679981, 9.857615954045011, 10.81439096759407, 10.586727233537191, 9.232919976568622, 11.54281262696508, 8.392787912674466, 9.355119689665944, 9.22380703532752, 10.542142541823122, 10.111980619367035, 10.760836265570738, 8.819773453269804, 10.25325722424816, 9.802077905695608, 8.955420161552611, 9.833801181904477, 10.491684241001613, 12.076108669877556, 11.74289693140474, -0.5685725015474191, -0.5715728344759778, -0.20180907868635137, 0.38431336480089595, -0.3402202083684184, -2.4652736827783586, 0.08295159401756182, 0.8503818775816505, 0.6488691600321166, 0.5794762568230527, -0.6770063922144103, -0.6557616416449478, -1.2834289177624947, 0.1096318195532717, -0.38986922166834853, -1.6224497706950238, 0.09429787743230483, 0.4005097316394031, -0.508002811195673, -1.2473463371366507], "ids": [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39]}]

release/python/0.7.0/crankshaft/test/fixtures/markov.json

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+[[0.11111111111111112, 0.10000000000000001, 0.0, 0.35213633723318016, 0], [0.03125, 0.030303030303030304, 0.0, 0.3850273981640871, 1], [0.03125, 0.030303030303030304, 0.0, 0.3850273981640871, 2], [0.0, 0.10000000000000001, 0.10000000000000001, 0.30331501776206204, 3], [0.0, 0.065217391304347824, 0.065217391304347824, 0.33605067580764519, 4], [-0.054054054054054057, 0.0, 0.05128205128205128, 0.37488547451276033, 5], [0.1875, 0.23999999999999999, 0.12, 0.23731835158706122, 6], [0.034482758620689655, 0.0625, 0.03125, 0.35388469167230169, 7], [0.030303030303030304, 0.078947368421052627, 0.052631578947368418, 0.33560628561957595, 8], [0.19047619047619049, 0.16, 0.0, 0.32594478059941379, 9], [-0.23529411764705882, 0.0, 0.19047619047619047, 0.31356338348865387, 10], [0.030303030303030304, 0.078947368421052627, 0.052631578947368418, 0.33560628561957595, 11], [-0.22222222222222224, 0.13333333333333333, 0.26666666666666666, 0.22310934040908681, 12], [0.027777777777777783, 0.11111111111111112, 0.088888888888888892, 0.30339641183779581, 13], [0.03125, 0.030303030303030304, 0.0, 0.3850273981640871, 14], [0.052631578947368425, 0.090909090909090912, 0.045454545454545456, 0.33352611505171165, 15], [-0.22222222222222224, 0.13333333333333333, 0.26666666666666666, 0.22310934040908681, 16], [-0.20512820512820512, 0.0, 0.1702127659574468, 0.32172013908826891, 17], [-0.20512820512820512, 0.0, 0.1702127659574468, 0.32172013908826891, 18], [-0.0625, 0.095238095238095233, 0.14285714285714285, 0.28634850244519822, 19], [0.0, 0.10000000000000001, 0.10000000000000001, 0.30331501776206204, 20], [0.078947368421052641, 0.073170731707317083, 0.0, 0.36451788667842738, 21], [0.030303030303030304, 0.078947368421052627, 0.052631578947368418, 0.33560628561957595, 22], [-0.16666666666666663, 0.18181818181818182, 0.27272727272727271, 0.20246415864836445, 23], [-0.22222222222222224, 0.13333333333333333, 0.26666666666666666, 0.22310934040908681, 24], [0.1875, 0.23999999999999999, 0.12, 0.23731835158706122, 25], [-0.20512820512820512, 0.0, 0.1702127659574468, 0.32172013908826891, 26], [-0.043478260869565216, 0.0, 0.041666666666666664, 0.37950991789118999, 27], [0.22222222222222221, 0.18181818181818182, 0.0, 0.31701083225750354, 28], [-0.054054054054054057, 0.0, 0.05128205128205128, 0.37488547451276033, 29], [-0.0625, 0.095238095238095233, 0.14285714285714285, 0.28634850244519822, 30], [0.0, 0.10000000000000001, 0.10000000000000001, 0.30331501776206204, 31], [0.030303030303030304, 0.078947368421052627, 0.052631578947368418, 0.33560628561957595, 32], [-0.0625, 0.095238095238095233, 0.14285714285714285, 0.28634850244519822, 33], [0.034482758620689655, 0.0625, 0.03125, 0.35388469167230169, 34], [0.0, 0.10000000000000001, 0.10000000000000001, 0.30331501776206204, 35], [-0.054054054054054057, 0.0, 0.05128205128205128, 0.37488547451276033, 36], [0.11111111111111112, 0.10000000000000001, 0.0, 0.35213633723318016, 37], [-0.22222222222222224, 0.13333333333333333, 0.26666666666666666, 0.22310934040908681, 38], [-0.0625, 0.095238095238095233, 0.14285714285714285, 0.28634850244519822, 39], [0.034482758620689655, 0.0625, 0.03125, 0.35388469167230169, 40], [0.11111111111111112, 0.10000000000000001, 0.0, 0.35213633723318016, 41], [0.052631578947368425, 0.090909090909090912, 0.045454545454545456, 0.33352611505171165, 42], [0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.40000000000000002, 43], [0.0, 0.065217391304347824, 0.065217391304347824, 0.33605067580764519, 44], [0.078947368421052641, 0.073170731707317083, 0.0, 0.36451788667842738, 45], [0.052631578947368425, 0.090909090909090912, 0.045454545454545456, 0.33352611505171165, 46], [-0.20512820512820512, 0.0, 0.1702127659574468, 0.32172013908826891, 47]]

release/python/0.7.0/crankshaft/test/fixtures/moran.json

@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+[[0.9319096128346788, "HH"],
+[-1.135787401862846, "HL"],
+[0.11732030672508517, "LL"],
+[0.6152779669180425, "LL"],
+[-0.14657336660125297, "LH"],
+[0.6967858120189607, "LL"],
+[0.07949310115714454, "HH"],
+[0.4703198759258987, "HH"],
+[0.4421125200498064, "HH"],
+[0.5724288737143592, "LL"],
+[0.8970743435692062, "LL"],
+[0.18327334401918674, "LL"],
+[-0.01466729201304962, "HL"],
+[0.3481559372544409, "LL"],
+[0.06547094736902978, "LL"],
+[0.15482141569329988, "HH"],
+[0.4373841193538136, "HH"],
+[0.15971286468915544, "LL"],
+[1.0543588860308968, "HH"],
+[1.7372866900020818, "HH"],
+[1.091998586053999, "LL"],
+[0.1171572584252222, "HH"],
+[0.08438455015300014, "LL"],
+[0.06547094736902978, "LL"],
+[0.15482141569329985, "HH"],
+[1.1627044812890683, "HH"],
+[0.06547094736902978, "LL"],
+[0.795275137550483, "HH"],
+[0.18562939195219, "LL"],
+[0.3010757406693439, "LL"],
+[2.8205795942839376, "HH"],
+[0.11259190602909264, "LL"],
+[-0.07116352791516614, "HL"],
+[-0.09945240794119009, "LH"],
+[0.18562939195219, "LL"],
+[0.1832733440191868, "LL"],
+[-0.39054253768447705, "HL"],
+[-0.1672071289487642, "HL"],
+[0.3337669247916343, "HH"],
+[0.2584386102554792, "HH"],
+[-0.19733845476322634, "HL"],
+[-0.9379282899805409, "LH"],
+[-0.028770969951095866, "LH"],
+[0.051367269430983485, "LL"],
+[-0.2172548045913472, "LH"],
+[0.05136726943098351, "LL"],
+[0.04191046803899837, "LL"],
+[0.7482357030403517, "HH"],
+[-0.014585767863118111, "LH"],
+[0.5410013139159929, "HH"],
+[1.0223932668429925, "LL"],
+[1.4179402898927476, "LL"]]

release/python/0.7.0/crankshaft/test/fixtures/neighbors.json

@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+[
+    {"neighbors": [48, 26, 20, 9, 31], "id": 1, "value": 0.5},
+    {"neighbors": [30, 16, 46, 3, 4], "id": 2, "value": 0.7},
+    {"neighbors": [46, 30, 2, 12, 16], "id": 3, "value": 0.2},
+    {"neighbors": [18, 30, 23, 2, 52], "id": 4, "value": 0.1},
+    {"neighbors": [47, 40, 45, 37, 28], "id": 5, "value": 0.3},
+    {"neighbors": [10, 21, 41, 14, 37], "id": 6, "value": 0.05},
+    {"neighbors": [8, 17, 43, 25, 12], "id": 7, "value": 0.4},
+    {"neighbors": [17, 25, 43, 22, 7], "id": 8, "value": 0.7},
+    {"neighbors": [39, 34, 1, 26, 48], "id": 9, "value": 0.5},
+    {"neighbors": [6, 37, 5, 45, 49], "id": 10, "value": 0.04},
+    {"neighbors": [51, 41, 29, 21, 14], "id": 11, "value": 0.08},
+    {"neighbors": [44, 46, 43, 50, 3], "id": 12, "value": 0.2},
+    {"neighbors": [45, 23, 14, 28, 18], "id": 13, "value": 0.4},
+    {"neighbors": [41, 29, 13, 23, 6], "id": 14, "value": 0.2},
+    {"neighbors": [36, 27, 32, 33, 24], "id": 15, "value": 0.3},
+    {"neighbors": [19, 2, 46, 44, 28], "id": 16, "value": 0.4},
+    {"neighbors": [8, 25, 43, 7, 22], "id": 17, "value": 0.6},
+    {"neighbors": [23, 4, 29, 14, 13], "id": 18, "value": 0.3},
+    {"neighbors": [42, 16, 28, 26, 40], "id": 19, "value": 0.7},
+    {"neighbors": [1, 48, 31, 26, 42], "id": 20, "value": 0.8},
+    {"neighbors": [41, 6, 11, 14, 10], "id": 21, "value": 0.1},
+    {"neighbors": [25, 50, 43, 31, 44], "id": 22, "value": 0.4},
+    {"neighbors": [18, 13, 14, 4, 2], "id": 23, "value": 0.1},
+    {"neighbors": [33, 49, 34, 47, 27], "id": 24, "value": 0.3},
+    {"neighbors": [43, 8, 22, 17, 50], "id": 25, "value": 0.4},
+    {"neighbors": [1, 42, 20, 31, 48], "id": 26, "value": 0.6},
+    {"neighbors": [32, 15, 36, 33, 24], "id": 27, "value": 0.3},
+    {"neighbors": [40, 45, 19, 5, 13], "id": 28, "value": 0.8},
+    {"neighbors": [11, 51, 41, 14, 18], "id": 29, "value": 0.3},
+    {"neighbors": [2, 3, 4, 46, 18], "id": 30, "value": 0.1},
+    {"neighbors": [20, 26, 1, 50, 48], "id": 31, "value": 0.9},
+    {"neighbors": [27, 36, 15, 49, 24], "id": 32, "value": 0.3},
+    {"neighbors": [24, 27, 49, 34, 32], "id": 33, "value": 0.4},
+    {"neighbors": [47, 9, 39, 40, 24], "id": 34, "value": 0.3},
+    {"neighbors": [38, 51, 11, 21, 41], "id": 35, "value": 0.3},
+    {"neighbors": [15, 32, 27, 49, 33], "id": 36, "value": 0.2},
+    {"neighbors": [49, 10, 5, 47, 24], "id": 37, "value": 0.5},
+    {"neighbors": [35, 21, 51, 11, 41], "id": 38, "value": 0.4},
+    {"neighbors": [9, 34, 48, 1, 47], "id": 39, "value": 0.6},
+    {"neighbors": [28, 47, 5, 9, 34], "id": 40, "value": 0.5},
+    {"neighbors": [11, 14, 29, 21, 6], "id": 41, "value": 0.4},
+    {"neighbors": [26, 19, 1, 9, 31], "id": 42, "value": 0.2},
+    {"neighbors": [25, 12, 8, 22, 44], "id": 43, "value": 0.3},
+    {"neighbors": [12, 50, 46, 16, 43], "id": 44, "value": 0.2},
+    {"neighbors": [28, 13, 5, 40, 19], "id": 45, "value": 0.3},
+    {"neighbors": [3, 12, 44, 2, 16], "id": 46, "value": 0.2},
+    {"neighbors": [34, 40, 5, 49, 24], "id": 47, "value": 0.3},
+    {"neighbors": [1, 20, 26, 9, 39], "id": 48, "value": 0.5},
+    {"neighbors": [24, 37, 47, 5, 33], "id": 49, "value": 0.2},
+    {"neighbors": [44, 22, 31, 42, 26], "id": 50, "value": 0.6},
+    {"neighbors": [11, 29, 41, 14, 21], "id": 51, "value": 0.01},
+    {"neighbors": [4, 18, 29, 51, 23], "id": 52, "value": 0.01}
+  ]

release/python/0.7.0/crankshaft/test/helper.py

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+import unittest
+
+from mock_plpy import MockPlPy
+plpy = MockPlPy()
+
+import sys
+sys.modules['plpy'] = plpy
+
+import os
+
+def fixture_file(name):
+    dir = os.path.dirname(os.path.realpath(__file__))
+    return os.path.join(dir, 'fixtures', name)

release/python/0.7.0/crankshaft/test/mock_plpy.py

@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+import re
+
+
+class MockCursor:
+    def __init__(self, data):
+        self.cursor_pos = 0
+        self.data = data
+
+    def fetch(self, batch_size):
+        batch = self.data[self.cursor_pos:self.cursor_pos + batch_size]
+        self.cursor_pos += batch_size
+        return batch
+
+
+class MockPlPy:
+    def __init__(self):
+        self._reset()
+
+    def _reset(self):
+        self.infos = []
+        self.notices = []
+        self.debugs = []
+        self.logs = []
+        self.warnings = []
+        self.errors = []
+        self.fatals = []
+        self.executes = []
+        self.results = []
+        self.prepares = []
+        self.results = []
+
+    def _define_result(self, query, result):
+        pattern = re.compile(query, re.IGNORECASE | re.MULTILINE)
+        self.results.append([pattern, result])
+
+    def notice(self, msg):
+        self.notices.append(msg)
+
+    def debug(self, msg):
+        self.notices.append(msg)
+
+    def info(self, msg):
+        self.infos.append(msg)
+
+    def error(self, msg):
+        self.notices.append(msg)
+
+    def cursor(self, query):
+        data = self.execute(query)
+        return MockCursor(data)
+
+    # TODO: additional arguments
+    def execute(self, query):
+        for result in self.results:
+            if result[0].match(query):
+                return result[1]
+        return []

release/python/0.7.0/crankshaft/test/test_clustering_getis.py

@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+import unittest
+import numpy as np
+
+from helper import fixture_file
+
+from crankshaft.clustering import Getis
+import crankshaft.pysal_utils as pu
+from crankshaft import random_seeds
+import json
+from crankshaft.analysis_data_provider import AnalysisDataProvider
+
+# Fixture files produced as follows
+#
+# import pysal as ps
+# import numpy as np
+# import random
+#
+# # setup variables
+# f = ps.open(ps.examples.get_path("stl_hom.dbf"))
+# y = np.array(f.by_col['HR8893'])
+# w_queen = ps.queen_from_shapefile(ps.examples.get_path("stl_hom.shp"))
+#
+# out_queen = [{"id": index + 1,
+#               "neighbors": [x+1 for x in w_queen.neighbors[index]],
+#               "value": val} for index, val in enumerate(y)]
+#
+# with open('neighbors_queen_getis.json', 'w') as f:
+#     f.write(str(out_queen))
+#
+# random.seed(1234)
+# np.random.seed(1234)
+# lgstar_queen = ps.esda.getisord.G_Local(y, w_queen, star=True,
+#                                         permutations=999)
+#
+# with open('getis_queen.json', 'w') as f:
+#     f.write(str(zip(lgstar_queen.z_sim,
+#                     lgstar_queen.p_sim, lgstar_queen.p_z_sim)))
+
+
+class FakeDataProvider(AnalysisDataProvider):
+    def __init__(self, mock_data):
+        self.mock_result = mock_data
+
+    def get_getis(self, w_type, param):
+        return self.mock_result
+
+
+class GetisTest(unittest.TestCase):
+    """Testing class for Getis-Ord's G* funtion
+       This test replicates the work done in PySAL documentation:
+          https://pysal.readthedocs.io/en/v1.11.0/users/tutorials/autocorrelation.html#local-g-and-g
+    """
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        # load raw data for analysis
+        self.neighbors_data = json.loads(
+          open(fixture_file('neighbors_getis.json')).read())
+
+        # load pre-computed/known values
+        self.getis_data = json.loads(
+          open(fixture_file('getis.json')).read())
+
+    def test_getis_ord(self):
+        """Test Getis-Ord's G*"""
+        data = [{'id': d['id'],
+                 'attr1': d['value'],
+                 'neighbors': d['neighbors']} for d in self.neighbors_data]
+
+        random_seeds.set_random_seeds(1234)
+        getis = Getis(FakeDataProvider(data))
+
+        result = getis.getis_ord('subquery', 'value',
+                                 'queen', None, 999, 'the_geom',
+                                 'cartodb_id')
+        result = [(row[0], row[1]) for row in result]
+        expected = np.array(self.getis_data)[:, 0:2]
+        for ([res_z, res_p], [exp_z, exp_p]) in zip(result, expected):
+            self.assertAlmostEqual(res_z, exp_z, delta=1e-2)

release/python/0.7.0/crankshaft/test/test_clustering_kmeans.py

@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+import unittest
+import numpy as np
+
+
+from helper import fixture_file
+from crankshaft.clustering import Kmeans
+from crankshaft.analysis_data_provider import AnalysisDataProvider
+import crankshaft.clustering as cc
+from crankshaft import random_seeds
+
+import json
+from collections import OrderedDict
+
+
+class FakeDataProvider(AnalysisDataProvider):
+    def __init__(self, mocked_result):
+        self.mocked_result = mocked_result
+
+    def get_spatial_kmeans(self, query):
+        return self.mocked_result
+
+    def get_nonspatial_kmeans(self, query):
+        return self.mocked_result
+
+
+class KMeansTest(unittest.TestCase):
+    """Testing class for k-means spatial"""
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        self.cluster_data = json.loads(
+          open(fixture_file('kmeans.json')).read())
+        self.params = {"subquery": "select * from table",
+                       "no_clusters": "10"}
+
+    def test_kmeans(self):
+        """
+        """
+        data = [{'xs': d['xs'],
+                 'ys': d['ys'],
+                 'ids': d['ids']} for d in self.cluster_data]
+
+        random_seeds.set_random_seeds(1234)
+        kmeans = Kmeans(FakeDataProvider(data))
+        clusters = kmeans.spatial('subquery', 2)
+        labels = [a[1] for a in clusters]
+        c1 = [a for a in clusters if a[1] == 0]
+        c2 = [a for a in clusters if a[1] == 1]
+
+        self.assertEqual(len(np.unique(labels)), 2)
+        self.assertEqual(len(c1), 20)
+        self.assertEqual(len(c2), 20)
+
+
+class KMeansNonspatialTest(unittest.TestCase):
+    """Testing class for k-means non-spatial"""
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        self.params = {"subquery": "SELECT * FROM TABLE",
+                       "n_clusters": 5}
+
+    def test_kmeans_nonspatial(self):
+        """
+            test for k-means non-spatial
+        """
+        # data from:
+        # http://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/generated/sklearn.cluster.KMeans.html#sklearn-cluster-kmeans
+        data_raw = [OrderedDict([("arr_col1", [1, 1, 1, 4, 4, 4]),
+                                 ("arr_col2", [2, 4, 0, 2, 4, 0]),
+                                 ("rowid", [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6])])]
+
+        random_seeds.set_random_seeds(1234)
+        kmeans = Kmeans(FakeDataProvider(data_raw))
+        clusters = kmeans.nonspatial('subquery', ['col1', 'col2'], 2)
+
+        cl1 = clusters[0][0]
+        cl2 = clusters[3][0]
+
+        for idx, val in enumerate(clusters):
+            if idx < 3:
+                self.assertEqual(val[0], cl1)
+            else:
+                self.assertEqual(val[0], cl2)
+
+        # raises exception for no data
+        with self.assertRaises(Exception):
+            kmeans = Kmeans(FakeDataProvider([]))
+            kmeans.nonspatial('subquery', ['col1', 'col2'], 2)

release/python/0.7.0/crankshaft/test/test_clustering_moran.py

@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+import unittest
+import numpy as np
+
+from helper import fixture_file
+from crankshaft.clustering import Moran
+from crankshaft.analysis_data_provider import AnalysisDataProvider
+import crankshaft.pysal_utils as pu
+from crankshaft import random_seeds
+import json
+from collections import OrderedDict
+
+
+class FakeDataProvider(AnalysisDataProvider):
+    def __init__(self, mock_data):
+        self.mock_result = mock_data
+
+    def get_moran(self, w_type, params):
+        return self.mock_result
+
+
+class MoranTest(unittest.TestCase):
+    """Testing class for Moran's I functions"""
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        self.params = {"id_col": "cartodb_id",
+                       "attr1": "andy",
+                       "attr2": "jay_z",
+                       "subquery": "SELECT * FROM a_list",
+                       "geom_col": "the_geom",
+                       "num_ngbrs": 321}
+        self.params_markov = {"id_col": "cartodb_id",
+                              "time_cols": ["_2013_dec", "_2014_jan",
+                                            "_2014_feb"],
+                              "subquery": "SELECT * FROM a_list",
+                              "geom_col": "the_geom",
+                              "num_ngbrs": 321}
+        self.neighbors_data = json.loads(
+          open(fixture_file('neighbors.json')).read())
+        self.moran_data = json.loads(
+          open(fixture_file('moran.json')).read())
+
+    def test_map_quads(self):
+        """Test map_quads"""
+        from crankshaft.clustering import map_quads
+        self.assertEqual(map_quads(1), 'HH')
+        self.assertEqual(map_quads(2), 'LH')
+        self.assertEqual(map_quads(3), 'LL')
+        self.assertEqual(map_quads(4), 'HL')
+        self.assertEqual(map_quads(33), None)
+        self.assertEqual(map_quads('andy'), None)
+
+    def test_quad_position(self):
+        """Test lisa_sig_vals"""
+        from crankshaft.clustering import quad_position
+
+        quads = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4], np.int)
+
+        ans = np.array(['HH', 'LH', 'LL', 'HL'])
+        test_ans = quad_position(quads)
+
+        self.assertTrue((test_ans == ans).all())
+
+    def test_local_stat(self):
+        """Test Moran's I local"""
+        data = [OrderedDict([('id', d['id']),
+                             ('attr1', d['value']),
+                             ('neighbors', d['neighbors'])])
+                for d in self.neighbors_data]
+
+        moran = Moran(FakeDataProvider(data))
+        random_seeds.set_random_seeds(1234)
+        result = moran.local_stat('subquery', 'value',
+                                  'knn', 5, 99, 'the_geom', 'cartodb_id')
+        result = [(row[0], row[1]) for row in result]
+        zipped_values = zip(result, self.moran_data)
+
+        for ([res_val, res_quad], [exp_val, exp_quad]) in zipped_values:
+            self.assertAlmostEqual(res_val, exp_val)
+            self.assertEqual(res_quad, exp_quad)
+
+    def test_moran_local_rate(self):
+        """Test Moran's I rate"""
+        data = [{'id': d['id'],
+                 'attr1': d['value'],
+                 'attr2': 1,
+                 'neighbors': d['neighbors']} for d in self.neighbors_data]
+
+        random_seeds.set_random_seeds(1234)
+        moran = Moran(FakeDataProvider(data))
+        result = moran.local_rate_stat('subquery', 'numerator', 'denominator',
+                                       'knn', 5, 99, 'the_geom', 'cartodb_id')
+        result = [(row[0], row[1]) for row in result]
+
+        zipped_values = zip(result, self.moran_data)
+
+        for ([res_val, res_quad], [exp_val, exp_quad]) in zipped_values:
+            self.assertAlmostEqual(res_val, exp_val)
+
+    def test_moran(self):
+        """Test Moran's I global"""
+        data = [{'id': d['id'],
+                 'attr1': d['value'],
+                 'neighbors': d['neighbors']} for d in self.neighbors_data]
+        random_seeds.set_random_seeds(1235)
+        moran = Moran(FakeDataProvider(data))
+        result = moran.global_stat('table', 'value',
+                                   'knn', 5, 99, 'the_geom',
+                                   'cartodb_id')
+
+        result_moran = result[0][0]
+        expected_moran = np.array([row[0] for row in self.moran_data]).mean()
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(expected_moran, result_moran, delta=10e-2)

release/python/0.7.0/crankshaft/test/test_pysal_utils.py

@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+import unittest
+
+import crankshaft.pysal_utils as pu
+from crankshaft import random_seeds
+from collections import OrderedDict
+
+
+class PysalUtilsTest(unittest.TestCase):
+    """Testing class for utility functions related to PySAL integrations"""
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        self.params1 = OrderedDict([("id_col", "cartodb_id"),
+                                    ("attr1", "andy"),
+                                    ("attr2", "jay_z"),
+                                    ("subquery", "SELECT * FROM a_list"),
+                                    ("geom_col", "the_geom"),
+                                    ("num_ngbrs", 321)])
+
+        self.params2 = OrderedDict([("id_col", "cartodb_id"),
+                                    ("numerator", "price"),
+                                    ("denominator", "sq_meters"),
+                                    ("subquery", "SELECT * FROM pecan"),
+                                    ("geom_col", "the_geom"),
+                                    ("num_ngbrs", 321)])
+
+        self.params3 = OrderedDict([("id_col", "cartodb_id"),
+                                    ("numerator", "sq_meters"),
+                                    ("denominator", "price"),
+                                    ("subquery", "SELECT * FROM pecan"),
+                                    ("geom_col", "the_geom"),
+                                    ("num_ngbrs", 321)])
+
+        self.params_array = {"id_col": "cartodb_id",
+                             "time_cols": ["_2013_dec", "_2014_jan", "_2014_feb"],
+                             "subquery": "SELECT * FROM a_list",
+                             "geom_col": "the_geom",
+                             "num_ngbrs": 321}
+
+    def test_query_attr_select(self):
+        """Test query_attr_select"""
+
+        ans1 = ("i.\"andy\"::numeric As attr1, "
+                "i.\"jay_z\"::numeric As attr2, ")
+
+        ans2 = ("i.\"price\"::numeric As attr1, "
+                "i.\"sq_meters\"::numeric As attr2, ")
+
+        ans3 = ("i.\"sq_meters\"::numeric As attr1, "
+                "i.\"price\"::numeric As attr2, ")
+
+        ans_array = ("i.\"_2013_dec\"::numeric As attr1, "
+                     "i.\"_2014_jan\"::numeric As attr2, "
+                     "i.\"_2014_feb\"::numeric As attr3, ")
+
+        self.assertEqual(pu.query_attr_select(self.params1), ans1)
+        self.assertEqual(pu.query_attr_select(self.params2), ans2)
+        self.assertEqual(pu.query_attr_select(self.params3), ans3)
+        self.assertEqual(pu.query_attr_select(self.params_array), ans_array)
+
+    def test_query_attr_where(self):
+        """Test pu.query_attr_where"""
+
+        ans1 = ("idx_replace.\"andy\" IS NOT NULL AND "
+                "idx_replace.\"jay_z\" IS NOT NULL")
+
+        ans_array = ("idx_replace.\"_2013_dec\" IS NOT NULL AND "
+                     "idx_replace.\"_2014_jan\" IS NOT NULL AND "
+                     "idx_replace.\"_2014_feb\" IS NOT NULL")
+
+        self.assertEqual(pu.query_attr_where(self.params1), ans1)
+        self.assertEqual(pu.query_attr_where(self.params_array), ans_array)
+
+    def test_get_attributes(self):
+        """Test get_attributes"""
+
+        # need to add tests
+
+        self.assertEqual(True, True)
+
+    def test_get_weight(self):
+        """Test get_weight"""
+
+        self.assertEqual(True, True)

release/python/0.7.0/crankshaft/test/test_regression_gwr.py

@@ -0,0 +1,130 @@
+import unittest
+import json
+import numpy as np
+
+
+from crankshaft import random_seeds
+from helper import fixture_file
+from crankshaft.regression import GWR
+from crankshaft.analysis_data_provider import AnalysisDataProvider
+
+
+class FakeDataProvider(AnalysisDataProvider):
+    def __init__(self, mocked_result):
+        self.mocked_result = mocked_result
+
+    def get_gwr(self, params):
+        return self.mocked_result
+
+    def get_gwr_predict(self, params):
+        return self.mocked_result
+
+
+class GWRTest(unittest.TestCase):
+    """Testing class for geographically weighted regression (gwr)"""
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        """
+            fixture packed from canonical GWR georgia dataset using the
+            following query:
+                SELECT array_agg(x) As x,
+                       array_agg(y) As y,
+                       array_agg(pctbach) As dep_var,
+                       array_agg(pctrural) As attr1,
+                       array_agg(pctpov) As attr2,
+                       array_agg(pctblack) As attr3,
+                       array_agg(areakey) As rowid
+                FROM g_utm
+                WHERE pctbach is not NULL AND
+                      pctrural IS NOT NULL AND
+                      pctpov IS NOT NULL AND
+                      pctblack IS NOT NULL
+        """
+        import copy
+        # data packed from https://github.com/TaylorOshan/pysal/blob/1d6af33bda46b1d623f70912c56155064463383f/pysal/examples/georgia/GData_utm.csv
+        self.data = json.loads(
+              open(fixture_file('gwr_packed_data.json')).read())
+
+        # data packed from https://github.com/TaylorOshan/pysal/blob/a44c5541e2e0d10a99ff05edc1b7f81b70f5a82f/pysal/examples/georgia/georgia_BS_NN_listwise.csv
+        self.knowns = json.loads(
+              open(fixture_file('gwr_packed_knowns.json')).read())
+
+        # data for GWR prediction
+        self.data_predict = copy.deepcopy(self.data)
+        self.ids_of_unknowns = [13083, 13009, 13281, 13115, 13247, 13169]
+        self.idx_ids_of_unknowns = [self.data_predict[0]['rowid'].index(idx)
+                                    for idx in self.ids_of_unknowns]
+
+        for idx in self.idx_ids_of_unknowns:
+            self.data_predict[0]['dep_var'][idx] = None
+
+        self.predicted_knowns = {13009: 10.879,
+                                 13083: 4.5259,
+                                 13115: 9.4022,
+                                 13169: 6.0793,
+                                 13247: 8.1608,
+                                 13281: 13.886}
+
+        # params, with ind_vars in same ordering as query above
+        self.params = {'subquery': 'select * from table',
+                       'dep_var': 'pctbach',
+                       'ind_vars': ['pctrural', 'pctpov', 'pctblack'],
+                       'bw': 90.000,
+                       'fixed': False,
+                       'geom_col': 'the_geom',
+                       'id_col': 'areakey'}
+
+    def test_gwr(self):
+        """
+        """
+        gwr = GWR(FakeDataProvider(self.data))
+        gwr_resp = gwr.gwr(self.params['subquery'],
+                           self.params['dep_var'],
+                           self.params['ind_vars'],
+                           bw=self.params['bw'],
+                           fixed=self.params['fixed'])
+
+        # unpack response
+        coeffs, stand_errs, t_vals, t_vals_filtered, predicteds, \
+            residuals, r_squareds, bws, rowids = zip(*gwr_resp)
+
+        # prepare for comparision
+        coeff_known_pctpov = self.knowns['est_pctpov']
+        tval_known_pctblack = self.knowns['t_pctrural']
+        pctpov_se = self.knowns['se_pctpov']
+        ids = self.knowns['area_key']
+        resp_idx = None
+
+        # test pctpov coefficient estimates
+        for idx, val in enumerate(coeff_known_pctpov):
+            resp_idx = rowids.index(ids[idx])
+            self.assertAlmostEquals(val,
+                                    json.loads(coeffs[resp_idx])['pctpov'],
+                                    places=4)
+        # test pctrural tvals
+        for idx, val in enumerate(tval_known_pctblack):
+            resp_idx = rowids.index(ids[idx])
+            self.assertAlmostEquals(val,
+                                    json.loads(t_vals[resp_idx])['pctrural'],
+                                    places=4)
+
+    def test_gwr_predict(self):
+        """Testing for GWR_Predict"""
+        gwr = GWR(FakeDataProvider(self.data_predict))
+        gwr_resp = gwr.gwr_predict(self.params['subquery'],
+                                   self.params['dep_var'],
+                                   self.params['ind_vars'],
+                                   bw=self.params['bw'],
+                                   fixed=self.params['fixed'])
+
+        # unpack response
+        coeffs, stand_errs, t_vals, \
+            r_squareds, predicteds, rowid = zip(*gwr_resp)
+        threshold = 0.01
+
+        for i, idx in enumerate(self.idx_ids_of_unknowns):
+
+            known_val = self.predicted_knowns[rowid[i]]
+            predicted_val = predicteds[i]
+            test_val = abs(known_val - predicted_val) / known_val
+            self.assertTrue(test_val < threshold)

release/python/0.7.0/crankshaft/test/test_segmentation.py

@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+import unittest
+import numpy as np
+from helper import plpy, fixture_file
+import crankshaft.segmentation as segmentation
+import json
+
+class SegmentationTest(unittest.TestCase):
+    """Testing class for Moran's I functions"""
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        plpy._reset()
+
+    def generate_random_data(self,n_samples,random_state,  row_type=False):
+        x1 = random_state.uniform(size=n_samples)
+        x2 = random_state.uniform(size=n_samples)
+        x3 = random_state.randint(0, 4, size=n_samples)
+
+        y = x1+x2*x2+x3
+        cartodb_id  = range(len(x1))
+
+        if row_type:
+            return [ {'features': vals} for vals in zip(x1,x2,x3)], y
+        else:
+            return  [dict( zip(['x1','x2','x3','target', 'cartodb_id'],[x1,x2,x3,y,cartodb_id]))]
+
+    def test_replace_nan_with_mean(self):
+        test_array = np.array([1.2, np.nan, 3.2, np.nan, np.nan])
+
+    def test_create_and_predict_segment(self):
+        n_samples = 1000
+
+        random_state_train = np.random.RandomState(13)
+        random_state_test = np.random.RandomState(134)
+        training_data = self.generate_random_data(n_samples, random_state_train)
+        test_data, test_y = self.generate_random_data(n_samples, random_state_test, row_type=True)
+
+
+        ids =  [{'cartodb_ids': range(len(test_data))}]
+        rows =  [{'x1': 0,'x2':0,'x3':0,'y':0,'cartodb_id':0}]
+
+        plpy._define_result('select \* from  \(select \* from training\) a  limit 1',rows)
+        plpy._define_result('.*from \(select \* from training\) as a' ,training_data)
+        plpy._define_result('select array_agg\(cartodb\_id order by cartodb\_id\) as cartodb_ids from \(.*\) a',ids)
+        plpy._define_result('.*select \* from test.*' ,test_data)
+
+        model_parameters =  {'n_estimators': 1200,
+                             'max_depth': 3,
+                             'subsample' : 0.5,
+                             'learning_rate': 0.01,
+                             'min_samples_leaf': 1}
+
+        result = segmentation.create_and_predict_segment(
+                'select * from training',
+                'target',
+                'select * from test',
+                model_parameters)
+
+        prediction = [r[1] for r in result]
+
+        accuracy =np.sqrt(np.mean( np.square( np.array(prediction) - np.array(test_y))))
+
+        self.assertEqual(len(result),len(test_data))
+        self.assertTrue( result[0][2] < 0.01)
+        self.assertTrue( accuracy < 0.5*np.mean(test_y)  )

release/python/0.7.0/crankshaft/test/test_space_time_dynamics.py

@@ -0,0 +1,349 @@
+import unittest
+import numpy as np
+
+import unittest
+
+
+from helper import fixture_file
+
+from crankshaft.space_time_dynamics import Markov
+import crankshaft.space_time_dynamics as std
+from crankshaft import random_seeds
+from crankshaft.analysis_data_provider import AnalysisDataProvider
+import json
+
+
+class FakeDataProvider(AnalysisDataProvider):
+    def __init__(self, data):
+        self.mock_result = data
+
+    def get_markov(self, w_type, params):
+        return self.mock_result
+
+
+class SpaceTimeTests(unittest.TestCase):
+    """Testing class for Markov Functions."""
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        self.params = {"id_col": "cartodb_id",
+                       "time_cols": ['dec_2013', 'jan_2014', 'feb_2014'],
+                       "subquery": "SELECT * FROM a_list",
+                       "geom_col": "the_geom",
+                       "num_ngbrs": 321}
+        self.neighbors_data = json.loads(
+          open(fixture_file('neighbors_markov.json')).read())
+        self.markov_data = json.loads(open(fixture_file('markov.json')).read())
+
+        self.time_data = np.array([i * np.ones(10, dtype=float)
+                                   for i in range(10)]).T
+
+        self.transition_matrix = np.array([
+                [[0.96341463, 0.0304878, 0.00609756, 0., 0.],
+                 [0.06040268, 0.83221477, 0.10738255, 0., 0.],
+                 [0., 0.14, 0.74, 0.12, 0.],
+                 [0., 0.03571429, 0.32142857, 0.57142857, 0.07142857],
+                 [0., 0., 0., 0.16666667, 0.83333333]],
+                [[0.79831933, 0.16806723, 0.03361345, 0., 0.],
+                 [0.0754717, 0.88207547, 0.04245283, 0., 0.],
+                 [0.00537634, 0.06989247, 0.8655914, 0.05913978, 0.],
+                 [0., 0., 0.06372549, 0.90196078, 0.03431373],
+                 [0., 0., 0., 0.19444444, 0.80555556]],
+                [[0.84693878, 0.15306122, 0., 0., 0.],
+                 [0.08133971, 0.78947368, 0.1291866, 0., 0.],
+                 [0.00518135, 0.0984456, 0.79274611, 0.0984456, 0.00518135],
+                 [0., 0., 0.09411765, 0.87058824, 0.03529412],
+                 [0., 0., 0., 0.10204082, 0.89795918]],
+                [[0.8852459, 0.09836066, 0., 0.01639344, 0.],
+                 [0.03875969, 0.81395349, 0.13953488, 0., 0.00775194],
+                 [0.0049505, 0.09405941, 0.77722772, 0.11881188, 0.0049505],
+                 [0., 0.02339181, 0.12865497, 0.75438596, 0.09356725],
+                 [0., 0., 0., 0.09661836, 0.90338164]],
+                [[0.33333333, 0.66666667, 0., 0., 0.],
+                 [0.0483871, 0.77419355, 0.16129032, 0.01612903, 0.],
+                 [0.01149425, 0.16091954, 0.74712644, 0.08045977, 0.],
+                 [0., 0.01036269, 0.06217617, 0.89637306, 0.03108808],
+                 [0., 0., 0., 0.02352941, 0.97647059]]]
+                 )
+
+    def test_spatial_markov(self):
+        """Test Spatial Markov."""
+        data = [{'id': d['id'],
+                 'attr1': d['y1995'],
+                 'attr2': d['y1996'],
+                 'attr3': d['y1997'],
+                 'attr4': d['y1998'],
+                 'attr5': d['y1999'],
+                 'attr6': d['y2000'],
+                 'attr7': d['y2001'],
+                 'attr8': d['y2002'],
+                 'attr9': d['y2003'],
+                 'attr10': d['y2004'],
+                 'attr11': d['y2005'],
+                 'attr12': d['y2006'],
+                 'attr13': d['y2007'],
+                 'attr14': d['y2008'],
+                 'attr15': d['y2009'],
+                 'neighbors': d['neighbors']} for d in self.neighbors_data]
+        # print(str(data[0]))
+        markov = Markov(FakeDataProvider(data))
+        random_seeds.set_random_seeds(1234)
+
+        result = markov.spatial_trend('subquery',
+                                      ['y1995', 'y1996', 'y1997', 'y1998',
+                                       'y1999', 'y2000', 'y2001', 'y2002',
+                                       'y2003', 'y2004', 'y2005', 'y2006',
+                                       'y2007', 'y2008', 'y2009'],
+                                      5, 'knn', 5, 0, 'the_geom',
+                                      'cartodb_id')
+
+        self.assertTrue(result is not None)
+        result = [(row[0], row[1], row[2], row[3], row[4]) for row in result]
+        print result[0]
+        expected = self.markov_data
+        for ([res_trend, res_up, res_down, res_vol, res_id],
+             [exp_trend, exp_up, exp_down, exp_vol, exp_id]
+             ) in zip(result, expected):
+            self.assertAlmostEqual(res_trend, exp_trend)
+
+    def test_get_time_data(self):
+        """Test get_time_data"""
+        data = [{'attr1': d['y1995'],
+                 'attr2': d['y1996'],
+                 'attr3': d['y1997'],
+                 'attr4': d['y1998'],
+                 'attr5': d['y1999'],
+                 'attr6': d['y2000'],
+                 'attr7': d['y2001'],
+                 'attr8': d['y2002'],
+                 'attr9': d['y2003'],
+                 'attr10': d['y2004'],
+                 'attr11': d['y2005'],
+                 'attr12': d['y2006'],
+                 'attr13': d['y2007'],
+                 'attr14': d['y2008'],
+                 'attr15': d['y2009']} for d in self.neighbors_data]
+
+        result = std.get_time_data(data, ['y1995', 'y1996', 'y1997', 'y1998',
+                                          'y1999', 'y2000', 'y2001', 'y2002',
+                                          'y2003', 'y2004', 'y2005', 'y2006',
+                                          'y2007', 'y2008', 'y2009'])
+
+        # expected was prepared from PySAL example:
+        # f = ps.open(ps.examples.get_path("usjoin.csv"))
+        # pci = np.array([f.by_col[str(y)]
+        #                 for y in range(1995, 2010)]).transpose()
+        # rpci = pci / (pci.mean(axis = 0))
+
+        expected = np.array(
+          [[0.87654416, 0.863147, 0.85637567, 0.84811668, 0.8446154,
+            0.83271652,  0.83786314, 0.85012593, 0.85509656, 0.86416612,
+            0.87119375, 0.86302631,  0.86148267, 0.86252252, 0.86746356],
+           [0.9188951,  0.91757931, 0.92333258, 0.92517289, 0.92552388,
+            0.90746978,  0.89830489, 0.89431991, 0.88924794, 0.89815176,
+            0.91832091, 0.91706054,  0.90139505, 0.87897455, 0.86216858],
+           [0.82591007, 0.82548596, 0.81989793, 0.81503235, 0.81731522,
+            0.78964559,  0.80584442, 0.8084998,  0.82258551, 0.82668196,
+            0.82373724, 0.81814804,  0.83675961, 0.83574199, 0.84647177],
+           [1.09088176, 1.08537689, 1.08456418, 1.08415404, 1.09898841,
+            1.14506948,  1.12151133, 1.11160697, 1.10888621, 1.11399806,
+            1.12168029, 1.13164797,  1.12958508, 1.11371818, 1.09936775],
+           [1.10731446, 1.11373944, 1.13283638, 1.14472559, 1.15910025,
+            1.16898201,  1.17212488, 1.14752303, 1.11843284, 1.11024964,
+            1.11943471, 1.11736468,  1.10863242, 1.09642516, 1.07762337],
+           [1.42269757, 1.42118434, 1.44273502, 1.43577571, 1.44400684,
+            1.44184737,  1.44782832, 1.41978227, 1.39092208, 1.4059372,
+            1.40788646, 1.44052766,  1.45241216, 1.43306098, 1.4174431],
+           [1.13073885, 1.13110513, 1.11074708, 1.13364636, 1.13088149,
+            1.10888138,  1.11856629, 1.13062931, 1.11944984, 1.12446239,
+            1.11671008, 1.10880034,  1.08401709, 1.06959206, 1.07875225],
+           [1.04706124, 1.04516831, 1.04253372, 1.03239987, 1.02072545,
+            0.99854316,  0.9880258,  0.99669587, 0.99327676, 1.01400905,
+            1.03176742, 1.040511,  1.01749645, 0.9936394,  0.98279746],
+           [0.98996986, 1.00143564, 0.99491,  1.00188408, 1.00455845,
+            0.99127006,  0.97925917, 0.9683482,  0.95335147, 0.93694787,
+            0.94308213, 0.92232874,  0.91284091, 0.89689833, 0.88928858],
+           [0.87418391, 0.86416601, 0.84425695, 0.8404494,  0.83903044,
+            0.8578708,  0.86036185, 0.86107306, 0.8500772,  0.86981998,
+            0.86837929, 0.87204141,  0.86633032, 0.84946077, 0.83287146],
+           [1.14196118, 1.14660262, 1.14892712, 1.14909594, 1.14436624,
+            1.14450183,  1.12349752, 1.12596664, 1.12213996, 1.1119989,
+            1.10257792, 1.10491258,  1.11059842, 1.10509795, 1.10020097],
+           [0.97282463, 0.96700147, 0.96252588, 0.9653878,  0.96057687,
+            0.95831051,  0.94480909, 0.94804195, 0.95430286, 0.94103989,
+            0.92122519, 0.91010201,  0.89280392, 0.89298243, 0.89165385],
+           [0.94325468, 0.96436902, 0.96455242, 0.95243009, 0.94117647,
+            0.9480927,  0.93539182, 0.95388718, 0.94597005, 0.96918424,
+            0.94781281, 0.93466815,  0.94281559, 0.96520315, 0.96715441],
+           [0.97478408, 0.98169225, 0.98712809, 0.98474769, 0.98559897,
+            0.98687073,  0.99237486, 0.98209969, 0.9877653,  0.97399471,
+            0.96910087, 0.98416665,  0.98423613, 0.99823861, 0.99545704],
+           [0.85570269, 0.85575915, 0.85986132, 0.85693406, 0.8538012,
+            0.86191535,  0.84981451, 0.85472102, 0.84564835, 0.83998883,
+            0.83478547, 0.82803648,  0.8198736,  0.82265395, 0.8399404],
+           [0.87022047, 0.85996258, 0.85961813, 0.85689572, 0.83947136,
+            0.82785597,  0.86008789, 0.86776298, 0.86720209, 0.8676334,
+            0.89179317, 0.94202108,  0.9422231,  0.93902708, 0.94479184],
+           [0.90134907, 0.90407738, 0.90403991, 0.90201769, 0.90399238,
+            0.90906632,  0.92693339, 0.93695966, 0.94242697, 0.94338265,
+            0.91981796, 0.91108804,  0.90543476, 0.91737138, 0.94793657],
+           [1.1977611,  1.18222564, 1.18439158, 1.18267865, 1.19286723,
+            1.20172869,  1.21328691, 1.22624778, 1.22397075, 1.23857042,
+            1.24419893, 1.23929384,  1.23418676, 1.23626739, 1.26754398],
+           [1.24919678, 1.25754773, 1.26991161, 1.28020651, 1.30625667,
+            1.34790023,  1.34399863, 1.32575181, 1.30795492, 1.30544841,
+            1.30303302, 1.32107766,  1.32936244, 1.33001241, 1.33288462],
+           [1.06768004, 1.03799276, 1.03637303, 1.02768449, 1.03296093,
+            1.05059016,  1.03405057, 1.02747623, 1.03162734, 0.9961416,
+            0.97356208, 0.94241549,  0.92754547, 0.92549227, 0.92138102],
+           [1.09475614, 1.11526796, 1.11654299, 1.13103948, 1.13143264,
+            1.13889622,  1.12442212, 1.13367018, 1.13982256, 1.14029944,
+            1.11979401, 1.10905389,  1.10577769, 1.11166825, 1.09985155],
+           [0.76530058, 0.76612841, 0.76542451, 0.76722683, 0.76014284,
+            0.74480073,  0.76098396, 0.76156903, 0.76651952, 0.76533288,
+            0.78205934, 0.76842416,  0.77487118, 0.77768683, 0.78801192],
+           [0.98391336, 0.98075816, 0.98295341, 0.97386015, 0.96913803,
+            0.97370819,  0.96419154, 0.97209861, 0.97441313, 0.96356162,
+            0.94745352, 0.93965462,  0.93069645, 0.94020973, 0.94358232],
+           [0.83561828, 0.82298088, 0.81738502, 0.81748588, 0.80904801,
+            0.80071489,  0.83358256, 0.83451613, 0.85175032, 0.85954307,
+            0.86790024, 0.87170334,  0.87863799, 0.87497981, 0.87888675],
+           [0.98845573, 1.02092428, 0.99665283, 0.99141823, 0.99386619,
+            0.98733195,  0.99644997, 0.99669587, 1.02559097, 1.01116651,
+            0.99988024, 0.97906749,  0.99323123, 1.00204939, 0.99602148],
+           [1.14930913, 1.15241949, 1.14300962, 1.14265542, 1.13984683,
+            1.08312397,  1.05192626, 1.04230892, 1.05577278, 1.08569751,
+            1.12443486, 1.08891079,  1.08603695, 1.05997314, 1.02160943],
+           [1.11368269, 1.1057147,  1.11893431, 1.13778669, 1.1432272,
+            1.18257029,  1.16226243, 1.16009196, 1.14467789, 1.14820235,
+            1.12386598, 1.12680236,  1.12357937, 1.1159258,  1.12570828],
+           [1.30379431, 1.30752186, 1.31206366, 1.31532267, 1.30625667,
+            1.31210239,  1.29989156, 1.29203193, 1.27183516, 1.26830786,
+            1.2617743,  1.28656675,  1.29734097, 1.29390205, 1.29345446],
+           [0.83953719, 0.82701448, 0.82006005, 0.81188876, 0.80294864,
+            0.78772975,  0.82848011, 0.8259679,  0.82435705, 0.83108634,
+            0.84373784, 0.83891093,  0.84349247, 0.85637272, 0.86539395],
+           [1.23450087, 1.2426022,  1.23537935, 1.23581293, 1.24522626,
+            1.2256767,  1.21126648, 1.19377804, 1.18355337, 1.19674434,
+            1.21536573, 1.23653297,  1.27962009, 1.27968392, 1.25907738],
+           [0.9769662,  0.97400719, 0.98035944, 0.97581531, 0.95543282,
+            0.96480308,  0.94686376, 0.93679073, 0.92540049, 0.92988835,
+            0.93442917, 0.92100464,  0.91475304, 0.90249622, 0.9021363],
+           [0.84986886, 0.8986851,  0.84295997, 0.87280534, 0.85659368,
+            0.88937573,  0.894401, 0.90448993, 0.95495898, 0.92698333,
+            0.94745352, 0.92562488,  0.96635366, 1.02520312, 1.0394296],
+           [1.01922808, 1.00258203, 1.00974428, 1.00303417, 0.99765073,
+            1.00759019,  0.99192968, 0.99747298, 0.99550759, 0.97583768,
+            0.9610168,  0.94779638,  0.93759089, 0.93353431, 0.94121705],
+           [0.86367411, 0.85558932, 0.85544346, 0.85103025, 0.84336613,
+            0.83434854,  0.85813595, 0.84667961, 0.84374558, 0.85951183,
+            0.87194227, 0.89455097,  0.88283929, 0.90349491, 0.90600675],
+           [1.00947534, 1.00411055, 1.00698819, 0.99513687, 0.99291086,
+            1.00581626,  0.98850522, 0.99291168, 0.98983209, 0.97511924,
+            0.96134615, 0.96382634,  0.95011401, 0.9434686,  0.94637765],
+           [1.05712571, 1.05459419, 1.05753012, 1.04880786, 1.05103857,
+            1.04800023,  1.03024941, 1.04200483, 1.0402554,  1.03296979,
+            1.02191682, 1.02476275,  1.02347523, 1.02517684, 1.04359571],
+           [1.07084189, 1.06669497, 1.07937623, 1.07387988, 1.0794043,
+            1.0531801,  1.07452771, 1.09383478, 1.1052447,  1.10322136,
+            1.09167939, 1.08772756,  1.08859544, 1.09177338, 1.1096083],
+           [0.86719222, 0.86628896, 0.86675156, 0.86425632, 0.86511809,
+            0.86287327,  0.85169796, 0.85411285, 0.84886336, 0.84517414,
+            0.84843858, 0.84488343,  0.83374329, 0.82812044, 0.82878599],
+           [0.88389211, 0.92288667, 0.90282398, 0.91229186, 0.92023286,
+            0.92652175,  0.94278865, 0.93682452, 0.98655146, 0.992237,
+            0.9798497,  0.93869677,  0.96947771, 1.00362626, 0.98102351],
+           [0.97082064, 0.95320233, 0.94534081, 0.94215593, 0.93967,
+            0.93092109,  0.92662519, 0.93412152, 0.93501274, 0.92879506,
+            0.92110542, 0.91035556,  0.90430364, 0.89994694, 0.90073864],
+           [0.95861858, 0.95774543, 0.98254811, 0.98919472, 0.98684824,
+            0.98882205,  0.97662234, 0.95601578, 0.94905385, 0.94934888,
+            0.97152609, 0.97163004,  0.9700702,  0.97158948, 0.95884908],
+           [0.83980439, 0.84726737, 0.85747,  0.85467221, 0.8556751,
+            0.84818516,  0.85265681, 0.84502402, 0.82645665, 0.81743586,
+            0.83550406, 0.83338919,  0.83511679, 0.82136617, 0.80921874],
+           [0.95118156, 0.9466212,  0.94688098, 0.9508583,  0.9512441,
+            0.95440787,  0.96364363, 0.96804412, 0.97136214, 0.97583768,
+            0.95571724, 0.96895368,  0.97001634, 0.97082733, 0.98782366],
+           [1.08910044, 1.08248968, 1.08492895, 1.08656923, 1.09454249,
+            1.10558188,  1.1214086,  1.12292577, 1.13021031, 1.13342735,
+            1.14686068, 1.14502975,  1.14474747, 1.14084037, 1.16142926],
+           [1.06336033, 1.07365823, 1.08691496, 1.09764846, 1.11669863,
+            1.11856702,  1.09764283, 1.08815849, 1.08044313, 1.09278827,
+            1.07003204, 1.08398066,  1.09831768, 1.09298232, 1.09176125],
+           [0.79772065, 0.78829196, 0.78581151, 0.77615922, 0.77035744,
+            0.77751194,  0.79902974, 0.81437881, 0.80788828, 0.79603865,
+            0.78966436, 0.79949807,  0.80172182, 0.82168155, 0.85587911],
+           [1.0052447,  1.00007696, 1.00475899, 1.00613942, 1.00639561,
+            1.00162979,  0.99860739, 1.00814981, 1.00574316, 0.99030032,
+            0.97682565, 0.97292596,  0.96519561, 0.96173403, 0.95890284],
+           [0.95808419, 0.9382568,  0.9654441,  0.95561201, 0.96987289,
+            0.96608031,  0.99727185, 1.00781194, 1.03484236, 1.05333619,
+            1.0983263,  1.1704974,  1.17025154, 1.18730553, 1.14242645]])
+
+        self.assertTrue(np.allclose(result, expected))
+        self.assertTrue(type(result) == type(expected))
+        self.assertTrue(result.shape == expected.shape)
+
+    def test_rebin_data(self):
+        """Test rebin_data"""
+        # sample in double the time (even case since 10 % 2 = 0):
+        #   (0+1)/2, (2+3)/2, (4+5)/2, (6+7)/2, (8+9)/2
+        # = 0.5,     2.5,     4.5,     6.5,     8.5
+        ans_even = np.array([(i + 0.5) * np.ones(10, dtype=float)
+                             for i in range(0, 10, 2)]).T
+
+        self.assertTrue(
+          np.array_equal(std.rebin_data(self.time_data, 2), ans_even))
+
+        # sample in triple the time (uneven since 10 % 3 = 1):
+        #   (0+1+2)/3, (3+4+5)/3, (6+7+8)/3, (9)/1
+        # = 1,         4,         7,         9
+        ans_odd = np.array([i * np.ones(10, dtype=float)
+                            for i in (1, 4, 7, 9)]).T
+        self.assertTrue(
+          np.array_equal(std.rebin_data(self.time_data, 3), ans_odd))
+
+    def test_get_prob_dist(self):
+        """Test get_prob_dist"""
+        lag_indices = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4])
+        unit_indices = np.array([1, 3, 2, 4])
+        answer = np.array([
+            [0.0754717, 0.88207547, 0.04245283, 0., 0.],
+            [0., 0., 0.09411765, 0.87058824, 0.03529412],
+            [0.0049505, 0.09405941, 0.77722772, 0.11881188, 0.0049505],
+            [0., 0., 0., 0.02352941, 0.97647059]
+        ])
+        result = std.get_prob_dist(self.transition_matrix,
+                                   lag_indices, unit_indices)
+
+        self.assertTrue(np.array_equal(result, answer))
+
+    def test_get_prob_stats(self):
+        """Test get_prob_stats"""
+
+        probs = np.array([
+            [0.0754717, 0.88207547, 0.04245283, 0., 0.],
+            [0., 0., 0.09411765, 0.87058824, 0.03529412],
+            [0.0049505, 0.09405941, 0.77722772, 0.11881188, 0.0049505],
+            [0., 0., 0., 0.02352941, 0.97647059]
+        ])
+        unit_indices = np.array([1, 3, 2, 4])
+        answer_up = np.array([0.04245283, 0.03529412, 0.12376238, 0.])
+        answer_down = np.array([0.0754717, 0.09411765, 0.0990099, 0.02352941])
+        answer_trend = np.array([-0.03301887 / 0.88207547,
+                                 -0.05882353 / 0.87058824,
+                                 0.02475248 / 0.77722772,
+                                 -0.02352941 / 0.97647059])
+        answer_volatility = np.array([0.34221495,  0.33705421,
+                                      0.29226542,  0.38834223])
+
+        result = std.get_prob_stats(probs, unit_indices)
+        result_up = result[0]
+        result_down = result[1]
+        result_trend = result[2]
+        result_volatility = result[3]
+
+        self.assertTrue(np.allclose(result_up, answer_up))
+        self.assertTrue(np.allclose(result_down, answer_down))
+        self.assertTrue(np.allclose(result_trend, answer_trend))
+        self.assertTrue(np.allclose(result_volatility, answer_volatility))

release/python/0.8.0/crankshaft/crankshaft/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+"""Import all modules"""
+import crankshaft.random_seeds
+import crankshaft.clustering
+import crankshaft.space_time_dynamics
+import crankshaft.segmentation
+import crankshaft.regression
+import analysis_data_provider

release/python/0.8.0/crankshaft/crankshaft/analysis_data_provider.py

@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+"""class for fetching data"""
+import plpy
+import pysal_utils as pu
+
+NULL_VALUE_ERROR = ('No usable data passed to analysis. Check your input rows '
+                    'for null values and fill in appropriately.')
+
+
+def verify_data(func):
+    """decorator to verify data result before returning to algorithm"""
+    def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
+        """Error checking"""
+        try:
+            data = func(*args, **kwargs)
+            if not data:
+                plpy.error(NULL_VALUE_ERROR)
+            else:
+                return data
+        except Exception as err:
+            plpy.error('Analysis failed: {}'.format(err))
+
+        return []
+
+    return wrapper
+
+
+class AnalysisDataProvider(object):
+    @verify_data
+    def get_getis(self, w_type, params):
+        """fetch data for getis ord's g"""
+        query = pu.construct_neighbor_query(w_type, params)
+        return plpy.execute(query)
+
+    @verify_data
+    def get_markov(self, w_type, params):
+        """fetch data for spatial markov"""
+        query = pu.construct_neighbor_query(w_type, params)
+        return plpy.execute(query)
+
+    @verify_data
+    def get_moran(self, w_type, params):
+        """fetch data for moran's i analyses"""
+        query = pu.construct_neighbor_query(w_type, params)
+        return plpy.execute(query)
+
+    @verify_data
+    def get_nonspatial_kmeans(self, params):
+        """
+            Fetch data for non-spatial k-means.
+
+            Inputs - a dict (params) with the following keys:
+                colnames: a (text) list of column names (e.g.,
+                          `['andy', 'cookie']`)
+                id_col: the name of the id column (e.g., `'cartodb_id'`)
+                subquery: the subquery for exposing the data (e.g.,
+                          SELECT * FROM favorite_things)
+            Output:
+                A SQL query for packaging the data for consumption within
+                `KMeans().nonspatial`. Format will be a list of length one,
+                with the first element a dict with keys ('rowid', 'attr1',
+                'attr2', ...)
+        """
+        agg_cols = ', '.join([
+            'array_agg({0}) As arr_col{1}'.format(val, idx+1)
+            for idx, val in enumerate(params['colnames'])
+        ])
+        query = '''
+            SELECT {cols}, array_agg({id_col}) As rowid
+            FROM ({subquery}) As a
+        '''.format(subquery=params['subquery'],
+                   id_col=params['id_col'],
+                   cols=agg_cols).strip()
+        return plpy.execute(query)
+
+    @verify_data
+    def get_spatial_kmeans(self, params):
+        """fetch data for spatial kmeans"""
+        query = '''
+                SELECT
+                  array_agg("{id_col}" ORDER BY "{id_col}") as ids,
+                  array_agg(ST_X("{geom_col}") ORDER BY "{id_col}") As xs,
+                  array_agg(ST_Y("{geom_col}") ORDER BY "{id_col}") As ys
+                FROM ({subquery}) As a
+                WHERE "{geom_col}" IS NOT NULL
+                '''.format(**params)
+        return plpy.execute(query)
+
+    @verify_data
+    def get_gwr(self, params):
+        """fetch data for gwr analysis"""
+        query = pu.gwr_query(params)
+        return plpy.execute(query)
+
+    @verify_data
+    def get_gwr_predict(self, params):
+        """fetch data for gwr predict"""
+        query = pu.gwr_predict_query(params)
+        return plpy.execute(query)

release/python/0.8.0/crankshaft/crankshaft/centers/median_center.py

@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+"""
+    Based on the Weiszfeld algorithm:
+      https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geometric_median
+"""
+
+
+# import plpy
+import numpy as np
+from numpy.linalg import norm
+
+
+def median_center(tablename, geom_col, num_iters=50, tolerance=0.001):
+
+    query = '''
+        SELECT array_agg(ST_X({geom_col})) As x_coords,
+               array_agg(ST_Y({geom_col})) As y_coords
+          FROM {tablename}
+    '''.format(geom_col=geom_col, tablename=tablename)
+
+    try:
+        resp = plpy.execute(query)
+        data = np.vstack((resp['x_coords'][0],
+                          resp['y_coords'][0])).T
+
+        plpy.notice('coords: %s' % str(coords))
+    except Exception, err:
+        # plpy.error('Analysis failed: %s' % err)
+        print('No plpy')
+        data = np.array([[1.2 * np.random.random() + 10.,
+                          1.1 * (np.random.random() - 1.) + 3.]
+                        for i in range(1, 100)])
+
+    # initialize 'median center' to be the mean
+    coords_center_temp = data.mean(axis=0)
+
+    # plpy.notice('temp_center: %s' % str(coords_center_temp))
+    print('temp_center: %s' % str(coords_center_temp))
+
+    for i in range(0, num_iters):
+        old_coords_center = coords_center_temp.copy()
+        denom = denominator(coords_center_temp, data)
+        coords_center_temp = np.sum([data[j] * numerator(coords_center_temp,
+                                                         data[j])
+                                     for j in range(len(data))], axis=0)
+        coords_center_temp = coords_center_temp / denom
+
+        print("Pass #%d" % i)
+        print("max, min of data: %0.4f, %0.4f" % (data.max(), data.min()))
+        print('temp_center: %s' % str(coords_center_temp))
+        print("Change in center: %0.4f" % np.linalg.norm(old_coords_center -
+                                                         coords_center_temp))
+        print("Center coords: %s" % str(coords_center_temp))
+        print("Objective Function: %0.4f" % obj_func(coords_center_temp, data))
+
+    return coords_center_temp
+
+
+def obj_func(center_coords, data):
+    """
+
+    """
+    return np.linalg.norm(center_coords - data)
+
+
+def numerator(center_coords, data_i):
+    """
+
+    """
+    return np.reciprocal(np.linalg.norm(center_coords - data_i))
+
+
+def denominator(center_coords, data):
+    """
+
+    """
+    return np.reciprocal(np.linalg.norm(data - center_coords))

release/python/0.8.0/crankshaft/crankshaft/clustering/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+"""Import all functions from for clustering"""
+from moran import *
+from kmeans import *
+from getis import *

release/python/0.8.0/crankshaft/crankshaft/clustering/getis.py

@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+"""
+Getis-Ord's G geostatistics (hotspot/coldspot analysis)
+"""
+
+import pysal as ps
+from collections import OrderedDict
+
+# crankshaft modules
+import crankshaft.pysal_utils as pu
+from crankshaft.analysis_data_provider import AnalysisDataProvider
+
+# High level interface ---------------------------------------
+
+
+class Getis(object):
+    def __init__(self, data_provider=None):
+        if data_provider is None:
+            self.data_provider = AnalysisDataProvider()
+        else:
+            self.data_provider = data_provider
+
+    def getis_ord(self, subquery, attr,
+                  w_type, num_ngbrs, permutations, geom_col, id_col):
+        """
+        Getis-Ord's G*
+        Implementation building neighbors with a PostGIS database and PySAL's
+          Getis-Ord's G* hotspot/coldspot module.
+        Andy Eschbacher
+        """
+
+        # geometries with attributes that are null are ignored
+        # resulting in a collection of not as near neighbors if kNN is chosen
+
+        params = OrderedDict([("id_col", id_col),
+                              ("attr1", attr),
+                              ("geom_col", geom_col),
+                              ("subquery", subquery),
+                              ("num_ngbrs", num_ngbrs)])
+
+        result = self.data_provider.get_getis(w_type, params)
+        attr_vals = pu.get_attributes(result)
+
+        # build PySAL weight object
+        weight = pu.get_weight(result, w_type, num_ngbrs)
+
+        # calculate Getis-Ord's G* z- and p-values
+        getis = ps.esda.getisord.G_Local(attr_vals, weight,
+                                         star=True, permutations=permutations)
+
+        return zip(getis.z_sim, getis.p_sim, getis.p_z_sim, weight.id_order)

release/python/0.8.0/crankshaft/crankshaft/clustering/kmeans.py

@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+from sklearn.cluster import KMeans
+import numpy as np
+
+from crankshaft.analysis_data_provider import AnalysisDataProvider
+
+
+class Kmeans(object):
+    def __init__(self, data_provider=None):
+        if data_provider is None:
+            self.data_provider = AnalysisDataProvider()
+        else:
+            self.data_provider = data_provider
+
+    def spatial(self, query, no_clusters, no_init=20):
+        """
+            find centers based on clusters of latitude/longitude pairs
+            query: SQL query that has a WGS84 geometry (the_geom)
+        """
+        params = {"subquery": query,
+                  "geom_col": "the_geom",
+                  "id_col": "cartodb_id"}
+
+        result = self.data_provider.get_spatial_kmeans(params)
+
+        # Unpack query response
+        xs = result[0]['xs']
+        ys = result[0]['ys']
+        ids = result[0]['ids']
+
+        km = KMeans(n_clusters=no_clusters, n_init=no_init)
+        labels = km.fit_predict(zip(xs, ys))
+        return zip(ids, labels)
+
+    def nonspatial(self, subquery, colnames, no_clusters=5,
+                   standardize=True, id_col='cartodb_id'):
+        """
+        Arguments:
+            query (string): A SQL query to retrieve the data required to do the
+                            k-means clustering analysis, like so:
+                            SELECT * FROM iris_flower_data
+            colnames (list): a list of the column names which contain the data
+                             of interest, like so: ['sepal_width',
+                                                    'petal_width',
+                                                    'sepal_length',
+                                                    'petal_length']
+            no_clusters (int): number of clusters (greater than zero)
+            id_col (string): name of the input id_column
+
+        Returns:
+            A list of tuples with the following columns:
+            cluster labels: a label for the cluster that the row belongs to
+            centers: center of the cluster that this row belongs to
+            silhouettes: silhouette measure for this value
+            rowid: row that these values belong to (corresponds to the value in
+                   `id_col`)
+        """
+        import json
+        from sklearn import metrics
+
+        params = {
+            "colnames": colnames,
+            "subquery": subquery,
+            "id_col": id_col
+        }
+
+        data = self.data_provider.get_nonspatial_kmeans(params)
+
+        # fill array with values for k-means clustering
+        if standardize:
+            cluster_columns = _scale_data(
+              _extract_columns(data))
+        else:
+            cluster_columns = _extract_columns(data)
+
+        kmeans = KMeans(n_clusters=no_clusters,
+                        random_state=0).fit(cluster_columns)
+
+        centers = [json.dumps(dict(zip(colnames, c)))
+                   for c in kmeans.cluster_centers_[kmeans.labels_]]
+
+        silhouettes = metrics.silhouette_samples(cluster_columns,
+                                                 kmeans.labels_,
+                                                 metric='sqeuclidean')
+
+        return zip(kmeans.labels_,
+                   centers,
+                   silhouettes,
+                   [kmeans.inertia_] * kmeans.labels_.shape[0],
+                   data[0]['rowid'])
+
+
+# -- Preprocessing steps
+
+def _extract_columns(data):
+    """
+        Extract the features from the query and pack them into a NumPy array
+        data (list of dicts): result of the kmeans request
+    """
+    # number of columns minus rowid column
+    n_cols = len(data[0]) - 1
+    return np.array([data[0]['arr_col{0}'.format(i+1)]
+                     for i in xrange(n_cols)],
+                    dtype=float).T
+
+
+def _scale_data(features):
+    """
+        Scale all input columns to center on 0 with a standard devation of 1
+        features (numpy matrix): features of dimension (n_features, n_samples)
+    """
+    from sklearn.preprocessing import StandardScaler
+    scaler = StandardScaler()
+    return scaler.fit_transform(features)

release/python/0.8.0/crankshaft/crankshaft/clustering/moran.py

@@ -0,0 +1,341 @@
+"""
+Moran's I geostatistics (global clustering & outliers presence)
+Functionality relies on a combination of `PySAL
+<http://pysal.readthedocs.io/en/latest/>`__ and the data providered provided in
+the class instantiation (which defaults to PostgreSQL's plpy module's `database
+access functions <https://www.postgresql.org/docs/10/static/plpython.html>`__).
+"""
+
+from collections import OrderedDict
+import pysal as ps
+
+# crankshaft module
+import crankshaft.pysal_utils as pu
+from crankshaft.analysis_data_provider import AnalysisDataProvider
+
+# High level interface ---------------------------------------
+
+
+class Moran(object):
+    """Class for calculation of Moran's I statistics (global, local, and local
+    rate)
+
+    Parameters:
+      data_provider (:obj:`AnalysisDataProvider`): Class for fetching data. See
+        the `crankshaft.analysis_data_provider` module for more information.
+    """
+    def __init__(self, data_provider=None):
+        if data_provider is None:
+            self.data_provider = AnalysisDataProvider()
+        else:
+            self.data_provider = data_provider
+
+    def global_stat(self, subquery, attr_name,
+                    w_type, num_ngbrs, permutations, geom_col, id_col):
+        """
+        Moran's I (global)
+        Implementation building neighbors with a PostGIS database and Moran's I
+         core clusters with PySAL.
+
+        Args:
+
+          subquery (str): Query to give access to the data needed. This query
+            must give access to ``attr_name``, ``geom_col``, and ``id_col``.
+          attr_name (str): Column name of data to analyze
+          w_type (str): Type of spatial weight. Must be one of `knn`
+            or `queen`. See `PySAL documentation
+            <http://pysal.readthedocs.io/en/latest/users/tutorials/weights.html>`__
+            for more information.
+          num_ngbrs (int): If using `knn` for ``w_type``, this
+            specifies the number of neighbors to be used to define the spatial
+            neighborhoods.
+          permutations (int): Number of permutations for performing
+            conditional randomization to find the p-value. Higher numbers
+            takes a longer time for getting results.
+          geom_col (str): Name of the geometry column in the dataset for
+            finding the spatial neighborhoods.
+          id_col (str): Row index for each value. Usually the database index.
+
+        """
+        params = OrderedDict([("id_col", id_col),
+                              ("attr1", attr_name),
+                              ("geom_col", geom_col),
+                              ("subquery", subquery),
+                              ("num_ngbrs", num_ngbrs)])
+
+        result = self.data_provider.get_moran(w_type, params)
+
+        # collect attributes
+        attr_vals = pu.get_attributes(result)
+
+        # calculate weights
+        weight = pu.get_weight(result, w_type, num_ngbrs)
+
+        # calculate moran global
+        moran_global = ps.esda.moran.Moran(attr_vals, weight,
+                                           permutations=permutations)
+
+        return zip([moran_global.I], [moran_global.EI])
+
+    def local_stat(self, subquery, attr,
+                   w_type, num_ngbrs, permutations, geom_col, id_col):
+        """
+        Moran's I (local)
+
+        Args:
+
+          subquery (str): Query to give access to the data needed. This query
+            must give access to ``attr_name``, ``geom_col``, and ``id_col``.
+          attr (str): Column name of data to analyze
+          w_type (str): Type of spatial weight. Must be one of `knn`
+            or `queen`. See `PySAL documentation
+            <http://pysal.readthedocs.io/en/latest/users/tutorials/weights.html>`__
+            for more information.
+          num_ngbrs (int): If using `knn` for ``w_type``, this
+            specifies the number of neighbors to be used to define the spatial
+            neighborhoods.
+          permutations (int): Number of permutations for performing
+            conditional randomization to find the p-value. Higher numbers
+            takes a longer time for getting results.
+          geom_col (str): Name of the geometry column in the dataset for
+            finding the spatial neighborhoods.
+          id_col (str): Row index for each value. Usually the database index.
+
+        Returns:
+          list of tuples: Where each tuple consists of the following values:
+            - quadrants classification (one of `HH`, `HL`, `LL`, or `LH`)
+            - p-value
+            - spatial lag
+            - standardized spatial lag (centered on the mean, normalized by the
+              standard deviation)
+            - original value
+            - standardized value
+            - Moran's I statistic
+            - original row index
+        """
+
+        # geometries with attributes that are null are ignored
+        # resulting in a collection of not as near neighbors
+
+        params = OrderedDict([("id_col", id_col),
+                              ("attr1", attr),
+                              ("geom_col", geom_col),
+                              ("subquery", subquery),
+                              ("num_ngbrs", num_ngbrs)])
+
+        result = self.data_provider.get_moran(w_type, params)
+
+        attr_vals = pu.get_attributes(result)
+        weight = pu.get_weight(result, w_type, num_ngbrs)
+
+        # calculate LISA values
+        lisa = ps.esda.moran.Moran_Local(attr_vals, weight,
+                                         permutations=permutations)
+
+        # find quadrants for each geometry
+        quads = quad_position(lisa.q)
+
+        # calculate spatial lag
+        lag = ps.weights.spatial_lag.lag_spatial(weight, lisa.y)
+        lag_std = ps.weights.spatial_lag.lag_spatial(weight, lisa.z)
+
+        return zip(
+            quads,
+            lisa.p_sim,
+            lag,
+            lag_std,
+            lisa.y,
+            lisa.z,
+            lisa.Is,
+            weight.id_order
+        )
+
+    def global_rate_stat(self, subquery, numerator, denominator,
+                         w_type, num_ngbrs, permutations, geom_col, id_col):
+        """
+        Moran's I Rate (global)
+
+        Args:
+
+          subquery (str): Query to give access to the data needed. This query
+            must give access to ``attr_name``, ``geom_col``, and ``id_col``.
+          numerator (str): Column name of numerator to analyze
+          denominator (str): Column name of the denominator
+          w_type (str): Type of spatial weight. Must be one of `knn`
+            or `queen`. See `PySAL documentation
+            <http://pysal.readthedocs.io/en/latest/users/tutorials/weights.html>`__
+            for more information.
+          num_ngbrs (int): If using `knn` for ``w_type``, this
+            specifies the number of neighbors to be used to define the spatial
+            neighborhoods.
+          permutations (int): Number of permutations for performing
+            conditional randomization to find the p-value. Higher numbers
+            takes a longer time for getting results.
+          geom_col (str): Name of the geometry column in the dataset for
+            finding the spatial neighborhoods.
+          id_col (str): Row index for each value. Usually the database index.
+        """
+        params = OrderedDict([("id_col", id_col),
+                              ("attr1", numerator),
+                              ("attr2", denominator),
+                              ("geom_col", geom_col),
+                              ("subquery", subquery),
+                              ("num_ngbrs", num_ngbrs)])
+
+        result = self.data_provider.get_moran(w_type, params)
+
+        # collect attributes
+        numer = pu.get_attributes(result, 1)
+        denom = pu.get_attributes(result, 2)
+
+        weight = pu.get_weight(result, w_type, num_ngbrs)
+
+        # calculate moran global rate
+        lisa_rate = ps.esda.moran.Moran_Rate(numer, denom, weight,
+                                             permutations=permutations)
+
+        return zip([lisa_rate.I], [lisa_rate.EI])
+
+    def local_rate_stat(self, subquery, numerator, denominator,
+                        w_type, num_ngbrs, permutations, geom_col, id_col):
+        """
+        Moran's I Local Rate
+
+        Args:
+
+          subquery (str): Query to give access to the data needed. This query
+            must give access to ``attr_name``, ``geom_col``, and ``id_col``.
+          numerator (str): Column name of numerator to analyze
+          denominator (str): Column name of the denominator
+          w_type (str): Type of spatial weight. Must be one of `knn`
+            or `queen`. See `PySAL documentation
+            <http://pysal.readthedocs.io/en/latest/users/tutorials/weights.html>`__
+            for more information.
+          num_ngbrs (int): If using `knn` for ``w_type``, this
+            specifies the number of neighbors to be used to define the spatial
+            neighborhoods.
+          permutations (int): Number of permutations for performing
+            conditional randomization to find the p-value. Higher numbers
+            takes a longer time for getting results.
+          geom_col (str): Name of the geometry column in the dataset for
+            finding the spatial neighborhoods.
+          id_col (str): Row index for each value. Usually the database index.
+
+        Returns:
+          list of tuples: Where each tuple consists of the following values:
+            - quadrants classification (one of `HH`, `HL`, `LL`, or `LH`)
+            - p-value
+            - spatial lag
+            - standardized spatial lag (centered on the mean, normalized by the
+              standard deviation)
+            - original value (roughly numerator divided by denominator)
+            - standardized value
+            - Moran's I statistic
+            - original row index
+        """
+        # geometries with values that are null are ignored
+        # resulting in a collection of not as near neighbors
+
+        params = OrderedDict([("id_col", id_col),
+                              ("numerator", numerator),
+                              ("denominator", denominator),
+                              ("geom_col", geom_col),
+                              ("subquery", subquery),
+                              ("num_ngbrs", num_ngbrs)])
+
+        result = self.data_provider.get_moran(w_type, params)
+
+        # collect attributes
+        numer = pu.get_attributes(result, 1)
+        denom = pu.get_attributes(result, 2)
+
+        weight = pu.get_weight(result, w_type, num_ngbrs)
+
+        # calculate LISA values
+        lisa = ps.esda.moran.Moran_Local_Rate(numer, denom, weight,
+                                              permutations=permutations)
+
+        # find quadrants for each geometry
+        quads = quad_position(lisa.q)
+
+        # spatial lag
+        lag = ps.weights.spatial_lag.lag_spatial(weight, lisa.y)
+        lag_std = ps.weights.spatial_lag.lag_spatial(weight, lisa.z)
+
+        return zip(
+            quads,
+            lisa.p_sim,
+            lag,
+            lag_std,
+            lisa.y,
+            lisa.z,
+            lisa.Is,
+            weight.id_order
+        )
+
+    def local_bivariate_stat(self, subquery, attr1, attr2,
+                             permutations, geom_col, id_col,
+                             w_type, num_ngbrs):
+        """
+            Moran's I (local) Bivariate (untested)
+        """
+
+        params = OrderedDict([("id_col", id_col),
+                              ("attr1", attr1),
+                              ("attr2", attr2),
+                              ("geom_col", geom_col),
+                              ("subquery", subquery),
+                              ("num_ngbrs", num_ngbrs)])
+
+        result = self.data_provider.get_moran(w_type, params)
+
+        # collect attributes
+        attr1_vals = pu.get_attributes(result, 1)
+        attr2_vals = pu.get_attributes(result, 2)
+
+        # create weights
+        weight = pu.get_weight(result, w_type, num_ngbrs)
+
+        # calculate LISA values
+        lisa = ps.esda.moran.Moran_Local_BV(attr1_vals, attr2_vals, weight,
+                                            permutations=permutations)
+
+        # find clustering of significance
+        lisa_sig = quad_position(lisa.q)
+
+        return zip(lisa.Is, lisa_sig, lisa.p_sim, weight.id_order)
+
+# Low level functions ----------------------------------------
+
+
+def map_quads(coord):
+    """
+    Map a quadrant number to Moran's I designation
+    HH=1, LH=2, LL=3, HL=4
+    Args:
+      coord (int): quadrant of a specific measurement
+    Returns:
+      classification (one of 'HH', 'LH', 'LL', or 'HL')
+    """
+    if coord == 1:
+        return 'HH'
+    elif coord == 2:
+        return 'LH'
+    elif coord == 3:
+        return 'LL'
+    elif coord == 4:
+        return 'HL'
+    return None
+
+
+def quad_position(quads):
+    """
+    Map all quads
+
+    Args:
+      quads (:obj:`numpy.ndarray`): an array of quads classified by
+      1-4 (PySAL default)
+    Returns:
+      list: an array of quads classied by 'HH', 'LL', etc.
+    """
+    return [map_quads(q) for q in quads]

release/python/0.8.0/crankshaft/crankshaft/pysal_utils/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+"""Import all functions for pysal_utils"""
+from crankshaft.pysal_utils.pysal_utils import *

release/python/0.8.0/crankshaft/crankshaft/pysal_utils/pysal_utils.py

@@ -0,0 +1,251 @@
+"""
+    Utilities module for generic PySAL functionality, mainly centered on
+      translating queries into numpy arrays or PySAL weights objects
+"""
+
+import numpy as np
+import pysal as ps
+
+
+def construct_neighbor_query(w_type, query_vals):
+    """Return query (a string) used for finding neighbors
+        @param w_type text: type of neighbors to calculate ('knn' or 'queen')
+        @param query_vals dict: values used to construct the query
+    """
+
+    if w_type.lower() == 'knn':
+        return knn(query_vals)
+    else:
+        return queen(query_vals)
+
+
+# Build weight object
+def get_weight(query_res, w_type='knn', num_ngbrs=5):
+    """
+        Construct PySAL weight from return value of query
+        @param query_res dict-like: query results with attributes and neighbors
+    """
+
+    neighbors = {x['id']: x['neighbors'] for x in query_res}
+    print 'len of neighbors: %d' % len(neighbors)
+
+    built_weight = ps.W(neighbors)
+    built_weight.transform = 'r'
+
+    return built_weight
+
+
+def query_attr_select(params, table_ref=True):
+    """
+        Create portion of SELECT statement for attributes inolved in query.
+        Defaults to order in the params
+        @param params: dict of information used in query (column names,
+                       table name, etc.)
+            Example:
+            OrderedDict([('numerator', 'price'),
+                         ('denominator', 'sq_meters'),
+                         ('subquery', 'SELECT * FROM interesting_data')])
+        Output:
+          "i.\"price\"::numeric As attr1, " \
+          "i.\"sq_meters\"::numeric As attr2, "
+    """
+
+    attr_string = ""
+    template = "\"%(col)s\"::numeric As attr%(alias_num)s, "
+
+    if table_ref:
+        template = "i." + template
+
+    if ('time_cols' in params) or ('ind_vars' in params):
+        # if markov or gwr analysis
+        attrs = (params['time_cols'] if 'time_cols' in params
+                 else params['ind_vars'])
+        if 'ind_vars' in params:
+            template = "array_agg(\"%(col)s\"::numeric) As attr%(alias_num)s, "
+
+        for idx, val in enumerate(attrs):
+            attr_string += template % {"col": val, "alias_num": idx + 1}
+    else:
+        # if moran's analysis
+        attrs = [k for k in params
+                 if k not in ('id_col', 'geom_col', 'subquery',
+                              'num_ngbrs', 'subquery')]
+
+        for idx, val in enumerate(attrs):
+            attr_string += template % {"col": params[val],
+                                       "alias_num": idx + 1}
+
+    return attr_string
+
+
+def query_attr_where(params, table_ref=True):
+    """
+      Construct where conditions when building neighbors query
+        Create portion of WHERE clauses for weeding out NULL-valued geometries
+        Input: dict of params:
+            {'subquery': ...,
+             'numerator': 'data1',
+             'denominator': 'data2',
+             '': ...}
+        Output:
+          'idx_replace."data1" IS NOT NULL AND idx_replace."data2" IS NOT NULL'
+        Input:
+        {'subquery': ...,
+         'time_cols': ['time1', 'time2', 'time3'],
+         'etc': ...}
+        Output: 'idx_replace."time1" IS NOT NULL AND idx_replace."time2" IS NOT
+          NULL AND idx_replace."time3" IS NOT NULL'
+    """
+    attr_string = []
+    template = "\"%s\" IS NOT NULL"
+    if table_ref:
+        template = "idx_replace." + template
+
+    if ('time_cols' in params) or ('ind_vars' in params):
+        # markov or gwr where clauses
+        attrs = (params['time_cols'] if 'time_cols' in params
+                 else params['ind_vars'])
+        # add values to template
+        for attr in attrs:
+            attr_string.append(template % attr)
+    else:
+        # moran where clauses
+
+        # get keys
+        attrs = [k for k in params
+                 if k not in ('id_col', 'geom_col', 'subquery',
+                              'num_ngbrs', 'subquery')]
+
+        # add values to template
+        for attr in attrs:
+            attr_string.append(template % params[attr])
+
+        if 'denominator' in attrs:
+            attr_string.append(
+              "idx_replace.\"%s\" <> 0" % params['denominator'])
+
+    out = " AND ".join(attr_string)
+
+    return out
+
+
+def knn(params):
+    """SQL query for k-nearest neighbors.
+        @param vars: dict of values to fill template
+    """
+
+    attr_select = query_attr_select(params, table_ref=True)
+    attr_where = query_attr_where(params, table_ref=True)
+
+    replacements = {"attr_select": attr_select,
+                    "attr_where_i": attr_where.replace("idx_replace", "i"),
+                    "attr_where_j": attr_where.replace("idx_replace", "j")}
+
+    query = '''
+            SELECT
+              i."{id_col}" As id,
+              %(attr_select)s
+              (SELECT ARRAY(SELECT j."{id_col}"
+                FROM ({subquery}) As j
+                WHERE i."{id_col}" <> j."{id_col}" AND
+                      %(attr_where_j)s AND
+                      j."{geom_col}" IS NOT NULL
+                ORDER BY j."{geom_col}" <-> i."{geom_col}" ASC
+                LIMIT {num_ngbrs})) As neighbors
+             FROM ({subquery}) As i
+            WHERE %(attr_where_i)s AND i."{geom_col}" IS NOT NULL
+            ORDER BY i."{id_col}" ASC;
+            ''' % replacements
+
+    return query.format(**params)
+
+
+# SQL query for finding queens neighbors (all contiguous polygons)
+def queen(params):
+    """SQL query for queen neighbors.
+        @param params dict: information to fill query
+    """
+    attr_select = query_attr_select(params)
+    attr_where = query_attr_where(params)
+
+    replacements = {"attr_select": attr_select,
+                    "attr_where_i": attr_where.replace("idx_replace", "i"),
+                    "attr_where_j": attr_where.replace("idx_replace", "j")}
+
+    query = '''
+            SELECT
+              i."{id_col}" As id,
+              %(attr_select)s
+              (SELECT ARRAY(SELECT j."{id_col}"
+                 FROM ({subquery}) As j
+                WHERE i."{id_col}" <> j."{id_col}" AND
+                      ST_Touches(i."{geom_col}", j."{geom_col}") AND
+                      %(attr_where_j)s)) As neighbors
+            FROM ({subquery}) As i
+            WHERE
+                %(attr_where_i)s
+            ORDER BY i."{id_col}" ASC;
+            ''' % replacements
+
+    return query.format(**params)
+
+
+def gwr_query(params):
+    """
+    GWR query
+    """
+
+    replacements = {"ind_vars_select": query_attr_select(params,
+                                                         table_ref=None),
+                    "ind_vars_where": query_attr_where(params,
+                                                       table_ref=None)}
+
+    query = '''
+      SELECT
+        array_agg(ST_X(ST_Centroid("{geom_col}"))) As x,
+        array_agg(ST_Y(ST_Centroid("{geom_col}"))) As y,
+        array_agg("{dep_var}") As dep_var,
+        %(ind_vars_select)s
+        array_agg("{id_col}") As rowid
+      FROM ({subquery}) As q
+      WHERE
+        "{dep_var}" IS NOT NULL AND
+        %(ind_vars_where)s
+        ''' % replacements
+
+    return query.format(**params).strip()
+
+
+def gwr_predict_query(params):
+    """
+    GWR query
+    """
+
+    replacements = {"ind_vars_select": query_attr_select(params,
+                                                         table_ref=None),
+                    "ind_vars_where": query_attr_where(params,
+                                                       table_ref=None)}
+
+    query = '''
+      SELECT
+        array_agg(ST_X(ST_Centroid({geom_col}))) As x,
+        array_agg(ST_Y(ST_Centroid({geom_col}))) As y,
+        array_agg({dep_var}) As dep_var,
+        %(ind_vars_select)s
+        array_agg({id_col}) As rowid
+      FROM ({subquery}) As q
+      WHERE
+        %(ind_vars_where)s
+        ''' % replacements
+
+    return query.format(**params).strip()
+# to add more weight methods open a ticket or pull request
+
+
+def get_attributes(query_res, attr_num=1):
+    """
+        @param query_res: query results with attributes and neighbors
+        @param attr_num: attribute number (1, 2, ...)
+    """
+    return np.array([x['attr' + str(attr_num)] for x in query_res],
+                    dtype=np.float)

release/python/0.8.0/crankshaft/crankshaft/random_seeds.py

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+"""Random seed generator used for non-deterministic functions in crankshaft"""
+import random
+import numpy
+
+
+def set_random_seeds(value):
+    """
+    Set the seeds of the RNGs (Random Number Generators)
+    used internally.
+    """
+    random.seed(value)
+    numpy.random.seed(value)

release/python/0.8.0/crankshaft/crankshaft/regression/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+from crankshaft.regression.gwr import *
+from crankshaft.regression.glm import *
+from crankshaft.regression.gwr_cs import *

release/python/0.8.0/crankshaft/crankshaft/regression/glm/GLM_validate_estimation.ipynb

@@ -0,0 +1,444 @@
+{
+ "cells": [
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 1,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "#Import GLM and pysal\n",
+    "import os\n",
+    "import numpy as np\n",
+    "os.chdir('/Users/toshan/dev/pysal/pysal/contrib/glm')\n",
+    "from glm import GLM\n",
+    "import pysal\n",
+    "import pandas as pd\n",
+    "import statsmodels.formula.api as smf\n",
+    "import statsmodels.api as sm\n",
+    "from family import Gaussian, Binomial, Poisson, QuasiPoisson\n",
+    "\n",
+    "from statsmodels.api import families"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 2,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "#Prepare some test data - columbus example\n",
+    "db = pysal.open(pysal.examples.get_path('columbus.dbf'),'r')\n",
+    "y = np.array(db.by_col(\"HOVAL\"))\n",
+    "y = np.reshape(y, (49,1))\n",
+    "X = []\n",
+    "#X.append(np.ones(len(y)))\n",
+    "X.append(db.by_col(\"INC\"))\n",
+    "X.append(db.by_col(\"CRIME\"))\n",
+    "X = np.array(X).T"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 3,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "[[ 46.42818268]\n",
+      " [  0.62898397]\n",
+      " [ -0.48488854]]\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "#First fit pysal OLS model\n",
+    "from pysal.spreg import ols\n",
+    "OLS = ols.OLS(y, X)\n",
+    "print OLS.betas"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 4,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false,
+    "scrolled": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "<class 'family.Gaussian'>\n",
+      "<class 'family.Gaussian'>\n",
+      "<class 'family.Gaussian'>\n",
+      "[ 46.42818268   0.62898397  -0.48488854]\n",
+      "[ 46.42818268   0.62898397  -0.48488854]\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "#Then fit Gaussian GLM\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#create Gaussian GLM model object\n",
+    "model = GLM(y, X, Gaussian())\n",
+    "model\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Fit model to estimate coefficients and return GLMResults object\n",
+    "results = model.fit()\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Check coefficients - R betas [46.4282, 0.6290, -0.4849]\n",
+    "print results.params\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Gaussian GLM results from statsmodels\n",
+    "sm_model = smf.GLM(y, sm.add_constant(X), family=families.Gaussian())\n",
+    "sm_results = sm_model.fit()\n",
+    "print sm_results.params"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 5,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "2 2\n",
+      "<class 'family.Gaussian'>\n",
+      "True\n",
+      "True\n",
+      "True\n",
+      "True\n",
+      "True\n",
+      "True\n",
+      "True\n",
+      "True\n",
+      "<class 'family.Gaussian'>\n",
+      "<class 'family.Gaussian'>\n",
+      "<class 'family.Gaussian'>\n",
+      "True\n",
+      "True\n",
+      "True\n",
+      "True\n",
+      "True\n",
+      "True\n",
+      "True\n",
+      "True\n",
+      "True\n",
+      "True\n",
+      "True\n",
+      "True\n",
+      "True\n",
+      "True\n",
+      "True\n",
+      "True\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "print results.df_model, sm_results.df_model\n",
+    "print np.allclose(results.aic, sm_results.aic)\n",
+    "print np.allclose(results.bic, sm_results.bic)\n",
+    "print np.allclose(results.deviance, sm_results.deviance)\n",
+    "print np.allclose(results.df_model, sm_results.df_model)\n",
+    "print np.allclose(results.df_resid, sm_results.df_resid)\n",
+    "print np.allclose(results.llf, sm_results.llf)\n",
+    "print np.allclose(results.mu, sm_results.mu)\n",
+    "print np.allclose(results.n, sm_results.nobs)\n",
+    "print np.allclose(results.null, sm_results.null)\n",
+    "print np.allclose(results.null_deviance, sm_results.null_deviance)\n",
+    "print np.allclose(results.params, sm_results.params)\n",
+    "print np.allclose(results.pearson_chi2, sm_results.pearson_chi2)\n",
+    "print np.allclose(results.resid_anscombe, sm_results.resid_anscombe)\n",
+    "print np.allclose(results.resid_deviance, sm_results.resid_deviance)\n",
+    "print np.allclose(results.resid_pearson, sm_results.resid_pearson)\n",
+    "print np.allclose(results.resid_response, sm_results.resid_response)\n",
+    "print np.allclose(results.resid_working, sm_results.resid_working)\n",
+    "print np.allclose(results.scale, sm_results.scale)\n",
+    "print np.allclose(results.normalized_cov_params, sm_results.normalized_cov_params)\n",
+    "print np.allclose(results.cov_params(), sm_results.cov_params())\n",
+    "print np.allclose(results.bse, sm_results.bse)\n",
+    "print np.allclose(results.conf_int(), sm_results.conf_int())\n",
+    "print np.allclose(results.pvalues, sm_results.pvalues)\n",
+    "print np.allclose(results.tvalues, sm_results.tvalues)\n"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 6,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "<class 'family.Poisson'>\n",
+      "<class 'family.Poisson'>\n",
+      "<class 'family.Poisson'>\n",
+      "[ 3.92159085  0.01183491 -0.01371397]\n",
+      "[ 3.92159085  0.01183491 -0.01371397]\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "#Now fit a Poisson GLM \n",
+    "\n",
+    "poisson_y = np.round(y).astype(int)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#create Poisson GLM model object\n",
+    "model = GLM(poisson_y, X, Poisson())\n",
+    "model\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Fit model to estimate coefficients and return GLMResults object\n",
+    "results = model.fit()\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Check coefficients - R betas [3.91926, 0.01198, -0.01371]\n",
+    "print results.params.T\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Poisson GLM results from statsmodels\n",
+    "sm_results = smf.GLM(poisson_y, sm.add_constant(X), family=families.Poisson()).fit()\n",
+    "print sm_results.params"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 7,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "<class 'family.Poisson'>\n",
+      "True\n",
+      "True\n",
+      "True\n",
+      "True\n",
+      "True\n",
+      "True\n",
+      "True\n",
+      "True\n",
+      "<class 'family.Poisson'>\n",
+      "<class 'family.Poisson'>\n",
+      "<class 'family.Poisson'>\n",
+      "True\n",
+      "True\n",
+      "True\n",
+      "True\n",
+      "True\n",
+      "True\n",
+      "True\n",
+      "True\n",
+      "True\n",
+      "True\n",
+      "True\n",
+      "True\n",
+      "True\n",
+      "True\n",
+      "True\n",
+      "True\n",
+      "[ 0.13049161  0.00511599  0.00193769] [ 0.13049161  0.00511599  0.00193769]\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "print np.allclose(results.aic, sm_results.aic)\n",
+    "print np.allclose(results.bic, sm_results.bic)\n",
+    "print np.allclose(results.deviance, sm_results.deviance)\n",
+    "print np.allclose(results.df_model, sm_results.df_model)\n",
+    "print np.allclose(results.df_resid, sm_results.df_resid)\n",
+    "print np.allclose(results.llf, sm_results.llf)\n",
+    "print np.allclose(results.mu, sm_results.mu)\n",
+    "print np.allclose(results.n, sm_results.nobs)\n",
+    "print np.allclose(results.null, sm_results.null)\n",
+    "print np.allclose(results.null_deviance, sm_results.null_deviance)\n",
+    "print np.allclose(results.params, sm_results.params)\n",
+    "print np.allclose(results.pearson_chi2, sm_results.pearson_chi2)\n",
+    "print np.allclose(results.resid_anscombe, sm_results.resid_anscombe)\n",
+    "print np.allclose(results.resid_deviance, sm_results.resid_deviance)\n",
+    "print np.allclose(results.resid_pearson, sm_results.resid_pearson)\n",
+    "print np.allclose(results.resid_response, sm_results.resid_response)\n",
+    "print np.allclose(results.resid_working, sm_results.resid_working)\n",
+    "print np.allclose(results.scale, sm_results.scale)\n",
+    "print np.allclose(results.normalized_cov_params, sm_results.normalized_cov_params)\n",
+    "print np.allclose(results.cov_params(), sm_results.cov_params())\n",
+    "print np.allclose(results.bse, sm_results.bse)\n",
+    "print np.allclose(results.conf_int(), sm_results.conf_int())\n",
+    "print np.allclose(results.pvalues, sm_results.pvalues)\n",
+    "print np.allclose(results.tvalues, sm_results.tvalues)\n",
+    "print results.bse, sm_results.bse"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 82,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false,
+    "scrolled": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "[-5.33638276  0.0287754 ]\n",
+      "[-5.33638276  0.0287754 ]\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "#Now fit a binomial GLM\n",
+    "londonhp = pd.read_csv('/Users/toshan/projects/londonhp.csv')\n",
+    "#londonhp = pd.read_csv('/Users/qszhao/Dropbox/pysal/pysal/contrib/gwr/londonhp.csv')\n",
+    "y = londonhp['BATH2'].values\n",
+    "y = np.reshape(y, (316,1))\n",
+    "X = londonhp['FLOORSZ'].values\n",
+    "X = np.reshape(X, (316,1))\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#create logistic GLM model object\n",
+    "model = GLM(y, X, Binomial())\n",
+    "model\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Fit model to estimate coefficients and return GLMResults object\n",
+    "results = model.fit()\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Check coefficients - R betas [-5.33638, 0.02878]\n",
+    "print results.params.T\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Logistic GLM results from statsmodels\n",
+    "sm_results = smf.GLM(y, sm.add_constant(X), family=families.Binomial()).fit()\n",
+    "print sm_results.params"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 76,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "1 1\n",
+      "True\n",
+      "True\n",
+      "True\n",
+      "True\n",
+      "True\n",
+      "True\n",
+      "True\n",
+      "True\n",
+      "True\n",
+      "True\n",
+      "True\n",
+      "True\n",
+      "True\n",
+      "True\n",
+      "True\n",
+      "True\n",
+      "True\n",
+      "True\n",
+      "True\n",
+      "True\n",
+      "True\n",
+      "True\n",
+      "True\n",
+      "True\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "print results.df_model, sm_results.df_model\n",
+    "print np.allclose(results.aic, sm_results.aic)\n",
+    "print np.allclose(results.bic, sm_results.bic)\n",
+    "print np.allclose(results.deviance, sm_results.deviance)\n",
+    "print np.allclose(results.df_model, sm_results.df_model)\n",
+    "print np.allclose(results.df_resid, sm_results.df_resid)\n",
+    "print np.allclose(results.llf, sm_results.llf)\n",
+    "print np.allclose(results.mu, sm_results.mu)\n",
+    "print np.allclose(results.n, sm_results.nobs)\n",
+    "print np.allclose(results.null, sm_results.null)\n",
+    "print np.allclose(results.null_deviance, sm_results.null_deviance)\n",
+    "print np.allclose(results.params, sm_results.params)\n",
+    "print np.allclose(results.pearson_chi2, sm_results.pearson_chi2)\n",
+    "print np.allclose(results.resid_anscombe, sm_results.resid_anscombe)\n",
+    "print np.allclose(results.resid_deviance, sm_results.resid_deviance)\n",
+    "print np.allclose(results.resid_pearson, sm_results.resid_pearson)\n",
+    "print np.allclose(results.resid_response, sm_results.resid_response)\n",
+    "print np.allclose(results.resid_working, sm_results.resid_working)\n",
+    "print np.allclose(results.scale, sm_results.scale)\n",
+    "print np.allclose(results.normalized_cov_params, sm_results.normalized_cov_params)\n",
+    "print np.allclose(results.cov_params(), sm_results.cov_params())\n",
+    "print np.allclose(results.bse, sm_results.bse)\n",
+    "print np.allclose(results.conf_int(), sm_results.conf_int())\n",
+    "print np.allclose(results.pvalues, sm_results.pvalues)\n",
+    "print np.allclose(results.tvalues, sm_results.tvalues)\n"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 10,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "<class 'family.QuasiPoisson'>\n",
+      "<class 'family.QuasiPoisson'>\n",
+      "<class 'family.QuasiPoisson'>\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "#create QUasiPoisson GLM model object\n",
+    "model = GLM(poisson_y, X, QuasiPoisson())\n",
+    "model\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Fit model to estimate coefficients and return GLMResults object\n",
+    "results = model.fit()"
+   ]
+  }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {
+  "kernelspec": {
+   "display_name": "Python 2",
+   "language": "python",
+   "name": "python2"
+  },
+  "language_info": {
+   "codemirror_mode": {
+    "name": "ipython",
+    "version": 2
+   },
+   "file_extension": ".py",
+   "mimetype": "text/x-python",
+   "name": "python",
+   "nbconvert_exporter": "python",
+   "pygments_lexer": "ipython2",
+   "version": "2.7.9"
+  }
+ },
+ "nbformat": 4,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0
+}

release/python/0.8.0/crankshaft/crankshaft/regression/glm/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+import glm
+import family
+import utils
+import iwls

release/python/0.8.0/crankshaft/crankshaft/regression/glm/base.py

@@ -0,0 +1,959 @@
+
+from __future__ import print_function
+import numpy as np
+from scipy import stats
+from utils import cache_readonly
+
+class Results(object):
+    """
+    Class to contain model results
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    model : class instance
+        the previously specified model instance
+    params : array
+        parameter estimates from the fit model
+    """
+    def __init__(self, model, params, **kwd):
+        self.__dict__.update(kwd)
+        self.initialize(model, params, **kwd)
+        self._data_attr = []
+
+    def initialize(self, model, params, **kwd):
+        self.params = params
+        self.model = model
+        if hasattr(model, 'k_constant'):
+            self.k_constant = model.k_constant
+
+    def predict(self, exog=None, transform=True, *args, **kwargs):
+        """
+        Call self.model.predict with self.params as the first argument.
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        exog : array-like, optional
+            The values for which you want to predict.
+        transform : bool, optional
+            If the model was fit via a formula, do you want to pass
+            exog through the formula. Default is True. E.g., if you fit
+            a model y ~ log(x1) + log(x2), and transform is True, then
+            you can pass a data structure that contains x1 and x2 in
+            their original form. Otherwise, you'd need to log the data
+            first.
+        args, kwargs :
+            Some models can take additional arguments or keywords, see the
+            predict method of the model for the details.
+        Returns
+        -------
+        prediction : ndarray or pandas.Series
+            See self.model.predict
+        """
+        if transform and hasattr(self.model, 'formula') and exog is not None:
+            from patsy import dmatrix
+            exog = dmatrix(self.model.data.design_info.builder,
+                           exog)
+
+        if exog is not None:
+            exog = np.asarray(exog)
+            if exog.ndim == 1 and (self.model.exog.ndim == 1 or
+                                   self.model.exog.shape[1] == 1):
+                exog = exog[:, None]
+            exog = np.atleast_2d(exog)  # needed in count model shape[1]
+
+        return self.model.predict(self.params, exog, *args, **kwargs)
+
+
+#TODO: public method?
+class LikelihoodModelResults(Results):
+    """
+    Class to contain results from likelihood models
+    Parameters
+    -----------
+    model : LikelihoodModel instance or subclass instance
+        LikelihoodModelResults holds a reference to the model that is fit.
+    params : 1d array_like
+        parameter estimates from estimated model
+    normalized_cov_params : 2d array
+       Normalized (before scaling) covariance of params. (dot(X.T,X))**-1
+    scale : float
+        For (some subset of models) scale will typically be the
+        mean square error from the estimated model (sigma^2)
+    Returns
+    -------
+    **Attributes**
+    mle_retvals : dict
+        Contains the values returned from the chosen optimization method if
+        full_output is True during the fit.  Available only if the model
+        is fit by maximum likelihood.  See notes below for the output from
+        the different methods.
+    mle_settings : dict
+        Contains the arguments passed to the chosen optimization method.
+        Available if the model is fit by maximum likelihood.  See
+        LikelihoodModel.fit for more information.
+    model : model instance
+        LikelihoodResults contains a reference to the model that is fit.
+    params : ndarray
+        The parameters estimated for the model.
+    scale : float
+        The scaling factor of the model given during instantiation.
+    tvalues : array
+        The t-values of the standard errors.
+    Notes
+    -----
+    The covariance of params is given by scale times normalized_cov_params.
+    Return values by solver if full_output is True during fit:
+        'newton'
+            fopt : float
+                The value of the (negative) loglikelihood at its
+                minimum.
+            iterations : int
+                Number of iterations performed.
+            score : ndarray
+                The score vector at the optimum.
+            Hessian : ndarray
+                The Hessian at the optimum.
+            warnflag : int
+                1 if maxiter is exceeded. 0 if successful convergence.
+            converged : bool
+                True: converged. False: did not converge.
+            allvecs : list
+                List of solutions at each iteration.
+        'nm'
+            fopt : float
+                The value of the (negative) loglikelihood at its
+                minimum.
+            iterations : int
+                Number of iterations performed.
+            warnflag : int
+                1: Maximum number of function evaluations made.
+                2: Maximum number of iterations reached.
+            converged : bool
+                True: converged. False: did not converge.
+            allvecs : list
+                List of solutions at each iteration.
+        'bfgs'
+            fopt : float
+                Value of the (negative) loglikelihood at its minimum.
+            gopt : float
+                Value of gradient at minimum, which should be near 0.
+            Hinv : ndarray
+                value of the inverse Hessian matrix at minimum.  Note
+                that this is just an approximation and will often be
+                different from the value of the analytic Hessian.
+            fcalls : int
+                Number of calls to loglike.
+            gcalls : int
+                Number of calls to gradient/score.
+            warnflag : int
+                1: Maximum number of iterations exceeded. 2: Gradient
+                and/or function calls are not changing.
+            converged : bool
+                True: converged.  False: did not converge.
+            allvecs : list
+                Results at each iteration.
+        'lbfgs'
+            fopt : float
+                Value of the (negative) loglikelihood at its minimum.
+            gopt : float
+                Value of gradient at minimum, which should be near 0.
+            fcalls : int
+                Number of calls to loglike.
+            warnflag : int
+                Warning flag:
+                - 0 if converged
+                - 1 if too many function evaluations or too many iterations
+                - 2 if stopped for another reason
+            converged : bool
+                True: converged.  False: did not converge.
+        'powell'
+            fopt : float
+                Value of the (negative) loglikelihood at its minimum.
+            direc : ndarray
+                Current direction set.
+            iterations : int
+                Number of iterations performed.
+            fcalls : int
+                Number of calls to loglike.
+            warnflag : int
+                1: Maximum number of function evaluations. 2: Maximum number
+                of iterations.
+            converged : bool
+                True : converged. False: did not converge.
+            allvecs : list
+                Results at each iteration.
+        'cg'
+            fopt : float
+                Value of the (negative) loglikelihood at its minimum.
+            fcalls : int
+                Number of calls to loglike.
+            gcalls : int
+                Number of calls to gradient/score.
+            warnflag : int
+                1: Maximum number of iterations exceeded. 2: Gradient and/
+                or function calls not changing.
+            converged : bool
+                True: converged. False: did not converge.
+            allvecs : list
+                Results at each iteration.
+        'ncg'
+            fopt : float
+                Value of the (negative) loglikelihood at its minimum.
+            fcalls : int
+                Number of calls to loglike.
+            gcalls : int
+                Number of calls to gradient/score.
+            hcalls : int
+                Number of calls to hessian.
+            warnflag : int
+                1: Maximum number of iterations exceeded.
+            converged : bool
+                True: converged. False: did not converge.
+            allvecs : list
+                Results at each iteration.
+        """
+
+    # by default we use normal distribution
+    # can be overwritten by instances or subclasses
+    use_t = False
+
+    def __init__(self, model, params, normalized_cov_params=None, scale=1.,
+                 **kwargs):
+        super(LikelihoodModelResults, self).__init__(model, params)
+        self.normalized_cov_params = normalized_cov_params
+        self.scale = scale
+
+        # robust covariance
+        # We put cov_type in kwargs so subclasses can decide in fit whether to
+        # use this generic implementation
+        if 'use_t' in kwargs:
+            use_t = kwargs['use_t']
+            if use_t is not None:
+                self.use_t = use_t
+        if 'cov_type' in kwargs:
+            cov_type = kwargs.get('cov_type', 'nonrobust')
+            cov_kwds = kwargs.get('cov_kwds', {})
+
+            if cov_type == 'nonrobust':
+                self.cov_type = 'nonrobust'
+                self.cov_kwds = {'description' : 'Standard Errors assume that the ' +
+                                 'covariance matrix of the errors is correctly ' +
+                                 'specified.'}
+            else:
+                from statsmodels.base.covtype import get_robustcov_results
+                if cov_kwds is None:
+                    cov_kwds = {}
+                use_t = self.use_t
+                # TODO: we shouldn't need use_t in get_robustcov_results
+                get_robustcov_results(self, cov_type=cov_type, use_self=True,
+                                           use_t=use_t, **cov_kwds)
+
+
+    def normalized_cov_params(self):
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+
+    def _get_robustcov_results(self, cov_type='nonrobust', use_self=True,
+                                   use_t=None, **cov_kwds):
+        from statsmodels.base.covtype import get_robustcov_results
+        if cov_kwds is None:
+            cov_kwds = {}
+
+        if cov_type == 'nonrobust':
+            self.cov_type = 'nonrobust'
+            self.cov_kwds = {'description' : 'Standard Errors assume that the ' +
+                             'covariance matrix of the errors is correctly ' +
+                             'specified.'}
+        else:
+            # TODO: we shouldn't need use_t in get_robustcov_results
+            get_robustcov_results(self, cov_type=cov_type, use_self=True,
+                                       use_t=use_t, **cov_kwds)
+
+    @cache_readonly
+    def llf(self):
+        return self.model.loglike(self.params)
+
+    @cache_readonly
+    def bse(self):
+        return np.sqrt(np.diag(self.cov_params()))
+
+    @cache_readonly
+    def tvalues(self):
+        """
+        Return the t-statistic for a given parameter estimate.
+        """
+        return self.params / self.bse
+
+    @cache_readonly
+    def pvalues(self):
+        if self.use_t:
+            df_resid = getattr(self, 'df_resid_inference', self.df_resid)
+            return stats.t.sf(np.abs(self.tvalues), df_resid)*2
+        else:
+            return stats.norm.sf(np.abs(self.tvalues))*2
+
+
+    def cov_params(self, r_matrix=None, column=None, scale=None, cov_p=None,
+            other=None):
+        """
+        Returns the variance/covariance matrix.
+        The variance/covariance matrix can be of a linear contrast
+        of the estimates of params or all params multiplied by scale which
+        will usually be an estimate of sigma^2.  Scale is assumed to be
+        a scalar.
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        r_matrix : array-like
+            Can be 1d, or 2d.  Can be used alone or with other.
+        column :  array-like, optional
+            Must be used on its own.  Can be 0d or 1d see below.
+        scale : float, optional
+            Can be specified or not.  Default is None, which means that
+            the scale argument is taken from the model.
+        other : array-like, optional
+            Can be used when r_matrix is specified.
+        Returns
+        -------
+        cov : ndarray
+            covariance matrix of the parameter estimates or of linear
+            combination of parameter estimates. See Notes.
+        Notes
+        -----
+        (The below are assumed to be in matrix notation.)
+        If no argument is specified returns the covariance matrix of a model
+        ``(scale)*(X.T X)^(-1)``
+        If contrast is specified it pre and post-multiplies as follows
+        ``(scale) * r_matrix (X.T X)^(-1) r_matrix.T``
+        If contrast and other are specified returns
+        ``(scale) * r_matrix (X.T X)^(-1) other.T``
+        If column is specified returns
+        ``(scale) * (X.T X)^(-1)[column,column]`` if column is 0d
+        OR
+        ``(scale) * (X.T X)^(-1)[column][:,column]`` if column is 1d
+        """
+        if (hasattr(self, 'mle_settings') and
+                self.mle_settings['optimizer'] in ['l1', 'l1_cvxopt_cp']):
+            dot_fun = nan_dot
+        else:
+            dot_fun = np.dot
+
+        if (cov_p is None and self.normalized_cov_params is None and
+            not hasattr(self, 'cov_params_default')):
+            raise ValueError('need covariance of parameters for computing '
+                             '(unnormalized) covariances')
+        if column is not None and (r_matrix is not None or other is not None):
+            raise ValueError('Column should be specified without other '
+                             'arguments.')
+        if other is not None and r_matrix is None:
+            raise ValueError('other can only be specified with r_matrix')
+
+        if cov_p is None:
+            if hasattr(self, 'cov_params_default'):
+                cov_p = self.cov_params_default
+            else:
+                if scale is None:
+                    scale = self.scale
+                cov_p = self.normalized_cov_params * scale
+
+        if column is not None:
+            column = np.asarray(column)
+            if column.shape == ():
+                return cov_p[column, column]
+            else:
+                #return cov_p[column][:, column]
+                return cov_p[column[:, None], column]
+        elif r_matrix is not None:
+            r_matrix = np.asarray(r_matrix)
+            if r_matrix.shape == ():
+                raise ValueError("r_matrix should be 1d or 2d")
+            if other is None:
+                other = r_matrix
+            else:
+                other = np.asarray(other)
+            tmp = dot_fun(r_matrix, dot_fun(cov_p, np.transpose(other)))
+            return tmp
+        else:  # if r_matrix is None and column is None:
+            return cov_p
+
+    #TODO: make sure this works as needed for GLMs
+    def t_test(self, r_matrix, cov_p=None, scale=None,
+               use_t=None):
+        """
+        Compute a t-test for a each linear hypothesis of the form Rb = q
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        r_matrix : array-like, str, tuple
+            - array : If an array is given, a p x k 2d array or length k 1d
+              array specifying the linear restrictions. It is assumed
+              that the linear combination is equal to zero.
+            - str : The full hypotheses to test can be given as a string.
+              See the examples.
+            - tuple : A tuple of arrays in the form (R, q). If q is given,
+              can be either a scalar or a length p row vector.
+        cov_p : array-like, optional
+            An alternative estimate for the parameter covariance matrix.
+            If None is given, self.normalized_cov_params is used.
+        scale : float, optional
+            An optional `scale` to use.  Default is the scale specified
+            by the model fit.
+        use_t : bool, optional
+            If use_t is None, then the default of the model is used.
+            If use_t is True, then the p-values are based on the t
+            distribution.
+            If use_t is False, then the p-values are based on the normal
+            distribution.
+        Returns
+        -------
+        res : ContrastResults instance
+            The results for the test are attributes of this results instance.
+            The available results have the same elements as the parameter table
+            in `summary()`.
+        Examples
+        --------
+        >>> import numpy as np
+        >>> import statsmodels.api as sm
+        >>> data = sm.datasets.longley.load()
+        >>> data.exog = sm.add_constant(data.exog)
+        >>> results = sm.OLS(data.endog, data.exog).fit()
+        >>> r = np.zeros_like(results.params)
+        >>> r[5:] = [1,-1]
+        >>> print(r)
+        [ 0.  0.  0.  0.  0.  1. -1.]
+        r tests that the coefficients on the 5th and 6th independent
+        variable are the same.
+        >>> T_test = results.t_test(r)
+        >>> print(T_test)
+        <T contrast: effect=-1829.2025687192481, sd=455.39079425193762,
+        t=-4.0167754636411717, p=0.0015163772380899498, df_denom=9>
+        >>> T_test.effect
+        -1829.2025687192481
+        >>> T_test.sd
+        455.39079425193762
+        >>> T_test.tvalue
+        -4.0167754636411717
+        >>> T_test.pvalue
+        0.0015163772380899498
+        Alternatively, you can specify the hypothesis tests using a string
+        >>> from statsmodels.formula.api import ols
+        >>> dta = sm.datasets.longley.load_pandas().data
+        >>> formula = 'TOTEMP ~ GNPDEFL + GNP + UNEMP + ARMED + POP + YEAR'
+        >>> results = ols(formula, dta).fit()
+        >>> hypotheses = 'GNPDEFL = GNP, UNEMP = 2, YEAR/1829 = 1'
+        >>> t_test = results.t_test(hypotheses)
+        >>> print(t_test)
+        See Also
+        ---------
+        tvalues : individual t statistics
+        f_test : for F tests
+        patsy.DesignInfo.linear_constraint
+        """
+        from patsy import DesignInfo
+        names = self.model.data.param_names
+        LC = DesignInfo(names).linear_constraint(r_matrix)
+        r_matrix, q_matrix = LC.coefs, LC.constants
+        num_ttests = r_matrix.shape[0]
+        num_params = r_matrix.shape[1]
+
+        if (cov_p is None and self.normalized_cov_params is None and
+            not hasattr(self, 'cov_params_default')):
+            raise ValueError('Need covariance of parameters for computing '
+                             'T statistics')
+        if num_params != self.params.shape[0]:
+            raise ValueError('r_matrix and params are not aligned')
+        if q_matrix is None:
+            q_matrix = np.zeros(num_ttests)
+        else:
+            q_matrix = np.asarray(q_matrix)
+            q_matrix = q_matrix.squeeze()
+        if q_matrix.size > 1:
+            if q_matrix.shape[0] != num_ttests:
+                raise ValueError("r_matrix and q_matrix must have the same "
+                                 "number of rows")
+
+        if use_t is None:
+            #switch to use_t false if undefined
+            use_t = (hasattr(self, 'use_t') and self.use_t)
+
+        _t = _sd = None
+
+        _effect = np.dot(r_matrix, self.params)
+        # nan_dot multiplies with the convention nan * 0 = 0
+
+        # Perform the test
+        if num_ttests > 1:
+            _sd = np.sqrt(np.diag(self.cov_params(
+                r_matrix=r_matrix, cov_p=cov_p)))
+        else:
+            _sd = np.sqrt(self.cov_params(r_matrix=r_matrix, cov_p=cov_p))
+        _t = (_effect - q_matrix) * recipr(_sd)
+
+        df_resid = getattr(self, 'df_resid_inference', self.df_resid)
+
+        if use_t:
+            return ContrastResults(effect=_effect, t=_t, sd=_sd,
+                                   df_denom=df_resid)
+        else:
+            return ContrastResults(effect=_effect, statistic=_t, sd=_sd,
+                                   df_denom=df_resid,
+                                   distribution='norm')
+
+    def f_test(self, r_matrix, cov_p=None, scale=1.0, invcov=None):
+        """
+        Compute the F-test for a joint linear hypothesis.
+        This is a special case of `wald_test` that always uses the F
+        distribution.
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        r_matrix : array-like, str, or tuple
+            - array : An r x k array where r is the number of restrictions to
+              test and k is the number of regressors. It is assumed
+              that the linear combination is equal to zero.
+            - str : The full hypotheses to test can be given as a string.
+              See the examples.
+            - tuple : A tuple of arrays in the form (R, q), ``q`` can be
+              either a scalar or a length k row vector.
+        cov_p : array-like, optional
+            An alternative estimate for the parameter covariance matrix.
+            If None is given, self.normalized_cov_params is used.
+        scale : float, optional
+            Default is 1.0 for no scaling.
+        invcov : array-like, optional
+            A q x q array to specify an inverse covariance matrix based on a
+            restrictions matrix.
+        Returns
+        -------
+        res : ContrastResults instance
+            The results for the test are attributes of this results instance.
+        Examples
+        --------
+        >>> import numpy as np
+        >>> import statsmodels.api as sm
+        >>> data = sm.datasets.longley.load()
+        >>> data.exog = sm.add_constant(data.exog)
+        >>> results = sm.OLS(data.endog, data.exog).fit()
+        >>> A = np.identity(len(results.params))
+        >>> A = A[1:,:]
+        This tests that each coefficient is jointly statistically
+        significantly different from zero.
+        >>> print(results.f_test(A))
+        <F contrast: F=330.28533923463488, p=4.98403052872e-10,
+         df_denom=9, df_num=6>
+        Compare this to
+        >>> results.fvalue
+        330.2853392346658
+        >>> results.f_pvalue
+        4.98403096572e-10
+        >>> B = np.array(([0,0,1,-1,0,0,0],[0,0,0,0,0,1,-1]))
+        This tests that the coefficient on the 2nd and 3rd regressors are
+        equal and jointly that the coefficient on the 5th and 6th regressors
+        are equal.
+        >>> print(results.f_test(B))
+        <F contrast: F=9.740461873303655, p=0.00560528853174, df_denom=9,
+         df_num=2>
+        Alternatively, you can specify the hypothesis tests using a string
+        >>> from statsmodels.datasets import longley
+        >>> from statsmodels.formula.api import ols
+        >>> dta = longley.load_pandas().data
+        >>> formula = 'TOTEMP ~ GNPDEFL + GNP + UNEMP + ARMED + POP + YEAR'
+        >>> results = ols(formula, dta).fit()
+        >>> hypotheses = '(GNPDEFL = GNP), (UNEMP = 2), (YEAR/1829 = 1)'
+        >>> f_test = results.f_test(hypotheses)
+        >>> print(f_test)
+        See Also
+        --------
+        statsmodels.stats.contrast.ContrastResults
+        wald_test
+        t_test
+        patsy.DesignInfo.linear_constraint
+        Notes
+        -----
+        The matrix `r_matrix` is assumed to be non-singular. More precisely,
+        r_matrix (pX pX.T) r_matrix.T
+        is assumed invertible. Here, pX is the generalized inverse of the
+        design matrix of the model. There can be problems in non-OLS models
+        where the rank of the covariance of the noise is not full.
+        """
+        res = self.wald_test(r_matrix, cov_p=cov_p, scale=scale,
+                             invcov=invcov, use_f=True)
+        return res
+
+    #TODO: untested for GLMs?
+    def wald_test(self, r_matrix, cov_p=None, scale=1.0, invcov=None,
+                  use_f=None):
+        """
+        Compute a Wald-test for a joint linear hypothesis.
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        r_matrix : array-like, str, or tuple
+            - array : An r x k array where r is the number of restrictions to
+              test and k is the number of regressors. It is assumed that the
+              linear combination is equal to zero.
+            - str : The full hypotheses to test can be given as a string.
+              See the examples.
+            - tuple : A tuple of arrays in the form (R, q), ``q`` can be
+              either a scalar or a length p row vector.
+        cov_p : array-like, optional
+            An alternative estimate for the parameter covariance matrix.
+            If None is given, self.normalized_cov_params is used.
+        scale : float, optional
+            Default is 1.0 for no scaling.
+        invcov : array-like, optional
+            A q x q array to specify an inverse covariance matrix based on a
+            restrictions matrix.
+        use_f : bool
+            If True, then the F-distribution is used. If False, then the
+            asymptotic distribution, chisquare is used. If use_f is None, then
+            the F distribution is used if the model specifies that use_t is True.
+            The test statistic is proportionally adjusted for the distribution
+            by the number of constraints in the hypothesis.
+        Returns
+        -------
+        res : ContrastResults instance
+            The results for the test are attributes of this results instance.
+        See also
+        --------
+        statsmodels.stats.contrast.ContrastResults
+        f_test
+        t_test
+        patsy.DesignInfo.linear_constraint
+        Notes
+        -----
+        The matrix `r_matrix` is assumed to be non-singular. More precisely,
+        r_matrix (pX pX.T) r_matrix.T
+        is assumed invertible. Here, pX is the generalized inverse of the
+        design matrix of the model. There can be problems in non-OLS models
+        where the rank of the covariance of the noise is not full.
+        """
+        if use_f is None:
+            #switch to use_t false if undefined
+            use_f = (hasattr(self, 'use_t') and self.use_t)
+
+        from patsy import DesignInfo
+        names = self.model.data.param_names
+        LC = DesignInfo(names).linear_constraint(r_matrix)
+        r_matrix, q_matrix = LC.coefs, LC.constants
+
+        if (self.normalized_cov_params is None and cov_p is None and
+                invcov is None and not hasattr(self, 'cov_params_default')):
+            raise ValueError('need covariance of parameters for computing '
+                             'F statistics')
+
+        cparams = np.dot(r_matrix, self.params[:, None])
+        J = float(r_matrix.shape[0])  # number of restrictions
+        if q_matrix is None:
+            q_matrix = np.zeros(J)
+        else:
+            q_matrix = np.asarray(q_matrix)
+        if q_matrix.ndim == 1:
+            q_matrix = q_matrix[:, None]
+            if q_matrix.shape[0] != J:
+                raise ValueError("r_matrix and q_matrix must have the same "
+                                 "number of rows")
+        Rbq = cparams - q_matrix
+        if invcov is None:
+            cov_p = self.cov_params(r_matrix=r_matrix, cov_p=cov_p)
+            if np.isnan(cov_p).max():
+                raise ValueError("r_matrix performs f_test for using "
+                                 "dimensions that are asymptotically "
+                                 "non-normal")
+            invcov = np.linalg.inv(cov_p)
+
+        if (hasattr(self, 'mle_settings') and
+                self.mle_settings['optimizer'] in ['l1', 'l1_cvxopt_cp']):
+            F = nan_dot(nan_dot(Rbq.T, invcov), Rbq)
+        else:
+            F = np.dot(np.dot(Rbq.T, invcov), Rbq)
+
+        df_resid = getattr(self, 'df_resid_inference', self.df_resid)
+        if use_f:
+            F /= J
+            return ContrastResults(F=F, df_denom=df_resid,
+                                   df_num=invcov.shape[0])
+        else:
+            return ContrastResults(chi2=F, df_denom=J, statistic=F,
+                                   distribution='chi2', distargs=(J,))
+
+
+    def wald_test_terms(self, skip_single=False, extra_constraints=None,
+                   combine_terms=None):
+        """
+        Compute a sequence of Wald tests for terms over multiple columns
+        This computes joined Wald tests for the hypothesis that all
+        coefficients corresponding to a `term` are zero.
+        `Terms` are defined by the underlying formula or by string matching.
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        skip_single : boolean
+            If true, then terms that consist only of a single column and,
+            therefore, refers only to a single parameter is skipped.
+            If false, then all terms are included.
+        extra_constraints : ndarray
+            not tested yet
+        combine_terms : None or list of strings
+            Each string in this list is matched to the name of the terms or
+            the name of the exogenous variables. All columns whose name
+            includes that string are combined in one joint test.
+        Returns
+        -------
+        test_result : result instance
+            The result instance contains `table` which is a pandas DataFrame
+            with the test results: test statistic, degrees of freedom and
+            pvalues.
+        Examples
+        --------
+        >>> res_ols = ols("np.log(Days+1) ~ C(Duration, Sum)*C(Weight, Sum)",
+                          data).fit()
+        >>> res_ols.wald_test_terms()
+        <class 'statsmodels.stats.contrast.WaldTestResults'>
+                                                  F                P>F  df constraint  df denom
+        Intercept                        279.754525  2.37985521351e-22              1        51
+        C(Duration, Sum)                   5.367071    0.0245738436636              1        51
+        C(Weight, Sum)                    12.432445  3.99943118767e-05              2        51
+        C(Duration, Sum):C(Weight, Sum)    0.176002      0.83912310946              2        51
+        >>> res_poi = Poisson.from_formula("Days ~ C(Weight) * C(Duration)",
+                                           data).fit(cov_type='HC0')
+        >>> wt = res_poi.wald_test_terms(skip_single=False,
+                                         combine_terms=['Duration', 'Weight'])
+        >>> print(wt)
+                                    chi2             P>chi2  df constraint
+        Intercept              15.695625  7.43960374424e-05              1
+        C(Weight)              16.132616  0.000313940174705              2
+        C(Duration)             1.009147     0.315107378931              1
+        C(Weight):C(Duration)   0.216694     0.897315972824              2
+        Duration               11.187849     0.010752286833              3
+        Weight                 30.263368  4.32586407145e-06              4
+        """
+        # lazy import
+        from collections import defaultdict
+
+        result = self
+        if extra_constraints is None:
+            extra_constraints = []
+        if combine_terms is None:
+            combine_terms = []
+        design_info = getattr(result.model.data.orig_exog, 'design_info', None)
+
+        if design_info is None and extra_constraints is None:
+            raise ValueError('no constraints, nothing to do')
+
+
+        identity = np.eye(len(result.params))
+        constraints = []
+        combined = defaultdict(list)
+        if design_info is not None:
+            for term in design_info.terms:
+                cols = design_info.slice(term)
+                name = term.name()
+                constraint_matrix = identity[cols]
+
+                # check if in combined
+                for cname in combine_terms:
+                    if cname in name:
+                        combined[cname].append(constraint_matrix)
+
+                k_constraint = constraint_matrix.shape[0]
+                if skip_single:
+                    if k_constraint == 1:
+                        continue
+
+                constraints.append((name, constraint_matrix))
+
+            combined_constraints = []
+            for cname in combine_terms:
+                combined_constraints.append((cname, np.vstack(combined[cname])))
+        else:
+            # check by exog/params names if there is no formula info
+            for col, name in enumerate(result.model.exog_names):
+                constraint_matrix = identity[col]
+
+                # check if in combined
+                for cname in combine_terms:
+                    if cname in name:
+                        combined[cname].append(constraint_matrix)
+
+                if skip_single:
+                    continue
+
+                constraints.append((name, constraint_matrix))
+
+            combined_constraints = []
+            for cname in combine_terms:
+                combined_constraints.append((cname, np.vstack(combined[cname])))
+
+        use_t = result.use_t
+        distribution = ['chi2', 'F'][use_t]
+
+        res_wald = []
+        index = []
+        for name, constraint in constraints + combined_constraints + extra_constraints:
+            wt = result.wald_test(constraint)
+            row = [wt.statistic.item(), wt.pvalue, constraint.shape[0]]
+            if use_t:
+                row.append(wt.df_denom)
+            res_wald.append(row)
+            index.append(name)
+
+        # distribution nerutral names
+        col_names = ['statistic', 'pvalue', 'df_constraint']
+        if use_t:
+            col_names.append('df_denom')
+        # TODO: maybe move DataFrame creation to results class
+        from pandas import DataFrame
+        table = DataFrame(res_wald, index=index, columns=col_names)
+        res = WaldTestResults(None, distribution, None, table=table)
+        # TODO: remove temp again, added for testing
+        res.temp = constraints + combined_constraints + extra_constraints
+        return res
+
+
+    def conf_int(self, alpha=.05, cols=None, method='default'):
+        """
+        Returns the confidence interval of the fitted parameters.
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        alpha : float, optional
+            The significance level for the confidence interval.
+            ie., The default `alpha` = .05 returns a 95% confidence interval.
+        cols : array-like, optional
+            `cols` specifies which confidence intervals to return
+        method : string
+            Not Implemented Yet
+            Method to estimate the confidence_interval.
+            "Default" : uses self.bse which is based on inverse Hessian for MLE
+            "hjjh" :
+            "jac" :
+            "boot-bse"
+            "boot_quant"
+            "profile"
+        Returns
+        --------
+        conf_int : array
+            Each row contains [lower, upper] limits of the confidence interval
+            for the corresponding parameter. The first column contains all
+            lower, the second column contains all upper limits.
+        Examples
+        --------
+        >>> import statsmodels.api as sm
+        >>> data = sm.datasets.longley.load()
+        >>> data.exog = sm.add_constant(data.exog)
+        >>> results = sm.OLS(data.endog, data.exog).fit()
+        >>> results.conf_int()
+        array([[-5496529.48322745, -1467987.78596704],
+               [    -177.02903529,      207.15277984],
+               [      -0.1115811 ,        0.03994274],
+               [      -3.12506664,       -0.91539297],
+               [      -1.5179487 ,       -0.54850503],
+               [      -0.56251721,        0.460309  ],
+               [     798.7875153 ,     2859.51541392]])
+        >>> results.conf_int(cols=(2,3))
+        array([[-0.1115811 ,  0.03994274],
+               [-3.12506664, -0.91539297]])
+        Notes
+        -----
+        The confidence interval is based on the standard normal distribution.
+        Models wish to use a different distribution should overwrite this
+        method.
+        """
+        bse = self.bse
+
+        if self.use_t:
+            dist = stats.t
+            df_resid = getattr(self, 'df_resid_inference', self.df_resid)
+            q = dist.ppf(1 - alpha / 2, df_resid)
+        else:
+            dist = stats.norm
+            q = dist.ppf(1 - alpha / 2)
+
+        if cols is None:
+            lower = self.params - q * bse
+            upper = self.params + q * bse
+        else:
+            cols = np.asarray(cols)
+            lower = self.params[cols] - q * bse[cols]
+            upper = self.params[cols] + q * bse[cols]
+        return np.asarray(lzip(lower, upper))
+
+    def save(self, fname, remove_data=False):
+        '''
+        save a pickle of this instance
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        fname : string or filehandle
+            fname can be a string to a file path or filename, or a filehandle.
+        remove_data : bool
+            If False (default), then the instance is pickled without changes.
+            If True, then all arrays with length nobs are set to None before
+            pickling. See the remove_data method.
+            In some cases not all arrays will be set to None.
+        Notes
+        -----
+        If remove_data is true and the model result does not implement a
+        remove_data method then this will raise an exception.
+        '''
+
+        from statsmodels.iolib.smpickle import save_pickle
+
+        if remove_data:
+            self.remove_data()
+
+        save_pickle(self, fname)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def load(cls, fname):
+        '''
+        load a pickle, (class method)
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        fname : string or filehandle
+            fname can be a string to a file path or filename, or a filehandle.
+        Returns
+        -------
+        unpickled instance
+        '''
+
+        from statsmodels.iolib.smpickle import load_pickle
+        return load_pickle(fname)
+
+    def remove_data(self):
+        '''remove data arrays, all nobs arrays from result and model
+        This reduces the size of the instance, so it can be pickled with less
+        memory. Currently tested for use with predict from an unpickled
+        results and model instance.
+        .. warning:: Since data and some intermediate results have been removed
+           calculating new statistics that require them will raise exceptions.
+           The exception will occur the first time an attribute is accessed
+           that has been set to None.
+        Not fully tested for time series models, tsa, and might delete too much
+        for prediction or not all that would be possible.
+        The list of arrays to delete is maintained as an attribute of the
+        result and model instance, except for cached values. These lists could
+        be changed before calling remove_data.
+        '''
+        def wipe(obj, att):
+            #get to last element in attribute path
+            p = att.split('.')
+            att_ = p.pop(-1)
+            try:
+                obj_ = reduce(getattr, [obj] + p)
+
+                #print(repr(obj), repr(att))
+                #print(hasattr(obj_, att_))
+                if hasattr(obj_, att_):
+                    #print('removing3', att_)
+                    setattr(obj_, att_, None)
+            except AttributeError:
+                pass
+
+        model_attr = ['model.' + i for i in self.model._data_attr]
+        for att in self._data_attr + model_attr:
+            #print('removing', att)
+            wipe(self, att)
+
+        data_in_cache = getattr(self, 'data_in_cache', [])
+        data_in_cache += ['fittedvalues', 'resid', 'wresid']
+        for key in data_in_cache:
+            try:
+                self._cache[key] = None
+            except (AttributeError, KeyError):
+                pass
+
+def lzip(*args, **kwargs):
+    return list(zip(*args, **kwargs))

release/python/0.8.0/crankshaft/crankshaft/regression/glm/glm.py

@@ -0,0 +1,326 @@
+
+import numpy as np
+import numpy.linalg as la
+from pysal.spreg.utils import RegressionPropsY, spdot
+import pysal.spreg.user_output as USER
+from utils import cache_readonly
+from base import LikelihoodModelResults
+import family
+from iwls import iwls
+
+__all__ = ['GLM']
+
+class GLM(RegressionPropsY):
+    """
+    Generalised linear models. Can currently estimate Guassian, Poisson and
+    Logisitc regression coefficients. GLM object prepares model input and fit
+    method performs estimation which then returns a GLMResults object.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+        y             : array
+                        n*1, dependent variable.
+        X             : array
+                        n*k, independent variable, exlcuding the constant.
+        family        : string
+                        Model type: 'Gaussian', 'Poisson', 'Binomial'
+
+    Attributes
+    ----------
+        y             : array
+                        n*1, dependent variable.
+        X             : array
+                        n*k, independent variable, including constant.
+        family        : string
+                        Model type: 'Gaussian', 'Poisson', 'logistic'
+        n             : integer
+                        Number of observations
+        k             : integer
+                        Number of independent variables
+        df_model      : float
+                        k-1, where k is the number of variables (including
+                        intercept)
+        df_residual   : float
+                        observations minus variables (n-k)
+        mean_y        : float
+                        Mean of y
+        std_y         : float
+                        Standard deviation of y
+        fit_params     : dict
+                        Parameters passed into fit method to define estimation
+                        routine.
+        normalized_cov_params   : array
+                                k*k, approximates [X.T*X]-1
+    """
+    def __init__(self, y, X, family=family.Gaussian(), constant=True):
+        """
+        Initialize class
+        """
+        self.n = USER.check_arrays(y, X)
+        USER.check_y(y, self.n)
+        self.y = y
+        if constant:
+            self.X = USER.check_constant(X)
+        else:
+            self.X = X
+        self.family = family
+        self.k = self.X.shape[1]
+        self.fit_params = {}
+
+    def fit(self, ini_betas=None, tol=1.0e-6, max_iter=200, solve='iwls'):
+        """
+        Method that fits a model with a particular estimation routine.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+
+        ini_betas     : array
+                        k*1, initial coefficient values, including constant.
+                        Default is None, which calculates initial values during
+                        estimation.
+        tol:            float
+                        Tolerence for estimation convergence.
+        max_iter       : integer
+                        Maximum number of iterations if convergence not
+                        achieved.
+        solve         :string
+                       Technique to solve MLE equations.
+                       'iwls' = iteratively (re)weighted least squares (default)
+        """
+        self.fit_params['ini_betas'] = ini_betas
+        self.fit_params['tol'] = tol
+        self.fit_params['max_iter'] = max_iter
+        self.fit_params['solve']=solve
+        if solve.lower() == 'iwls':
+            params, predy, w, n_iter = iwls(self.y, self.X, self.family,
+                    ini_betas=ini_betas, tol=tol, max_iter=max_iter)
+            self.fit_params['n_iter'] = n_iter
+        return GLMResults(self, params.flatten(), predy, w)
+
+    @cache_readonly
+    def df_model(self):
+        return self.X.shape[1] - 1
+
+    @cache_readonly
+    def df_resid(self):
+        return self.n - self.df_model - 1
+
+class GLMResults(LikelihoodModelResults):
+    """
+    Results of estimated GLM and diagnostics.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+        model         : GLM object
+                        Pointer to GLM object with estimation parameters.
+        params         : array
+                        k*1, estimared coefficients
+        mu         : array
+                        n*1, predicted y values.
+        w             : array
+                        n*1, final weight used for iwls
+
+    Attributes
+    ----------
+        model         : GLM Object
+                        Points to GLM object for which parameters have been
+                        estimated.
+        y             : array
+                        n*1, dependent variable.
+        x             : array
+                        n*k, independent variable, including constant.
+        family        : string
+                        Model type: 'Gaussian', 'Poisson', 'Logistic'
+        n             : integer
+                        Number of observations
+        k             : integer
+                        Number of independent variables
+        df_model      : float
+                        k-1, where k is the number of variables (including
+                        intercept)
+        df_residual   : float
+                        observations minus variables (n-k)
+        fit_params    : dict
+                        parameters passed into fit method to define estimation
+                        routine.
+        scale         : float
+                        sigma squared used for subsequent computations.
+        params         : array
+                        n*k, estimared beta coefficients
+        w             : array
+                        n*1, final weight values of x
+        mu            : array
+                        n*1, predicted value of y (i.e., fittedvalues)
+        cov_params    : array
+                        Variance covariance matrix (kxk) of betas which has been
+                        appropriately scaled by sigma-squared
+        bse           : array
+                        k*1, standard errors of betas
+        pvalues       : array
+                        k*1, two-tailed pvalues of parameters
+        tvalues       : array
+                        k*1, the tvalues of the standard errors
+        null          : array
+                        n*1, predicted values of y for null model
+        deviance      : float
+                        value of the deviance function evalued at params;
+                        see family.py for distribution-specific deviance
+        null_deviance : float
+                        value of the deviance function for the model fit with
+                        a constant as the only regressor
+        llf           : float
+                        value of the loglikelihood function evalued at params;
+                        see family.py for distribution-specific loglikelihoods
+        llnull       : float
+                        value of log-likelihood function evaluated at null
+        aic           : float 
+                        AIC
+        bic           : float 
+                        BIC
+        D2            : float
+                        percent deviance explained
+        adj_D2        : float
+                        adjusted percent deviance explained
+        pseudo_R2       : float
+                        McFadden's pseudo R2  (coefficient of determination) 
+        adj_pseudoR2    : float
+                        adjusted McFadden's pseudo R2
+        resid_response          : array
+                                  response residuals; defined as y-mu
+        resid_pearson           : array
+                                  Pearson residuals; defined as (y-mu)/sqrt(VAR(mu))
+                                  where VAR is the distribution specific variance
+                                  function; see family.py and varfuncs.py for more information.
+        resid_working           : array
+                                  Working residuals; the working residuals are defined as
+                                  resid_response/link'(mu); see links.py for the
+                                  derivatives of the link functions.
+
+        resid_anscombe          : array
+                                 Anscombe residuals; see family.py for 
+                                 distribution-specific Anscombe residuals.
+        
+        resid_deviance          : array
+                                 deviance residuals; see family.py for 
+                                 distribution-specific deviance residuals.
+
+        pearson_chi2            : float
+                                  chi-Squared statistic is defined as the sum 
+                                  of the squares of the Pearson residuals
+
+        normalized_cov_params   : array
+                                k*k, approximates [X.T*X]-1
+    """
+    def __init__(self, model, params, mu, w):
+        self.model = model
+        self.n = model.n
+        self.y = model.y.T.flatten()
+        self.X = model.X
+        self.k = model.k
+        self.family = model.family
+        self.fit_params = model.fit_params
+        self.params = params
+        self.w = w
+        self.mu = mu.flatten()
+        self._cache = {}
+    
+    @cache_readonly
+    def df_model(self):
+        return self.model.df_model
+
+    @cache_readonly
+    def df_resid(self):
+        return self.model.df_resid
+
+    @cache_readonly
+    def normalized_cov_params(self):
+        return la.inv(spdot(self.w.T, self.w))
+
+    @cache_readonly
+    def resid_response(self):
+        return (self.y-self.mu)
+
+    @cache_readonly
+    def resid_pearson(self):
+        return  ((self.y-self.mu) /
+                np.sqrt(self.family.variance(self.mu)))
+
+    @cache_readonly
+    def resid_working(self):
+        return (self.resid_response / self.family.link.deriv(self.mu))
+
+    @cache_readonly
+    def resid_anscombe(self):
+        return (self.family.resid_anscombe(self.y, self.mu))
+
+    @cache_readonly
+    def resid_deviance(self):
+        return (self.family.resid_dev(self.y, self.mu))
+
+    @cache_readonly
+    def pearson_chi2(self):
+        chisq = (self.y - self.mu)**2 / self.family.variance(self.mu)
+        chisqsum = np.sum(chisq)
+        return chisqsum
+
+    @cache_readonly
+    def null(self):
+        y = np.reshape(self.y, (-1,1))
+        model = self.model
+        X = np.ones((len(y), 1))
+        null_mod =  GLM(y, X, family=self.family, constant=False)
+        return null_mod.fit().mu
+   
+    @cache_readonly
+    def scale(self):
+        if isinstance(self.family, (family.Binomial, family.Poisson)):
+            return 1.
+        else:
+            return (((np.power(self.resid_response, 2) /
+                         self.family.variance(self.mu))).sum() /
+                        (self.df_resid))
+    @cache_readonly
+    def deviance(self):
+        return self.family.deviance(self.y, self.mu)
+
+    @cache_readonly
+    def null_deviance(self):
+        return self.family.deviance(self.y, self.null)
+   
+    @cache_readonly
+    def llnull(self):
+        return self.family.loglike(self.y, self.null, scale=self.scale)
+
+    @cache_readonly
+    def llf(self):
+        return self.family.loglike(self.y, self.mu, scale=self.scale)
+    
+    @cache_readonly
+    def aic(self):
+        if isinstance(self.family, family.QuasiPoisson):
+        	return np.nan
+        else:
+            return -2 * self.llf + 2*(self.df_model+1)
+
+    @cache_readonly
+    def bic(self):
+        return (self.deviance -
+                (self.model.n - self.df_model - 1) *
+                np.log(self.model.n))
+    
+    @cache_readonly
+    def D2(self):
+        return 1 - (self.deviance / self.null_deviance)
+
+    @cache_readonly
+    def adj_D2(self):
+        return 1.0 - (float(self.n) - 1.0)/(float(self.n) - float(self.k)) * (1.0-self.D2)
+    
+    @cache_readonly
+    def pseudoR2(self):
+        return 1 - (self.llf/self.llnull)
+    
+    @cache_readonly
+    def adj_pseudoR2(self):
+        return 1 - ((self.llf-self.k)/self.llnull)
+    

release/python/0.8.0/crankshaft/crankshaft/regression/glm/iwls.py

@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+import numpy as np
+import numpy.linalg as la
+from scipy import sparse as sp
+from scipy.sparse import linalg as spla
+from pysal.spreg.utils import spdot, spmultiply
+from family import Binomial, Poisson
+
+def _compute_betas(y, x):
+    """
+    compute MLE coefficients using iwls routine
+
+    Methods: p189, Iteratively (Re)weighted Least Squares (IWLS),
+    Fotheringham, A. S., Brunsdon, C., & Charlton, M. (2002).
+    Geographically weighted regression: the analysis of spatially varying relationships.
+    """
+    xT = x.T
+    xtx = spdot(xT, x)
+    xtx_inv = la.inv(xtx)
+    xtx_inv = sp.csr_matrix(xtx_inv)
+    xTy = spdot(xT, y, array_out=False)
+    betas = spdot(xtx_inv, xTy)
+    return betas
+
+def _compute_betas_gwr(y, x, wi):
+    """
+    compute MLE coefficients using iwls routine
+
+    Methods: p189, Iteratively (Re)weighted Least Squares (IWLS),
+    Fotheringham, A. S., Brunsdon, C., & Charlton, M. (2002).
+    Geographically weighted regression: the analysis of spatially varying relationships.
+    """
+    xT = (x * wi).T
+    xtx = np.dot(xT, x)
+    xtx_inv = la.inv(xtx)
+    xtx_inv_xt = np.dot(xtx_inv, xT)
+    betas = np.dot(xtx_inv_xt, y)
+    return betas, xtx_inv_xt
+
+def iwls(y, x, family, offset=1.0, ini_betas=None, tol=1.0e-8, max_iter=200, wi=None):
+    """
+    Iteratively re-weighted least squares estimation routine
+    """
+    n_iter = 0
+    diff = 1.0e6
+    if ini_betas is None:
+        betas = np.zeros((x.shape[1], 1), np.float)
+    else:
+        betas = ini_betas
+    if isinstance(family, Binomial):
+        y = family.link._clean(y)
+    if isinstance(family, Poisson):
+    	y_off = y/offset
+        y_off = family.starting_mu(y_off)
+        v = family.predict(y_off)
+        mu = family.starting_mu(y)
+    else:
+        mu = family.starting_mu(y)
+        v = family.predict(mu)
+    
+    while diff > tol and n_iter < max_iter:
+    	n_iter += 1
+        w = family.weights(mu)
+        z = v + (family.link.deriv(mu)*(y-mu))
+        w = np.sqrt(w)
+        if type(x) != np.ndarray:
+        	w = sp.csr_matrix(w)
+        	z = sp.csr_matrix(z)
+        wx = spmultiply(x, w, array_out=False)
+        wz = spmultiply(z, w, array_out=False)
+        if wi is None:
+            n_betas = _compute_betas(wz, wx)
+        else:
+            n_betas, xtx_inv_xt = _compute_betas_gwr(wz, wx, wi)
+        v = spdot(x, n_betas)
+        mu  = family.fitted(v)
+        if isinstance(family, Poisson):
+            mu = mu * offset
+        diff = min(abs(n_betas-betas))
+        betas = n_betas
+        
+    if wi is None:
+        return betas, mu, wx, n_iter
+    else:
+        return betas, mu, v, w, z, xtx_inv_xt, n_iter

release/python/0.8.0/crankshaft/crankshaft/regression/glm/links.py

@@ -0,0 +1,953 @@
+'''
+Defines the link functions to be used with GLM and GEE families.
+'''
+
+import numpy as np
+import scipy.stats
+FLOAT_EPS = np.finfo(float).eps
+
+
+class Link(object):
+    """
+    A generic link function for one-parameter exponential family.
+
+    `Link` does nothing, but lays out the methods expected of any subclass.
+    """
+
+    def __call__(self, p):
+        """
+        Return the value of the link function.  This is just a placeholder.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        p : array-like
+            Probabilities
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        g(p) : array-like
+            The value of the link function g(p) = z
+        """
+        return NotImplementedError
+
+    def inverse(self, z):
+        """
+        Inverse of the link function.  Just a placeholder.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        z : array-like
+            `z` is usually the linear predictor of the transformed variable
+            in the IRLS algorithm for GLM.
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        g^(-1)(z) : array
+            The value of the inverse of the link function g^(-1)(z) = p
+
+
+        """
+        return NotImplementedError
+
+    def deriv(self, p):
+        """
+        Derivative of the link function g'(p).  Just a placeholder.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        p : array-like
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        g'(p) : array
+            The value of the derivative of the link function g'(p)
+        """
+        return NotImplementedError
+
+    def deriv2(self, p):
+        """Second derivative of the link function g''(p)
+
+        implemented through numerical differentiation
+        """
+        from statsmodels.tools.numdiff import approx_fprime_cs
+        # TODO: workaround proplem with numdiff for 1d
+        return np.diag(approx_fprime_cs(p, self.deriv))
+
+    def inverse_deriv(self, z):
+        """
+        Derivative of the inverse link function g^(-1)(z).
+
+        Notes
+        -----
+        This reference implementation gives the correct result but is
+        inefficient, so it can be overriden in subclasses.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        z : array-like
+            `z` is usually the linear predictor for a GLM or GEE model.
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        g'^(-1)(z) : array
+            The value of the derivative of the inverse of the link function
+
+        """
+        return 1 / self.deriv(self.inverse(z))
+
+
+class Logit(Link):
+    """
+    The logit transform
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    call and derivative use a private method _clean to make trim p by
+    machine epsilon so that p is in (0,1)
+
+    Alias of Logit:
+    logit = Logit()
+    """
+
+    def _clean(self, p):
+        """
+        Clip logistic values to range (eps, 1-eps)
+
+        Parameters
+        -----------
+        p : array-like
+            Probabilities
+
+        Returns
+        --------
+        pclip : array
+            Clipped probabilities
+        """
+        return np.clip(p, FLOAT_EPS, 1. - FLOAT_EPS)
+
+    def __call__(self, p):
+        """
+        The logit transform
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        p : array-like
+            Probabilities
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        z : array
+            Logit transform of `p`
+
+        Notes
+        -----
+        g(p) = log(p / (1 - p))
+        """
+        p = self._clean(p)
+        return np.log(p / (1. - p))
+
+    def inverse(self, z):
+        """
+        Inverse of the logit transform
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        z : array-like
+            The value of the logit transform at `p`
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        p : array
+            Probabilities
+
+        Notes
+        -----
+        g^(-1)(z) = exp(z)/(1+exp(z))
+        """
+        z = np.asarray(z)
+        t = np.exp(-z)
+        return 1. / (1. + t)
+
+    def deriv(self, p):
+
+        """
+        Derivative of the logit transform
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        p: array-like
+            Probabilities
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        g'(p) : array
+            Value of the derivative of logit transform at `p`
+
+        Notes
+        -----
+        g'(p) = 1 / (p * (1 - p))
+
+        Alias for `Logit`:
+        logit = Logit()
+        """
+        p = self._clean(p)
+        return 1. / (p * (1 - p))
+
+    def inverse_deriv(self, z):
+        """
+        Derivative of the inverse of the logit transform
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        z : array-like
+            `z` is usually the linear predictor for a GLM or GEE model.
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        g'^(-1)(z) : array
+            The value of the derivative of the inverse of the logit function
+
+        """
+        t = np.exp(z)
+        return t/(1 + t)**2
+
+
+    def deriv2(self, p):
+        """
+        Second derivative of the logit function.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        p : array-like
+            probabilities
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        g''(z) : array
+            The value of the second derivative of the logit function
+        """
+        v = p * (1 - p)
+        return (2*p - 1) / v**2
+
+class logit(Logit):
+    pass
+
+
+class Power(Link):
+    """
+    The power transform
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    power : float
+        The exponent of the power transform
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    Aliases of Power:
+    inverse = Power(power=-1)
+    sqrt = Power(power=.5)
+    inverse_squared = Power(power=-2.)
+    identity = Power(power=1.)
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, power=1.):
+        self.power = power
+
+    def __call__(self, p):
+        """
+        Power transform link function
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        p : array-like
+            Mean parameters
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        z : array-like
+            Power transform of x
+
+        Notes
+        -----
+        g(p) = x**self.power
+        """
+
+        z = np.power(p, self.power)
+        return z
+
+    def inverse(self, z):
+        """
+        Inverse of the power transform link function
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        `z` : array-like
+            Value of the transformed mean parameters at `p`
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        `p` : array
+            Mean parameters
+
+        Notes
+        -----
+        g^(-1)(z`) = `z`**(1/`power`)
+        """
+
+        p = np.power(z, 1. / self.power)
+        return p
+
+    def deriv(self, p):
+        """
+        Derivative of the power transform
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        p : array-like
+            Mean parameters
+
+        Returns
+        --------
+        g'(p) : array
+            Derivative of power transform of `p`
+
+        Notes
+        -----
+        g'(`p`) = `power` * `p`**(`power` - 1)
+        """
+        return self.power * np.power(p, self.power - 1)
+
+    def deriv2(self, p):
+        """
+        Second derivative of the power transform
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        p : array-like
+            Mean parameters
+
+        Returns
+        --------
+        g''(p) : array
+            Second derivative of the power transform of `p`
+
+        Notes
+        -----
+        g''(`p`) = `power` * (`power` - 1) * `p`**(`power` - 2)
+        """
+        return self.power * (self.power - 1) * np.power(p, self.power - 2)
+
+    def inverse_deriv(self, z):
+        """
+        Derivative of the inverse of the power transform
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        z : array-like
+            `z` is usually the linear predictor for a GLM or GEE model.
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        g^(-1)'(z) : array
+            The value of the derivative of the inverse of the power transform
+        function
+        """
+        return np.power(z, (1 - self.power)/self.power) / self.power
+
+
+class inverse_power(Power):
+    """
+    The inverse transform
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    g(p) = 1/p
+
+    Alias of statsmodels.family.links.Power(power=-1.)
+    """
+    def __init__(self):
+        super(inverse_power, self).__init__(power=-1.)
+
+
+class sqrt(Power):
+    """
+    The square-root transform
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    g(`p`) = sqrt(`p`)
+
+    Alias of statsmodels.family.links.Power(power=.5)
+    """
+    def __init__(self):
+        super(sqrt, self).__init__(power=.5)
+
+
+class inverse_squared(Power):
+    """
+    The inverse squared transform
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    g(`p`) = 1/(`p`\ \*\*2)
+
+    Alias of statsmodels.family.links.Power(power=2.)
+    """
+    def __init__(self):
+        super(inverse_squared, self).__init__(power=-2.)
+
+
+class identity(Power):
+    """
+    The identity transform
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    g(`p`) = `p`
+
+    Alias of statsmodels.family.links.Power(power=1.)
+    """
+    def __init__(self):
+        super(identity, self).__init__(power=1.)
+
+
+class Log(Link):
+    """
+    The log transform
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    call and derivative call a private method _clean to trim the data by
+    machine epsilon so that p is in (0,1). log is an alias of Log.
+    """
+
+    def _clean(self, x):
+        return np.clip(x, FLOAT_EPS, np.inf)
+
+    def __call__(self, p, **extra):
+        """
+        Log transform link function
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        x : array-like
+            Mean parameters
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        z : array
+            log(x)
+
+        Notes
+        -----
+        g(p) = log(p)
+        """
+        x = self._clean(p)
+        return np.log(x)
+
+    def inverse(self, z):
+        """
+        Inverse of log transform link function
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        z : array
+            The inverse of the link function at `p`
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        p : array
+            The mean probabilities given the value of the inverse `z`
+
+        Notes
+        -----
+        g^{-1}(z) = exp(z)
+        """
+        return np.exp(z)
+
+    def deriv(self, p):
+        """
+        Derivative of log transform link function
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        p : array-like
+            Mean parameters
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        g'(p) : array
+            derivative of log transform of x
+
+        Notes
+        -----
+        g'(x) = 1/x
+        """
+        p = self._clean(p)
+        return 1. / p
+
+    def deriv2(self, p):
+        """
+        Second derivative of the log transform link function
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        p : array-like
+            Mean parameters
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        g''(p) : array
+            Second derivative of log transform of x
+
+        Notes
+        -----
+        g''(x) = -1/x^2
+        """
+        p = self._clean(p)
+        return -1. / p**2
+
+    def inverse_deriv(self, z):
+        """
+        Derivative of the inverse of the log transform link function
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        z : array
+            The inverse of the link function at `p`
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        g^(-1)'(z) : array
+            The value of the derivative of the inverse of the log function,
+            the exponential function
+        """
+        return np.exp(z)
+
+
+class log(Log):
+    """
+    The log transform
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    log is a an alias of Log.
+    """
+    pass
+
+
+# TODO: the CDFLink is untested
+class CDFLink(Logit):
+    """
+    The use the CDF of a scipy.stats distribution
+
+    CDFLink is a subclass of logit in order to use its _clean method
+    for the link and its derivative.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    dbn : scipy.stats distribution
+        Default is dbn=scipy.stats.norm
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    The CDF link is untested.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, dbn=scipy.stats.norm):
+        self.dbn = dbn
+
+    def __call__(self, p):
+        """
+        CDF link function
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        p : array-like
+            Mean parameters
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        z : array
+            (ppf) inverse of CDF transform of p
+
+        Notes
+        -----
+        g(`p`) = `dbn`.ppf(`p`)
+        """
+        p = self._clean(p)
+        return self.dbn.ppf(p)
+
+    def inverse(self, z):
+        """
+        The inverse of the CDF link
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        z : array-like
+            The value of the inverse of the link function at `p`
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        p : array
+            Mean probabilities.  The value of the inverse of CDF link of `z`
+
+        Notes
+        -----
+        g^(-1)(`z`) = `dbn`.cdf(`z`)
+        """
+        return self.dbn.cdf(z)
+
+    def deriv(self, p):
+        """
+        Derivative of CDF link
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        p : array-like
+            mean parameters
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        g'(p) : array
+            The derivative of CDF transform at `p`
+
+        Notes
+        -----
+        g'(`p`) = 1./ `dbn`.pdf(`dbn`.ppf(`p`))
+        """
+        p = self._clean(p)
+        return 1. / self.dbn.pdf(self.dbn.ppf(p))
+
+    def deriv2(self, p):
+        """
+        Second derivative of the link function g''(p)
+
+        implemented through numerical differentiation
+        """
+        from statsmodels.tools.numdiff import approx_fprime
+        p = np.atleast_1d(p)
+        # Note: special function for norm.ppf does not support complex
+        return np.diag(approx_fprime(p, self.deriv, centered=True))
+
+    def inverse_deriv(self, z):
+        """
+        Derivative of the inverse of the CDF transformation link function
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        z : array
+            The inverse of the link function at `p`
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        g^(-1)'(z) : array
+            The value of the derivative of the inverse of the logit function
+        """
+        return 1/self.deriv(self.inverse(z))
+
+
+class probit(CDFLink):
+    """
+    The probit (standard normal CDF) transform
+
+    Notes
+    --------
+    g(p) = scipy.stats.norm.ppf(p)
+
+    probit is an alias of CDFLink.
+    """
+    pass
+
+
+class cauchy(CDFLink):
+    """
+    The Cauchy (standard Cauchy CDF) transform
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    g(p) = scipy.stats.cauchy.ppf(p)
+
+    cauchy is an alias of CDFLink with dbn=scipy.stats.cauchy
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        super(cauchy, self).__init__(dbn=scipy.stats.cauchy)
+
+    def deriv2(self, p):
+        """
+        Second derivative of the Cauchy link function.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        p: array-like
+            Probabilities
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        g''(p) : array
+            Value of the second derivative of Cauchy link function at `p`
+        """
+        a = np.pi * (p - 0.5)
+        d2 = 2 * np.pi**2 * np.sin(a) / np.cos(a)**3
+        return d2
+
+class CLogLog(Logit):
+    """
+    The complementary log-log transform
+
+    CLogLog inherits from Logit in order to have access to its _clean method
+    for the link and its derivative.
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    CLogLog is untested.
+    """
+    def __call__(self, p):
+        """
+        C-Log-Log transform link function
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        p : array
+            Mean parameters
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        z : array
+            The CLogLog transform of `p`
+
+        Notes
+        -----
+        g(p) = log(-log(1-p))
+        """
+        p = self._clean(p)
+        return np.log(-np.log(1 - p))
+
+    def inverse(self, z):
+        """
+        Inverse of C-Log-Log transform link function
+
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        z : array-like
+            The value of the inverse of the CLogLog link function at `p`
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        p : array
+            Mean parameters
+
+        Notes
+        -----
+        g^(-1)(`z`) = 1-exp(-exp(`z`))
+        """
+        return 1 - np.exp(-np.exp(z))
+
+    def deriv(self, p):
+        """
+        Derivative of C-Log-Log transform link function
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        p : array-like
+            Mean parameters
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        g'(p) : array
+            The derivative of the CLogLog transform link function
+
+        Notes
+        -----
+        g'(p) = - 1 / ((p-1)*log(1-p))
+        """
+        p = self._clean(p)
+        return 1. / ((p - 1) * (np.log(1 - p)))
+
+    def deriv2(self, p):
+        """
+        Second derivative of the C-Log-Log ink function
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        p : array-like
+            Mean parameters
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        g''(p) : array
+            The second derivative of the CLogLog link function
+        """
+        p = self._clean(p)
+        fl = np.log(1 - p)
+        d2 = -1 / ((1 - p)**2 * fl)
+        d2 *= 1 + 1 / fl
+        return d2
+
+    def inverse_deriv(self, z):
+        """
+        Derivative of the inverse of the C-Log-Log transform link function
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        z : array-like
+            The value of the inverse of the CLogLog link function at `p`
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        g^(-1)'(z) : array
+            The derivative of the inverse of the CLogLog link function
+        """
+        return np.exp(z - np.exp(z))
+
+
+class cloglog(CLogLog):
+    """
+    The CLogLog transform link function.
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    g(`p`) = log(-log(1-`p`))
+
+    cloglog is an alias for CLogLog
+    cloglog = CLogLog()
+    """
+    pass
+
+
+class NegativeBinomial(object):
+    '''
+    The negative binomial link function
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    alpha : float, optional
+        Alpha is the ancillary parameter of the Negative Binomial link
+        function. It is assumed to be nonstochastic.  The default value is 1.
+        Permissible values are usually assumed to be in (.01, 2).
+    '''
+
+    def __init__(self, alpha=1.):
+        self.alpha = alpha
+
+    def _clean(self, x):
+        return np.clip(x, FLOAT_EPS, np.inf)
+
+    def __call__(self, p):
+        '''
+        Negative Binomial transform link function
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        p : array-like
+            Mean parameters
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        z : array
+            The negative binomial transform of `p`
+
+        Notes
+        -----
+        g(p) = log(p/(p + 1/alpha))
+        '''
+        p = self._clean(p)
+        return np.log(p/(p + 1/self.alpha))
+
+    def inverse(self, z):
+        '''
+        Inverse of the negative binomial transform
+
+        Parameters
+        -----------
+        z : array-like
+            The value of the inverse of the negative binomial link at `p`.
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        p : array
+            Mean parameters
+
+        Notes
+        -----
+        g^(-1)(z) = exp(z)/(alpha*(1-exp(z)))
+        '''
+        return -1/(self.alpha * (1 - np.exp(-z)))
+
+    def deriv(self, p):
+        '''
+        Derivative of the negative binomial transform
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        p : array-like
+            Mean parameters
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        g'(p) : array
+            The derivative of the negative binomial transform link function
+
+        Notes
+        -----
+        g'(x) = 1/(x+alpha*x^2)
+        '''
+        return 1/(p + self.alpha * p**2)
+
+    def deriv2(self,p):
+        '''
+        Second derivative of the negative binomial link function.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        p : array-like
+            Mean parameters
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        g''(p) : array
+            The second derivative of the negative binomial transform link
+            function
+
+        Notes
+        -----
+        g''(x) = -(1+2*alpha*x)/(x+alpha*x^2)^2
+        '''
+        numer = -(1 + 2 * self.alpha * p)
+        denom = (p + self.alpha * p**2)**2
+        return numer / denom
+
+    def inverse_deriv(self, z):
+        '''
+        Derivative of the inverse of the negative binomial transform
+
+        Parameters
+        -----------
+        z : array-like
+            Usually the linear predictor for a GLM or GEE model
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        g^(-1)'(z) : array
+            The value of the derivative of the inverse of the negative
+            binomial link
+        '''
+        t = np.exp(z)
+        return t / (self.alpha * (1-t)**2)
+
+
+class nbinom(NegativeBinomial):
+    """
+    The negative binomial link function.
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    g(p) = log(p/(p + 1/alpha))
+
+    nbinom is an alias of NegativeBinomial.
+    nbinom = NegativeBinomial(alpha=1.)
+    """
+    pass

release/python/0.8.0/crankshaft/crankshaft/regression/glm/tests/test_glm.py

@@ -0,0 +1,993 @@
+"""
+Tests for generalized linear models. Majority of code either directly borrowed
+or closely adapted from statsmodels package. Model results verfiied using glm
+function in R and GLM function in statsmodels.
+"""
+
+__author__ = 'Taylor Oshan tayoshan@gmail.com'
+
+from pysal.contrib.glm.glm import GLM
+from pysal.contrib.glm.family import Gaussian, Poisson, Binomial, QuasiPoisson
+import numpy as np
+import pysal
+import unittest
+import math
+
+
+class TestGaussian(unittest.TestCase):
+    """
+    Tests for Poisson GLM
+    """
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        db = pysal.open(pysal.examples.get_path('columbus.dbf'),'r')
+        y = np.array(db.by_col("HOVAL"))
+        self.y = np.reshape(y, (49,1))
+        X = []
+        X.append(db.by_col("INC"))
+        X.append(db.by_col("CRIME"))
+        self.X = np.array(X).T
+
+    def testIWLS(self):
+        model = GLM(self.y, self.X, family=Gaussian())
+        results = model.fit()
+        self.assertEqual(results.n, 49)
+        self.assertEqual(results.df_model, 2)
+        self.assertEqual(results.df_resid, 46)
+        self.assertEqual(results.aic, 408.73548964604873)
+        self.assertEqual(results.bic, 10467.991340493107)
+        self.assertEqual(results.deviance, 10647.015074206196)
+        self.assertEqual(results.llf, -201.36774482302437)
+        self.assertEqual(results.null_deviance, 16367.794631703124)
+        self.assertEqual(results.scale, 231.45684943926514)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(results.params, [ 46.42818268,   0.62898397,
+            -0.48488854])
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(results.bse, [ 13.19175703,   0.53591045,
+            0.18267291])
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(results.cov_params(), 
+                [[  1.74022453e+02,  -6.52060364e+00,  -2.15109867e+00],
+                [ -6.52060364e+00,   2.87200008e-01,   6.80956787e-02],
+                [ -2.15109867e+00,   6.80956787e-02,   3.33693910e-02]])
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(results.tvalues, [ 3.51948437,  1.17367365,
+            -2.65440864])
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(results.pvalues, [ 0.00043239,  0.24052577,
+            0.00794475], atol=1.0e-8)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(results.conf_int(), 
+                [[ 20.57281401,  72.28355135],
+                [ -0.42138121,   1.67934915],
+                [ -0.84292086,  -0.12685622]])
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(results.normalized_cov_params, 
+                [[  7.51857004e-01,  -2.81720055e-02,  -9.29373521e-03],
+                [ -2.81720055e-02,   1.24083607e-03,   2.94204638e-04],
+                [ -9.29373521e-03,   2.94204638e-04,   1.44171110e-04]])
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(results.mu, 
+                [ 51.08752105,  50.66601521,  41.61367567,  33.53969014,
+                28.90638232,  43.87074227,  51.64910882,  34.92671563,
+                42.69267622,  38.49449134,  20.92815471,  25.25228436,
+                29.78223486,  25.02403635,  29.07959539,  24.63352275,
+                34.71372149,  33.40443052,  27.29864225,  65.86219802,
+                33.69854751,  37.44976435,  50.01304928,  36.81219959,
+                22.02674837,  31.64775955,  27.63563294,  23.7697291 ,
+                22.43119725,  21.76987089,  48.51169321,  49.05891819,
+                32.31656426,  44.20550354,  35.49244888,  51.27811308,
+                36.55047181,  27.37048914,  48.78812922,  57.31744163,
+                51.22914162,  54.70515578,  37.06622277,  44.5075759 ,
+                41.24328983,  49.93821824,  44.85644299,  40.93838609,  47.32045464])
+        self.assertEqual(results.pearson_chi2, 10647.015074206196)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(results.resid_response, 
+                [ 29.37948195,  -6.09901421, -15.26367567,  -0.33968914,
+                -5.68138232, -15.12074227,  23.35089118,   2.19828437,
+                9.90732178,  57.90551066,  -1.22815371,  -5.35228436,
+                11.91776614,  17.87596565, -11.07959539,  -5.83352375,
+                7.03627851,  26.59556948,   3.30135775,  15.40479998,
+                -13.72354751,  -6.99976335,  -2.28004728,  16.38780141,
+                -4.12674837, -11.34776055,   6.46436506,  -0.9197291 ,
+                10.06880275,   0.73012911, -16.71169421,  -8.75891919,
+                -8.71656426, -15.75550254,  -8.49244888, -14.97811408,
+                6.74952719,  -4.67048814,  -9.18813122,   4.63255937,
+                -9.12914362, -10.37215578, -11.36622177, -11.0075759 ,
+                -13.51028983,  26.16177976,  -2.35644299, -14.13838709, -11.52045564])
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(results.resid_working, 
+                [ 29.37948195,  -6.09901421, -15.26367567,  -0.33968914,
+                -5.68138232, -15.12074227,  23.35089118,   2.19828437,
+                9.90732178,  57.90551066,  -1.22815371,  -5.35228436,
+                11.91776614,  17.87596565, -11.07959539,  -5.83352375,
+                7.03627851,  26.59556948,   3.30135775,  15.40479998,
+                -13.72354751,  -6.99976335,  -2.28004728,  16.38780141,
+                -4.12674837, -11.34776055,   6.46436506,  -0.9197291 ,
+                10.06880275,   0.73012911, -16.71169421,  -8.75891919,
+                -8.71656426, -15.75550254,  -8.49244888, -14.97811408,
+                6.74952719,  -4.67048814,  -9.18813122,   4.63255937,
+                -9.12914362, -10.37215578, -11.36622177, -11.0075759 ,
+                -13.51028983,  26.16177976,  -2.35644299, -14.13838709, -11.52045564])
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(results.resid_pearson, 
+                [ 29.37948195,  -6.09901421, -15.26367567,  -0.33968914,
+                -5.68138232, -15.12074227,  23.35089118,   2.19828437,
+                9.90732178,  57.90551066,  -1.22815371,  -5.35228436,
+                11.91776614,  17.87596565, -11.07959539,  -5.83352375,
+                7.03627851,  26.59556948,   3.30135775,  15.40479998,
+                -13.72354751,  -6.99976335,  -2.28004728,  16.38780141,
+                -4.12674837, -11.34776055,   6.46436506,  -0.9197291 ,
+                10.06880275,   0.73012911, -16.71169421,  -8.75891919,
+                -8.71656426, -15.75550254,  -8.49244888, -14.97811408,
+                6.74952719,  -4.67048814,  -9.18813122,   4.63255937,
+                -9.12914362, -10.37215578, -11.36622177, -11.0075759 ,
+                -13.51028983,  26.16177976,  -2.35644299, -14.13838709, -11.52045564])
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(results.resid_anscombe, 
+                [ 29.37948195,  -6.09901421, -15.26367567,  -0.33968914,
+                -5.68138232, -15.12074227,  23.35089118,   2.19828437,
+                9.90732178,  57.90551066,  -1.22815371,  -5.35228436,
+                11.91776614,  17.87596565, -11.07959539,  -5.83352375,
+                7.03627851,  26.59556948,   3.30135775,  15.40479998,
+                -13.72354751,  -6.99976335,  -2.28004728,  16.38780141,
+                -4.12674837, -11.34776055,   6.46436506,  -0.9197291 ,
+                10.06880275,   0.73012911, -16.71169421,  -8.75891919,
+                -8.71656426, -15.75550254,  -8.49244888, -14.97811408,
+                6.74952719,  -4.67048814,  -9.18813122,   4.63255937,
+                -9.12914362, -10.37215578, -11.36622177, -11.0075759 ,
+                -13.51028983,  26.16177976,  -2.35644299, -14.13838709, -11.52045564])
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(results.resid_deviance, 
+                [ 29.37948195,  -6.09901421, -15.26367567,  -0.33968914,
+                -5.68138232, -15.12074227,  23.35089118,   2.19828437,
+                9.90732178,  57.90551066,  -1.22815371,  -5.35228436,
+                11.91776614,  17.87596565, -11.07959539,  -5.83352375,
+                7.03627851,  26.59556948,   3.30135775,  15.40479998,
+                -13.72354751,  -6.99976335,  -2.28004728,  16.38780141,
+                -4.12674837, -11.34776055,   6.46436506,  -0.9197291 ,
+                10.06880275,   0.73012911, -16.71169421,  -8.75891919,
+                -8.71656426, -15.75550254,  -8.49244888, -14.97811408,
+                6.74952719,  -4.67048814,  -9.18813122,   4.63255937,
+                -9.12914362, -10.37215578, -11.36622177, -11.0075759 ,
+                -13.51028983,  26.16177976,  -2.35644299, -14.13838709, -11.52045564])
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(results.null, 
+                [ 38.43622447,  38.43622447,  38.43622447,  38.43622447,
+                38.43622447,  38.43622447,  38.43622447,  38.43622447,
+                38.43622447,  38.43622447,  38.43622447,  38.43622447,
+                38.43622447,  38.43622447,  38.43622447,  38.43622447,
+                38.43622447,  38.43622447,  38.43622447,  38.43622447,
+                38.43622447,  38.43622447,  38.43622447,  38.43622447,
+                38.43622447,  38.43622447,  38.43622447,  38.43622447,
+                38.43622447,  38.43622447,  38.43622447,  38.43622447,
+                38.43622447,  38.43622447,  38.43622447,  38.43622447,
+                38.43622447,  38.43622447,  38.43622447,  38.43622447,
+                38.43622447,  38.43622447,  38.43622447,  38.43622447,
+                38.43622447,  38.43622447,  38.43622447,  38.43622447,  38.43622447])
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(results.D2, .349514377851)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(results.adj_D2, 0.32123239427957673)
+
+class TestPoisson(unittest.TestCase):
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        db = pysal.open(pysal.examples.get_path('columbus.dbf'),'r')
+        y = np.array(db.by_col("HOVAL"))
+        y = np.reshape(y, (49,1))
+        self.y = np.round(y).astype(int)
+        X = []
+        X.append(db.by_col("INC"))
+        X.append(db.by_col("CRIME"))
+        self.X = np.array(X).T
+
+    def testIWLS(self):
+        model = GLM(self.y, self.X, family=Poisson())
+        results = model.fit()
+        self.assertEqual(results.n, 49)
+        self.assertEqual(results.df_model, 2)
+        self.assertEqual(results.df_resid, 46)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(results.aic, 500.85184179938756)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(results.bic, 51.436404535087661)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(results.deviance, 230.46013824817649)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(results.llf, -247.42592089969378)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(results.null_deviance, 376.97293610347361)
+        self.assertEqual(results.scale, 1.0)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(results.params, [ 3.92159085,  0.01183491,
+            -0.01371397], atol=1.0e-8)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(results.bse, [ 0.13049161,  0.00511599,
+            0.00193769], atol=1.0e-8)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(results.cov_params(), 
+                [[  1.70280610e-02,  -6.18628383e-04,  -2.21386966e-04],
+                [ -6.18628383e-04,   2.61733917e-05,   6.77496445e-06],
+                [ -2.21386966e-04,   6.77496445e-06,   3.75463502e-06]])
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(results.tvalues, [ 30.0524361 ,   2.31331634,
+            -7.07748998])
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(results.pvalues, [  2.02901657e-198,
+            2.07052532e-002,   1.46788805e-012])
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(results.conf_int(), 
+                [[  3.66583199e+00,   4.17734972e+00],
+                [  1.80774841e-03,   2.18620753e-02],
+                [ -1.75117666e-02,  -9.91616901e-03]])
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(results.normalized_cov_params, 
+                [[  1.70280610e-02,  -6.18628383e-04,  -2.21386966e-04],
+                [ -6.18628383e-04,   2.61733917e-05,   6.77496445e-06],
+                [ -2.21386966e-04,   6.77496445e-06,   3.75463502e-06]])
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(results.mu, 
+                [ 51.26831574,  50.15022766,  40.06142973,  34.13799739,
+                28.76119226,  42.6836241 ,  55.64593703,  34.08277997,
+                40.90389582,  37.19727958,  23.47459217,  26.12384057,
+                29.78303507,  25.96888223,  29.14073823,  26.04369592,
+                34.18996367,  32.28924005,  27.42284396,  72.69207879,
+                33.05316347,  36.52276972,  49.2551479 ,  35.33439632,
+                24.07252457,  31.67153709,  27.81699478,  25.38021219,
+                24.31759259,  23.13586161,  48.40724678,  48.57969818,
+                31.92596006,  43.3679231 ,  34.32925819,  51.78908089,
+                34.49778584,  27.56236198,  48.34273194,  57.50829097,
+                50.66038226,  54.68701352,  35.77103116,  43.21886784,
+                40.07615759,  49.98658004,  43.13352883,  40.28520774,  46.28910294])
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(results.pearson_chi2, 264.62262932090221)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(results.resid_response, 
+                [ 28.73168426,  -5.15022766, -14.06142973,  -1.13799739,
+                -5.76119226, -13.6836241 ,  19.35406297,   2.91722003,
+                12.09610418,  58.80272042,  -3.47459217,  -6.12384057,
+                12.21696493,  17.03111777, -11.14073823,  -7.04369592,
+                7.81003633,  27.71075995,   3.57715604,   8.30792121,
+                -13.05316347,  -6.52276972,  -1.2551479 ,  17.66560368,
+                -6.07252457, -11.67153709,   6.18300522,  -2.38021219,
+                7.68240741,  -1.13586161, -16.40724678,  -8.57969818,
+                -7.92596006, -15.3679231 ,  -7.32925819, -15.78908089,
+                8.50221416,  -4.56236198,  -8.34273194,   4.49170903,
+                -8.66038226, -10.68701352,  -9.77103116,  -9.21886784,
+                -12.07615759,  26.01341996,  -1.13352883, -13.28520774, -10.28910294])
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(results.resid_working, 
+                [ 1473.02506034,  -258.28508941,  -563.32097891,   -38.84895192,
+                -165.69875817,  -584.06666725,  1076.97496919,    99.42696848,
+                494.77778514,  2187.30123163,   -81.56463405,  -159.97823479,
+                363.858295  ,   442.27909165,  -324.64933645,  -183.44387481,
+                267.02485844,   894.75938   ,    98.09579187,   603.9200634 ,
+                -431.44834594,  -238.2296165 ,   -61.82249568,   624.20344168,
+                -146.18099686,  -369.65551968,   171.99262399,   -60.41029031,
+                186.81765356,   -26.27913713,  -794.22964417,  -416.79914795,
+                -253.04388425,  -666.47490701,  -251.6079969 ,  -817.70198717,
+                293.30756327,  -125.74947222,  -403.31045369,   258.31051005,
+                -438.73827602,  -584.440853  ,  -349.51985996,  -398.42903071,
+                -483.96599444,  1300.32189904,   -48.89309853,  -535.19735391,
+                -476.27334527])
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(results.resid_pearson, 
+                [ 4.01269878, -0.72726045, -2.221602  , -0.19477008, -1.07425881,
+                -2.09445239,  2.59451042,  0.49969118,  1.89131202,  9.64143836,
+                -0.71714142, -1.19813392,  2.23861212,  3.34207756, -2.0637814 ,
+                -1.3802231 ,  1.33568403,  4.87662684,  0.68309584,  0.97442591,
+                -2.27043598, -1.07931992, -0.17884182,  2.97186889, -1.23768025,
+                -2.07392709,  1.1723155 , -0.47246327,  1.55789092, -0.23614708,
+                -2.35819937, -1.23096188, -1.40274877, -2.33362391, -1.25091503,
+                -2.19400568,  1.44755952, -0.8690235 , -1.19989348,  0.59230634,
+                -1.21675413, -1.44515442, -1.63370888, -1.40229988, -1.90759306,
+                3.67934693, -0.17259375, -2.09312684, -1.51230062])
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(results.resid_anscombe, 
+                [ 3.70889134, -0.74031295, -2.37729865, -0.19586855, -1.11374751,
+                -2.22611959,  2.46352013,  0.49282126,  1.80857757,  8.06444452,
+                -0.73610811, -1.25061371,  2.10820431,  3.05467547, -2.22437611,
+                -1.45136173,  1.28939698,  4.35942058,  0.66904552,  0.95674923,
+                -2.45438937, -1.11429881, -0.17961012,  2.76715848, -1.29658591,
+                -2.22816691,  1.13269136, -0.48017382,  1.48562248, -0.23812278,
+                -2.51664399, -1.2703721 , -1.4683091 , -2.49907536, -1.30026484,
+                -2.32398309,  1.39380683, -0.89495368, -1.23735395,  0.58485202,
+                -1.25435224, -1.4968484 , -1.71888038, -1.45756652, -2.01906267,
+                3.41729922, -0.17335867, -2.22921828, -1.57470549])
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(results.resid_deviance, 
+                [ 3.70529668, -0.74027329, -2.37536322, -0.19586751, -1.11349765,
+                -2.22466106,  2.46246446,  0.4928057 ,  1.80799655,  8.02696525,
+                -0.73602255, -1.25021555,  2.10699958,  3.05084608, -2.22214376,
+                -1.45072221,  1.28913747,  4.35106213,  0.6689982 ,  0.95669662,
+                -2.45171913, -1.11410444, -0.17960956,  2.76494217, -1.29609865,
+                -2.22612429,  1.13247453, -0.48015254,  1.48508549, -0.23812   ,
+                -2.51476072, -1.27015583, -1.46777697, -2.49699318, -1.29992892,
+                -2.32263069,  1.39348459, -0.89482132, -1.23715363,  0.58483655,
+                -1.25415329, -1.49653039, -1.7181055 , -1.45719072, -2.01791949,
+                3.41437156, -0.1733581 , -2.22765605, -1.57426046])
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(results.null, 
+                [ 38.42857143,  38.42857143,  38.42857143,  38.42857143,
+                38.42857143,  38.42857143,  38.42857143,  38.42857143,
+                38.42857143,  38.42857143,  38.42857143,  38.42857143,
+                38.42857143,  38.42857143,  38.42857143,  38.42857143,
+                38.42857143,  38.42857143,  38.42857143,  38.42857143,
+                38.42857143,  38.42857143,  38.42857143,  38.42857143,
+                38.42857143,  38.42857143,  38.42857143,  38.42857143,
+                38.42857143,  38.42857143,  38.42857143,  38.42857143,
+                38.42857143,  38.42857143,  38.42857143,  38.42857143,
+                38.42857143,  38.42857143,  38.42857143,  38.42857143,
+                38.42857143,  38.42857143,  38.42857143,  38.42857143,
+                38.42857143,  38.42857143,  38.42857143,  38.42857143,  38.42857143])
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(results.D2, .388656011675)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(results.adj_D2, 0.36207583826952761)#.375648692774)
+
+    def testQuasi(self):
+        model = GLM(self.y, self.X, family=QuasiPoisson())
+        results = model.fit()
+        self.assertEqual(results.n, 49)
+        self.assertEqual(results.df_model, 2)
+        self.assertEqual(results.df_resid, 46)
+        self.assertTrue(math.isnan(results.aic))
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(results.bic, 51.436404535087661)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(results.deviance, 230.46013824817649)
+        self.assertTrue(math.isnan(results.llf))
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(results.null_deviance, 376.97293610347361)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(results.scale, 5.7526658548022223)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(results.params, [ 3.92159085,  0.01183491,
+            -0.01371397], atol=1.0e-8)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(results.bse, [ 0.31298042,  0.01227057,
+            0.00464749], atol=1.0e-8)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(results.cov_params(), 
+                [[  9.79567451e-02,  -3.55876238e-03,  -1.27356524e-03],
+                [ -3.55876238e-03,   1.50566777e-04,   3.89741067e-05],
+                [ -1.27356524e-03,   3.89741067e-05,   2.15991606e-05]])
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(results.tvalues, [ 12.52982796,   0.96449604,
+            -2.95083339])
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(results.pvalues, [  5.12737770e-36,
+            3.34797291e-01,   3.16917819e-03])
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(results.conf_int(), 
+                [[ 3.3081605 ,  4.53502121],
+                [-0.01221495,  0.03588478],
+                [-0.02282288, -0.00460506]], atol=1.0e-8)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(results.normalized_cov_params, 
+                [[  1.70280610e-02,  -6.18628383e-04,  -2.21386966e-04],
+                [ -6.18628383e-04,   2.61733917e-05,   6.77496445e-06],
+                [ -2.21386966e-04,   6.77496445e-06,   3.75463502e-06]])
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(results.mu, 
+                [ 51.26831574,  50.15022766,  40.06142973,  34.13799739,
+                28.76119226,  42.6836241 ,  55.64593703,  34.08277997,
+                40.90389582,  37.19727958,  23.47459217,  26.12384057,
+                29.78303507,  25.96888223,  29.14073823,  26.04369592,
+                34.18996367,  32.28924005,  27.42284396,  72.69207879,
+                33.05316347,  36.52276972,  49.2551479 ,  35.33439632,
+                24.07252457,  31.67153709,  27.81699478,  25.38021219,
+                24.31759259,  23.13586161,  48.40724678,  48.57969818,
+                31.92596006,  43.3679231 ,  34.32925819,  51.78908089,
+                34.49778584,  27.56236198,  48.34273194,  57.50829097,
+                50.66038226,  54.68701352,  35.77103116,  43.21886784,
+                40.07615759,  49.98658004,  43.13352883,  40.28520774,  46.28910294])
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(results.pearson_chi2, 264.62262932090221)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(results.resid_response, 
+                [ 28.73168426,  -5.15022766, -14.06142973,  -1.13799739,
+                -5.76119226, -13.6836241 ,  19.35406297,   2.91722003,
+                12.09610418,  58.80272042,  -3.47459217,  -6.12384057,
+                12.21696493,  17.03111777, -11.14073823,  -7.04369592,
+                7.81003633,  27.71075995,   3.57715604,   8.30792121,
+                -13.05316347,  -6.52276972,  -1.2551479 ,  17.66560368,
+                -6.07252457, -11.67153709,   6.18300522,  -2.38021219,
+                7.68240741,  -1.13586161, -16.40724678,  -8.57969818,
+                -7.92596006, -15.3679231 ,  -7.32925819, -15.78908089,
+                8.50221416,  -4.56236198,  -8.34273194,   4.49170903,
+                -8.66038226, -10.68701352,  -9.77103116,  -9.21886784,
+                -12.07615759,  26.01341996,  -1.13352883, -13.28520774, -10.28910294])
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(results.resid_working, 
+                [ 1473.02506034,  -258.28508941,  -563.32097891,   -38.84895192,
+                -165.69875817,  -584.06666725,  1076.97496919,    99.42696848,
+                494.77778514,  2187.30123163,   -81.56463405,  -159.97823479,
+                363.858295  ,   442.27909165,  -324.64933645,  -183.44387481,
+                267.02485844,   894.75938   ,    98.09579187,   603.9200634 ,
+                -431.44834594,  -238.2296165 ,   -61.82249568,   624.20344168,
+                -146.18099686,  -369.65551968,   171.99262399,   -60.41029031,
+                186.81765356,   -26.27913713,  -794.22964417,  -416.79914795,
+                -253.04388425,  -666.47490701,  -251.6079969 ,  -817.70198717,
+                293.30756327,  -125.74947222,  -403.31045369,   258.31051005,
+                -438.73827602,  -584.440853  ,  -349.51985996,  -398.42903071,
+                -483.96599444,  1300.32189904,   -48.89309853,  -535.19735391,
+                -476.27334527])
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(results.resid_pearson, 
+                [ 4.01269878, -0.72726045, -2.221602  , -0.19477008, -1.07425881,
+                -2.09445239,  2.59451042,  0.49969118,  1.89131202,  9.64143836,
+                -0.71714142, -1.19813392,  2.23861212,  3.34207756, -2.0637814 ,
+                -1.3802231 ,  1.33568403,  4.87662684,  0.68309584,  0.97442591,
+                -2.27043598, -1.07931992, -0.17884182,  2.97186889, -1.23768025,
+                -2.07392709,  1.1723155 , -0.47246327,  1.55789092, -0.23614708,
+                -2.35819937, -1.23096188, -1.40274877, -2.33362391, -1.25091503,
+                -2.19400568,  1.44755952, -0.8690235 , -1.19989348,  0.59230634,
+                -1.21675413, -1.44515442, -1.63370888, -1.40229988, -1.90759306,
+                3.67934693, -0.17259375, -2.09312684, -1.51230062])
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(results.resid_anscombe, 
+                [ 3.70889134, -0.74031295, -2.37729865, -0.19586855, -1.11374751,
+                -2.22611959,  2.46352013,  0.49282126,  1.80857757,  8.06444452,
+                -0.73610811, -1.25061371,  2.10820431,  3.05467547, -2.22437611,
+                -1.45136173,  1.28939698,  4.35942058,  0.66904552,  0.95674923,
+                -2.45438937, -1.11429881, -0.17961012,  2.76715848, -1.29658591,
+                -2.22816691,  1.13269136, -0.48017382,  1.48562248, -0.23812278,
+                -2.51664399, -1.2703721 , -1.4683091 , -2.49907536, -1.30026484,
+                -2.32398309,  1.39380683, -0.89495368, -1.23735395,  0.58485202,
+                -1.25435224, -1.4968484 , -1.71888038, -1.45756652, -2.01906267,
+                3.41729922, -0.17335867, -2.22921828, -1.57470549])
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(results.resid_deviance, 
+                [ 3.70529668, -0.74027329, -2.37536322, -0.19586751, -1.11349765,
+                -2.22466106,  2.46246446,  0.4928057 ,  1.80799655,  8.02696525,
+                -0.73602255, -1.25021555,  2.10699958,  3.05084608, -2.22214376,
+                -1.45072221,  1.28913747,  4.35106213,  0.6689982 ,  0.95669662,
+                -2.45171913, -1.11410444, -0.17960956,  2.76494217, -1.29609865,
+                -2.22612429,  1.13247453, -0.48015254,  1.48508549, -0.23812   ,
+                -2.51476072, -1.27015583, -1.46777697, -2.49699318, -1.29992892,
+                -2.32263069,  1.39348459, -0.89482132, -1.23715363,  0.58483655,
+                -1.25415329, -1.49653039, -1.7181055 , -1.45719072, -2.01791949,
+                3.41437156, -0.1733581 , -2.22765605, -1.57426046])
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(results.null, 
+                [ 38.42857143,  38.42857143,  38.42857143,  38.42857143,
+                38.42857143,  38.42857143,  38.42857143,  38.42857143,
+                38.42857143,  38.42857143,  38.42857143,  38.42857143,
+                38.42857143,  38.42857143,  38.42857143,  38.42857143,
+                38.42857143,  38.42857143,  38.42857143,  38.42857143,
+                38.42857143,  38.42857143,  38.42857143,  38.42857143,
+                38.42857143,  38.42857143,  38.42857143,  38.42857143,
+                38.42857143,  38.42857143,  38.42857143,  38.42857143,
+                38.42857143,  38.42857143,  38.42857143,  38.42857143,
+                38.42857143,  38.42857143,  38.42857143,  38.42857143,
+                38.42857143,  38.42857143,  38.42857143,  38.42857143,
+                38.42857143,  38.42857143,  38.42857143,  38.42857143,  38.42857143])
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(results.D2, .388656011675)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(results.adj_D2, 0.36207583826952761)
+
+class TestBinomial(unittest.TestCase):
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        #London house price data
+        #y: 'BATH2'
+        y = np.array([0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0,
+            0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+            0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+            0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+            0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+            0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+            0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+            0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+            0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1,
+            0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+            0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0,
+            0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+            0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0,
+            0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0])
+       	self.y = y.reshape((316,1))
+        #X: 'FLOORSZ'
+       	X = np.array([ 77,  75,  64,  95, 107, 100,  81, 151,  98, 260, 171, 161,  91,
+            80,  50,  85,  52,  69,  60,  84, 155,  97,  69, 126,  90,  43,
+            51,  41, 140,  80,  52,  86,  66,  60,  40, 155, 138,  97, 115,
+            148, 206,  60,  53,  96,  88, 160,  31,  43, 154,  60, 131,  60,
+            46,  61, 125, 150,  76,  92,  96, 100, 105,  72,  48,  41,  72,
+            65,  60,  65,  98,  33, 144, 111,  91, 108,  38,  48,  95,  63,
+            98, 129, 108,  51, 131,  66,  48, 127,  76,  68,  52,  64,  57,
+            121,  67,  76, 112,  96,  90,  53,  93,  64,  97,  58,  44, 157,
+            53,  70,  71, 167,  47,  70,  96,  77,  75,  71,  67,  47,  71,
+            90,  69,  64,  65,  95,  60,  60,  65,  54, 121, 105,  50,  85,
+            69,  69,  62,  65,  93,  93,  70,  62, 155,  68, 117,  80,  80,
+            75,  98, 114,  86,  70,  50,  51, 163, 124,  59,  95,  51,  63,
+            85,  53,  46, 102, 114,  83,  47,  40,  63, 123, 100,  63, 110,
+            79,  98,  99, 120,  52,  48,  37,  81,  30,  88,  50,  35, 116,
+            67,  45,  80,  86, 109,  59,  75,  60,  71, 141, 121,  50, 168,
+            90,  51, 133,  75, 133, 127,  37,  68, 105,  61, 123, 151, 110,
+            77, 220,  94,  77,  70, 100,  98, 126,  55, 105,  60, 176, 104,
+            68,  62,  70,  48, 102,  80,  97,  66,  80, 102, 160,  55,  60,
+            71, 125,  85,  85, 190, 137,  48,  41,  42,  51,  57,  60, 114,
+            88,  84, 108,  66,  85,  42,  98,  90, 127, 100,  55,  76,  82,
+            63,  80,  71,  76, 121, 109,  92, 160, 109, 185, 100,  90,  90,
+            86,  88,  95, 116, 135,  61,  74,  60, 235,  76,  66, 100,  49,
+            50,  37, 100,  88,  90,  52,  95,  81,  79,  96,  75,  91,  86,
+            83, 180, 108,  80,  96,  49, 117, 117,  86,  46,  66,  95,  57,
+            120, 137,  68, 240])
+        self.X = X.reshape((316,1))
+
+    def testIWLS(self):
+        model = GLM(self.y, self.X, family=Binomial())
+        results = model.fit()
+        self.assertEqual(results.n, 316)
+        self.assertEqual(results.df_model, 1)
+        self.assertEqual(results.df_resid, 314)
+        self.assertEqual(results.aic, 155.19347530342466)
+        self.assertEqual(results.bic, -1656.1095797628657)
+        self.assertEqual(results.deviance, 151.19347530342466)
+        self.assertEqual(results.llf, -75.596737651712331)
+        self.assertEqual(results.null_deviance, 189.16038985881212)
+        self.assertEqual(results.scale, 1.0)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(results.params, [-5.33638276,  0.0287754 ])
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(results.bse, [ 0.64499904,  0.00518312],
+                atol=1.0e-8)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(results.cov_params(), 
+            [[  4.16023762e-01,  -3.14338457e-03],
+            [ -3.14338457e-03,   2.68646833e-05]])
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(results.tvalues, [-8.27347396,  5.55175826])
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(results.pvalues, [  1.30111233e-16,
+            2.82810512e-08])
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(results.conf_int(), 
+            [[-6.60055765, -4.07220787],
+            [ 0.01861668,  0.03893412]], atol=1.0e-8)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(results.normalized_cov_params, 
+            [[  4.16023762e-01,  -3.14338457e-03],
+            [ -3.14338457e-03,   2.68646833e-05]])
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(results.mu, 
+            [ 0.04226237,  0.03999333,  0.02946178,  0.0689636 ,  0.09471181,
+            0.07879431,  0.04717464,  0.27065598,  0.07471691,  0.89522144,
+            0.39752487,  0.33102718,  0.06192993,  0.04589793,  0.01988679,
+            0.0526265 ,  0.02104007,  0.03386636,  0.02634295,  0.05121018,
+            0.29396682,  0.07275173,  0.03386636,  0.15307528,  0.06027915,
+            0.01631789,  0.02045547,  0.01541937,  0.2128508 ,  0.04589793,
+            0.02104007,  0.05407977,  0.0311527 ,  0.02634295,  0.01498855,
+            0.29396682,  0.20336776,  0.07275173,  0.11637537,  0.25395607,
+            0.64367488,  0.02634295,  0.02164101,  0.07083428,  0.05710047,
+            0.32468619,  0.01160845,  0.01631789,  0.28803008,  0.02634295,
+            0.17267234,  0.02634295,  0.01776301,  0.02709115,  0.14938186,
+            0.26501331,  0.04111287,  0.06362285,  0.07083428,  0.07879431,
+            0.08989109,  0.03680743,  0.0187955 ,  0.01541937,  0.03680743,
+            0.03029581,  0.02634295,  0.03029581,  0.07471691,  0.01228768,
+            0.23277197,  0.10505173,  0.06192993,  0.09720799,  0.01416217,
+            0.0187955 ,  0.0689636 ,  0.02865003,  0.07471691,  0.16460503,
+            0.09720799,  0.02045547,  0.17267234,  0.0311527 ,  0.0187955 ,
+            0.15684317,  0.04111287,  0.03293737,  0.02104007,  0.02946178,
+            0.02421701,  0.1353385 ,  0.03203302,  0.04111287,  0.10778798,
+            0.07083428,  0.06027915,  0.02164101,  0.06535882,  0.02946178,
+            0.07275173,  0.02490638,  0.01678627,  0.30605146,  0.02164101,
+            0.03482061,  0.03580075,  0.37030921,  0.0182721 ,  0.03482061,
+            0.07083428,  0.04226237,  0.03999333,  0.03580075,  0.03203302,
+            0.0182721 ,  0.03580075,  0.06027915,  0.03386636,  0.02946178,
+            0.03029581,  0.0689636 ,  0.02634295,  0.02634295,  0.03029581,
+            0.02225873,  0.1353385 ,  0.08989109,  0.01988679,  0.0526265 ,
+            0.03386636,  0.03386636,  0.02786   ,  0.03029581,  0.06535882,
+            0.06535882,  0.03482061,  0.02786   ,  0.29396682,  0.03293737,
+            0.12242534,  0.04589793,  0.04589793,  0.03999333,  0.07471691,
+            0.11344884,  0.05407977,  0.03482061,  0.01988679,  0.02045547,
+            0.34389327,  0.14576223,  0.02561486,  0.0689636 ,  0.02045547,
+            0.02865003,  0.0526265 ,  0.02164101,  0.01776301,  0.08307425,
+            0.11344884,  0.04982997,  0.0182721 ,  0.01498855,  0.02865003,
+            0.14221564,  0.07879431,  0.02865003,  0.10237696,  0.04465416,
+            0.07471691,  0.07673078,  0.13200634,  0.02104007,  0.0187955 ,
+            0.01376599,  0.04717464,  0.01128289,  0.05710047,  0.01988679,
+            0.01300612,  0.11936722,  0.03203302,  0.01726786,  0.04589793,
+            0.05407977,  0.09976271,  0.02561486,  0.03999333,  0.02634295,
+            0.03580075,  0.21771181,  0.1353385 ,  0.01988679,  0.37704374,
+            0.06027915,  0.02045547,  0.18104935,  0.03999333,  0.18104935,
+            0.15684317,  0.01376599,  0.03293737,  0.08989109,  0.02709115,
+            0.14221564,  0.27065598,  0.10237696,  0.04226237,  0.72991785,
+            0.06713876,  0.04226237,  0.03482061,  0.07879431,  0.07471691,
+            0.15307528,  0.02289366,  0.08989109,  0.02634295,  0.43243779,
+            0.08756457,  0.03293737,  0.02786   ,  0.03482061,  0.0187955 ,
+            0.08307425,  0.04589793,  0.07275173,  0.0311527 ,  0.04589793,
+            0.08307425,  0.32468619,  0.02289366,  0.02634295,  0.03580075,
+            0.14938186,  0.0526265 ,  0.0526265 ,  0.53268924,  0.19874565,
+            0.0187955 ,  0.01541937,  0.01586237,  0.02045547,  0.02421701,
+            0.02634295,  0.11344884,  0.05710047,  0.05121018,  0.09720799,
+            0.0311527 ,  0.0526265 ,  0.01586237,  0.07471691,  0.06027915,
+            0.15684317,  0.07879431,  0.02289366,  0.04111287,  0.04848506,
+            0.02865003,  0.04589793,  0.03580075,  0.04111287,  0.1353385 ,
+            0.09976271,  0.06362285,  0.32468619,  0.09976271,  0.49676673,
+            0.07879431,  0.06027915,  0.06027915,  0.05407977,  0.05710047,
+            0.0689636 ,  0.11936722,  0.18973955,  0.02709115,  0.03890304,
+            0.02634295,  0.80625182,  0.04111287,  0.0311527 ,  0.07879431,
+            0.0193336 ,  0.01988679,  0.01376599,  0.07879431,  0.05710047,
+            0.06027915,  0.02104007,  0.0689636 ,  0.04717464,  0.04465416,
+            0.07083428,  0.03999333,  0.06192993,  0.05407977,  0.04982997,
+            0.46087756,  0.09720799,  0.04589793,  0.07083428,  0.0193336 ,
+            0.12242534,  0.12242534,  0.05407977,  0.01776301,  0.0311527 ,
+            0.0689636 ,  0.02421701,  0.13200634,  0.19874565,  0.03293737,
+            0.82774282], atol=1.0e-8)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(results.pearson_chi2, 271.21110541713801)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(results.resid_response, 
+            [-0.04226237, -0.03999333, -0.02946178, -0.0689636 , -0.09471181,
+            -0.07879431, -0.04717464, -0.27065598, -0.07471691,  0.10477856,
+            -0.39752487,  0.66897282, -0.06192993, -0.04589793, -0.01988679,
+            -0.0526265 , -0.02104007, -0.03386636, -0.02634295, -0.05121018,
+            -0.29396682,  0.92724827, -0.03386636, -0.15307528, -0.06027915,
+            -0.01631789, -0.02045547, -0.01541937, -0.2128508 , -0.04589793,
+            -0.02104007, -0.05407977, -0.0311527 , -0.02634295, -0.01498855,
+            -0.29396682,  0.79663224, -0.07275173, -0.11637537,  0.74604393,
+            -0.64367488, -0.02634295, -0.02164101, -0.07083428, -0.05710047,
+            -0.32468619, -0.01160845, -0.01631789, -0.28803008, -0.02634295,
+            -0.17267234, -0.02634295, -0.01776301, -0.02709115,  0.85061814,
+            0.73498669, -0.04111287, -0.06362285, -0.07083428, -0.07879431,
+            0.91010891, -0.03680743, -0.0187955 , -0.01541937, -0.03680743,
+            -0.03029581, -0.02634295, -0.03029581, -0.07471691, -0.01228768,
+            0.76722803, -0.10505173, -0.06192993, -0.09720799, -0.01416217,
+            -0.0187955 , -0.0689636 , -0.02865003, -0.07471691, -0.16460503,
+            -0.09720799, -0.02045547,  0.82732766, -0.0311527 , -0.0187955 ,
+            -0.15684317, -0.04111287, -0.03293737, -0.02104007, -0.02946178,
+            -0.02421701, -0.1353385 , -0.03203302, -0.04111287, -0.10778798,
+            -0.07083428, -0.06027915, -0.02164101, -0.06535882, -0.02946178,
+            -0.07275173, -0.02490638, -0.01678627, -0.30605146, -0.02164101,
+            -0.03482061, -0.03580075,  0.62969079, -0.0182721 , -0.03482061,
+            -0.07083428, -0.04226237, -0.03999333, -0.03580075, -0.03203302,
+            -0.0182721 , -0.03580075, -0.06027915, -0.03386636, -0.02946178,
+            -0.03029581, -0.0689636 , -0.02634295, -0.02634295, -0.03029581,
+            -0.02225873, -0.1353385 , -0.08989109, -0.01988679, -0.0526265 ,
+            -0.03386636, -0.03386636, -0.02786   , -0.03029581, -0.06535882,
+            -0.06535882, -0.03482061, -0.02786   , -0.29396682, -0.03293737,
+            -0.12242534, -0.04589793, -0.04589793, -0.03999333, -0.07471691,
+            -0.11344884, -0.05407977, -0.03482061, -0.01988679, -0.02045547,
+            0.65610673,  0.85423777, -0.02561486, -0.0689636 , -0.02045547,
+            -0.02865003, -0.0526265 , -0.02164101, -0.01776301, -0.08307425,
+            -0.11344884, -0.04982997, -0.0182721 , -0.01498855, -0.02865003,
+            -0.14221564, -0.07879431, -0.02865003, -0.10237696, -0.04465416,
+            -0.07471691, -0.07673078, -0.13200634, -0.02104007, -0.0187955 ,
+            -0.01376599, -0.04717464, -0.01128289,  0.94289953, -0.01988679,
+            -0.01300612, -0.11936722, -0.03203302, -0.01726786, -0.04589793,
+            -0.05407977, -0.09976271, -0.02561486, -0.03999333, -0.02634295,
+            -0.03580075, -0.21771181,  0.8646615 , -0.01988679,  0.62295626,
+            -0.06027915, -0.02045547, -0.18104935,  0.96000667, -0.18104935,
+            -0.15684317, -0.01376599, -0.03293737, -0.08989109, -0.02709115,
+            -0.14221564,  0.72934402, -0.10237696, -0.04226237, -0.72991785,
+            -0.06713876, -0.04226237, -0.03482061, -0.07879431, -0.07471691,
+            -0.15307528,  0.97710634,  0.91010891, -0.02634295, -0.43243779,
+            -0.08756457, -0.03293737, -0.02786   , -0.03482061, -0.0187955 ,
+             0.91692575, -0.04589793, -0.07275173, -0.0311527 , -0.04589793,
+            -0.08307425,  0.67531381, -0.02289366, -0.02634295, -0.03580075,
+            -0.14938186, -0.0526265 , -0.0526265 ,  0.46731076, -0.19874565,
+            -0.0187955 , -0.01541937, -0.01586237, -0.02045547, -0.02421701,
+            -0.02634295, -0.11344884, -0.05710047, -0.05121018, -0.09720799,
+            0.9688473 , -0.0526265 , -0.01586237, -0.07471691, -0.06027915,
+            -0.15684317, -0.07879431, -0.02289366, -0.04111287, -0.04848506,
+            -0.02865003, -0.04589793, -0.03580075, -0.04111287, -0.1353385 ,
+            -0.09976271, -0.06362285,  0.67531381, -0.09976271, -0.49676673,
+            -0.07879431, -0.06027915, -0.06027915, -0.05407977, -0.05710047,
+            -0.0689636 , -0.11936722, -0.18973955, -0.02709115, -0.03890304,
+            -0.02634295,  0.19374818, -0.04111287, -0.0311527 , -0.07879431,
+            -0.0193336 , -0.01988679, -0.01376599, -0.07879431,  0.94289953,
+            -0.06027915, -0.02104007, -0.0689636 , -0.04717464, -0.04465416,
+            0.92916572, -0.03999333, -0.06192993, -0.05407977, -0.04982997,
+            -0.46087756, -0.09720799, -0.04589793, -0.07083428, -0.0193336 ,
+            -0.12242534, -0.12242534, -0.05407977, -0.01776301, -0.0311527 ,
+            -0.0689636 , -0.02421701, -0.13200634, -0.19874565, -0.03293737,
+            -0.82774282], atol=1.0e-8)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(results.resid_working, 
+            [ -1.71062283e-03,  -1.53549840e-03,  -8.42423701e-04,
+            -4.42798906e-03,  -8.12073047e-03,  -5.71934606e-03,
+            -2.12046213e-03,  -5.34278480e-02,  -5.16550074e-03,
+            9.82823035e-03,  -9.52067472e-02,   1.48142818e-01,
+            -3.59779501e-03,  -2.00993083e-03,  -3.87619325e-04,
+            -2.62379729e-03,  -4.33370579e-04,  -1.10808799e-03,
+            -6.75670103e-04,  -2.48818484e-03,  -6.10129090e-02,
+            6.25511612e-02,  -1.10808799e-03,  -1.98451739e-02,
+            -3.41454749e-03,  -2.61928659e-04,  -4.09867263e-04,
+            -2.34090923e-04,  -3.56621577e-02,  -2.00993083e-03,
+            -4.33370579e-04,  -2.76645832e-03,  -9.40257152e-04,
+            -6.75670103e-04,  -2.21289369e-04,  -6.10129090e-02,
+            1.29061842e-01,  -4.90775251e-03,  -1.19671283e-02,
+            1.41347263e-01,  -1.47631680e-01,  -6.75670103e-04,
+            -4.58198217e-04,  -4.66208406e-03,  -3.07429001e-03,
+            -7.11923401e-02,  -1.33191898e-04,  -2.61928659e-04,
+            -5.90659690e-02,  -6.75670103e-04,  -2.46673839e-02,
+            -6.75670103e-04,  -3.09919962e-04,  -7.14047519e-04,
+            1.08085429e-01,   1.43161630e-01,  -1.62077632e-03,
+            -3.79032977e-03,  -4.66208406e-03,  -5.71934606e-03,
+            7.44566288e-02,  -1.30492035e-03,  -3.46630910e-04,
+            -2.34090923e-04,  -1.30492035e-03,  -8.90029618e-04,
+            -6.75670103e-04,  -8.90029618e-04,  -5.16550074e-03,
+            -1.49131762e-04,   1.37018624e-01,  -9.87652847e-03,
+            -3.59779501e-03,  -8.53083698e-03,  -1.97726627e-04,
+            -3.46630910e-04,  -4.42798906e-03,  -7.97307494e-04,
+            -5.16550074e-03,  -2.26348718e-02,  -8.53083698e-03,
+            -4.09867263e-04,   1.18189219e-01,  -9.40257152e-04,
+            -3.46630910e-04,  -2.07414715e-02,  -1.62077632e-03,
+            -1.04913757e-03,  -4.33370579e-04,  -8.42423701e-04,
+            -5.72261321e-04,  -1.58375811e-02,  -9.93244730e-04,
+            -1.62077632e-03,  -1.03659408e-02,  -4.66208406e-03,
+            -3.41454749e-03,  -4.58198217e-04,  -3.99257703e-03,
+            -8.42423701e-04,  -4.90775251e-03,  -6.04877746e-04,
+            -2.77048947e-04,  -6.50004229e-02,  -4.58198217e-04,
+            -1.17025566e-03,  -1.23580799e-03,   1.46831486e-01,
+            -3.27769165e-04,  -1.17025566e-03,  -4.66208406e-03,
+            -1.71062283e-03,  -1.53549840e-03,  -1.23580799e-03,
+            -9.93244730e-04,  -3.27769165e-04,  -1.23580799e-03,
+            -3.41454749e-03,  -1.10808799e-03,  -8.42423701e-04,
+            -8.90029618e-04,  -4.42798906e-03,  -6.75670103e-04,
+            -6.75670103e-04,  -8.90029618e-04,  -4.84422741e-04,
+            -1.58375811e-02,  -7.35405096e-03,  -3.87619325e-04,
+            -2.62379729e-03,  -1.10808799e-03,  -1.10808799e-03,
+            -7.54555329e-04,  -8.90029618e-04,  -3.99257703e-03,
+            -3.99257703e-03,  -1.17025566e-03,  -7.54555329e-04,
+            -6.10129090e-02,  -1.04913757e-03,  -1.31530576e-02,
+            -2.00993083e-03,  -2.00993083e-03,  -1.53549840e-03,
+            -5.16550074e-03,  -1.14104800e-02,  -2.76645832e-03,
+            -1.17025566e-03,  -3.87619325e-04,  -4.09867263e-04,
+            1.48037813e-01,   1.06365931e-01,  -6.39314594e-04,
+            -4.42798906e-03,  -4.09867263e-04,  -7.97307494e-04,
+            -2.62379729e-03,  -4.58198217e-04,  -3.09919962e-04,
+            -6.32800839e-03,  -1.14104800e-02,  -2.35929680e-03,
+            -3.27769165e-04,  -2.21289369e-04,  -7.97307494e-04,
+            -1.73489362e-02,  -5.71934606e-03,  -7.97307494e-04,
+            -9.40802551e-03,  -1.90495384e-03,  -5.16550074e-03,
+            -5.43585191e-03,  -1.51253748e-02,  -4.33370579e-04,
+            -3.46630910e-04,  -1.86893696e-04,  -2.12046213e-03,
+            -1.25867293e-04,   5.07657192e-02,  -3.87619325e-04,
+            -1.66959104e-04,  -1.25477263e-02,  -9.93244730e-04,
+            -2.93030065e-04,  -2.00993083e-03,  -2.76645832e-03,
+            -8.95970087e-03,  -6.39314594e-04,  -1.53549840e-03,
+            -6.75670103e-04,  -1.23580799e-03,  -3.70792339e-02,
+            1.01184411e-01,  -3.87619325e-04,   1.46321062e-01,
+            -3.41454749e-03,  -4.09867263e-04,  -2.68442736e-02,
+            3.68583645e-02,  -2.68442736e-02,  -2.07414715e-02,
+            -1.86893696e-04,  -1.04913757e-03,  -7.35405096e-03,
+            -7.14047519e-04,  -1.73489362e-02,   1.43973473e-01,
+            -9.40802551e-03,  -1.71062283e-03,  -1.43894386e-01,
+            -4.20497779e-03,  -1.71062283e-03,  -1.17025566e-03,
+            -5.71934606e-03,  -5.16550074e-03,  -1.98451739e-02,
+            2.18574168e-02,   7.44566288e-02,  -6.75670103e-04,
+            -1.06135519e-01,  -6.99614755e-03,  -1.04913757e-03,
+            -7.54555329e-04,  -1.17025566e-03,  -3.46630910e-04,
+            6.98449121e-02,  -2.00993083e-03,  -4.90775251e-03,
+            -9.40257152e-04,  -2.00993083e-03,  -6.32800839e-03,
+            1.48072729e-01,  -5.12120512e-04,  -6.75670103e-04,
+            -1.23580799e-03,  -1.89814939e-02,  -2.62379729e-03,
+            -2.62379729e-03,   1.16328328e-01,  -3.16494123e-02,
+            -3.46630910e-04,  -2.34090923e-04,  -2.47623705e-04,
+            -4.09867263e-04,  -5.72261321e-04,  -6.75670103e-04,
+            -1.14104800e-02,  -3.07429001e-03,  -2.48818484e-03,
+            -8.53083698e-03,   2.92419496e-02,  -2.62379729e-03,
+            -2.47623705e-04,  -5.16550074e-03,  -3.41454749e-03,
+            -2.07414715e-02,  -5.71934606e-03,  -5.12120512e-04,
+            -1.62077632e-03,  -2.23682205e-03,  -7.97307494e-04,
+            -2.00993083e-03,  -1.23580799e-03,  -1.62077632e-03,
+            -1.58375811e-02,  -8.95970087e-03,  -3.79032977e-03,
+            1.48072729e-01,  -8.95970087e-03,  -1.24186489e-01,
+            -5.71934606e-03,  -3.41454749e-03,  -3.41454749e-03,
+            -2.76645832e-03,  -3.07429001e-03,  -4.42798906e-03,
+            -1.25477263e-02,  -2.91702648e-02,  -7.14047519e-04,
+            -1.45456868e-03,  -6.75670103e-04,   3.02653681e-02,
+            -1.62077632e-03,  -9.40257152e-04,  -5.71934606e-03,
+            -3.66561274e-04,  -3.87619325e-04,  -1.86893696e-04,
+            -5.71934606e-03,   5.07657192e-02,  -3.41454749e-03,
+            -4.33370579e-04,  -4.42798906e-03,  -2.12046213e-03,
+            -1.90495384e-03,   6.11546973e-02,  -1.53549840e-03,
+            -3.59779501e-03,  -2.76645832e-03,  -2.35929680e-03,
+            -1.14513988e-01,  -8.53083698e-03,  -2.00993083e-03,
+            -4.66208406e-03,  -3.66561274e-04,  -1.31530576e-02,
+            -1.31530576e-02,  -2.76645832e-03,  -3.09919962e-04,
+            -9.40257152e-04,  -4.42798906e-03,  -5.72261321e-04,
+            -1.51253748e-02,  -3.16494123e-02,  -1.04913757e-03,
+            -1.18023417e-01])
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(results.resid_pearson, 
+            [-0.21006498, -0.20410641, -0.17423009, -0.27216147, -0.3234511 ,
+            -0.29246179, -0.22250903, -0.60917574, -0.28416602,  0.3421141 ,
+            -0.81229277,  1.42158361, -0.25694055, -0.21933056, -0.142444  ,
+            -0.23569027, -0.14660243, -0.18722578, -0.16448609, -0.2323235 ,
+            -0.64526275,  3.57006696, -0.18722578, -0.42513819, -0.25327023,
+            -0.12879668, -0.14450826, -0.12514332, -0.5200069 , -0.21933056,
+            -0.14660243, -0.23910582, -0.17931646, -0.16448609, -0.12335569,
+            -0.64526275,  1.97919183, -0.28010679, -0.36290807,  1.71396874,
+            -1.3440334 , -0.16448609, -0.14872695, -0.27610555, -0.24608613,
+            -0.69339243, -0.1083734 , -0.12879668, -0.63604537, -0.16448609,
+            -0.45684893, -0.16448609, -0.13447767, -0.16686977,  2.3862634 ,
+            1.66535145, -0.20706426, -0.26066405, -0.27610555, -0.29246179,
+            3.18191348, -0.19548397, -0.13840353, -0.12514332, -0.19548397,
+            -0.17675498, -0.16448609, -0.17675498, -0.28416602, -0.11153719,
+            1.81550268, -0.34261205, -0.25694055, -0.32813846, -0.11985666,
+            -0.13840353, -0.27216147, -0.17174127, -0.28416602, -0.44389026,
+            -0.32813846, -0.14450826,  2.18890738, -0.17931646, -0.13840353,
+            -0.43129917, -0.20706426, -0.18455132, -0.14660243, -0.17423009,
+            -0.1575374 , -0.39562855, -0.18191506, -0.20706426, -0.34757708,
+            -0.27610555, -0.25327023, -0.14872695, -0.26444152, -0.17423009,
+            -0.28010679, -0.15982038, -0.13066317, -0.66410018, -0.14872695,
+            -0.189939  , -0.19269154,  1.30401147, -0.13642648, -0.189939  ,
+            -0.27610555, -0.21006498, -0.20410641, -0.19269154, -0.18191506,
+            -0.13642648, -0.19269154, -0.25327023, -0.18722578, -0.17423009,
+            -0.17675498, -0.27216147, -0.16448609, -0.16448609, -0.17675498,
+            -0.15088226, -0.39562855, -0.3142763 , -0.142444  , -0.23569027,
+            -0.18722578, -0.18722578, -0.169288  , -0.17675498, -0.26444152,
+            -0.26444152, -0.189939  , -0.169288  , -0.64526275, -0.18455132,
+            -0.3735026 , -0.21933056, -0.21933056, -0.20410641, -0.28416602,
+            -0.35772404, -0.23910582, -0.189939  , -0.142444  , -0.14450826,
+            1.38125991,  2.42084442, -0.16213645, -0.27216147, -0.14450826,
+            -0.17174127, -0.23569027, -0.14872695, -0.13447767, -0.30099975,
+            -0.35772404, -0.22900483, -0.13642648, -0.12335569, -0.17174127,
+            -0.4071783 , -0.29246179, -0.17174127, -0.33771794, -0.21619749,
+            -0.28416602, -0.28828407, -0.38997712, -0.14660243, -0.13840353,
+            -0.11814455, -0.22250903, -0.10682532,  4.06361781, -0.142444  ,
+            -0.11479334, -0.36816723, -0.18191506, -0.1325567 , -0.21933056,
+            -0.23910582, -0.33289374, -0.16213645, -0.20410641, -0.16448609,
+            -0.19269154, -0.52754269,  2.52762346, -0.142444  ,  1.28538406,
+            -0.25327023, -0.14450826, -0.47018591,  4.89940505, -0.47018591,
+            -0.43129917, -0.11814455, -0.18455132, -0.3142763 , -0.16686977,
+            -0.4071783 ,  1.64156241, -0.33771794, -0.21006498, -1.6439517 ,
+            -0.26827373, -0.21006498, -0.189939  , -0.29246179, -0.28416602,
+            -0.42513819,  6.53301013,  3.18191348, -0.16448609, -0.87288109,
+            -0.30978696, -0.18455132, -0.169288  , -0.189939  , -0.13840353,
+             3.32226189, -0.21933056, -0.28010679, -0.17931646, -0.21933056,
+            -0.30099975,  1.44218477, -0.1530688 , -0.16448609, -0.19269154,
+            -0.41906522, -0.23569027, -0.23569027,  0.93662539, -0.4980393 ,
+            -0.13840353, -0.12514332, -0.12695686, -0.14450826, -0.1575374 ,
+            -0.16448609, -0.35772404, -0.24608613, -0.2323235 , -0.32813846,
+            5.57673284, -0.23569027, -0.12695686, -0.28416602, -0.25327023,
+            -0.43129917, -0.29246179, -0.1530688 , -0.20706426, -0.22573357,
+            -0.17174127, -0.21933056, -0.19269154, -0.20706426, -0.39562855,
+            -0.33289374, -0.26066405,  1.44218477, -0.33289374, -0.99355423,
+            -0.29246179, -0.25327023, -0.25327023, -0.23910582, -0.24608613,
+            -0.27216147, -0.36816723, -0.48391225, -0.16686977, -0.20119082,
+            -0.16448609,  0.49021146, -0.20706426, -0.17931646, -0.29246179,
+            -0.14040923, -0.142444  , -0.11814455, -0.29246179,  4.06361781,
+            -0.25327023, -0.14660243, -0.27216147, -0.22250903, -0.21619749,
+            3.6218033 , -0.20410641, -0.25694055, -0.23910582, -0.22900483,
+            -0.92458976, -0.32813846, -0.21933056, -0.27610555, -0.14040923,
+            -0.3735026 , -0.3735026 , -0.23910582, -0.13447767, -0.17931646,
+            -0.27216147, -0.1575374 , -0.38997712, -0.4980393 , -0.18455132,
+            -2.19209332])
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(results.resid_anscombe, 
+            [-0.31237627, -0.3036605 , -0.25978208, -0.40240831, -0.47552289,
+            -0.43149255, -0.33053793, -0.85617194, -0.41962951,  0.50181328,
+            -1.0954382 ,  1.66940149, -0.38048321, -0.3259044 , -0.21280762,
+            -0.34971301, -0.21896842, -0.27890356, -0.2454118 , -0.34482158,
+            -0.90063409,  2.80452413, -0.27890356, -0.61652596, -0.37518169,
+            -0.19255932, -0.2158664 , -0.18713159, -0.74270558, -0.3259044 ,
+            -0.21896842, -0.35467084, -0.2672722 , -0.2454118 , -0.18447466,
+            -0.90063409,  2.05763941, -0.41381347, -0.53089521,  1.88552083,
+            -1.60654218, -0.2454118 , -0.22211425, -0.40807333, -0.3647888 ,
+            -0.95861559, -0.16218047, -0.19255932, -0.88935802, -0.2454118 ,
+            -0.65930821, -0.2454118 , -0.20099345, -0.24892975,  2.28774016,
+            1.85167195, -0.30798858, -0.38585584, -0.40807333, -0.43149255,
+            2.65398426, -0.2910267 , -0.20681747, -0.18713159, -0.2910267 ,
+            -0.26350118, -0.2454118 , -0.26350118, -0.41962951, -0.16689207,
+             1.95381191, -0.50251231, -0.38048321, -0.48214234, -0.17927213,
+            -0.20681747, -0.40240831, -0.25611424, -0.41962951, -0.64189694,
+            -0.48214234, -0.2158664 ,  2.18071204, -0.2672722 , -0.20681747,
+            -0.62488429, -0.30798858, -0.27497271, -0.21896842, -0.25978208,
+            -0.23514749, -0.57618899, -0.27109582, -0.30798858, -0.50947546,
+            -0.40807333, -0.37518169, -0.22211425, -0.39130036, -0.25978208,
+            -0.41381347, -0.2385213 , -0.19533116, -0.92350689, -0.22211425,
+            -0.28288904, -0.28692985,  1.5730846 , -0.20388497, -0.28288904,
+            -0.40807333, -0.31237627, -0.3036605 , -0.28692985, -0.27109582,
+            -0.20388497, -0.28692985, -0.37518169, -0.27890356, -0.25978208,
+            -0.26350118, -0.40240831, -0.2454118 , -0.2454118 , -0.26350118,
+            -0.22530448, -0.57618899, -0.46253505, -0.21280762, -0.34971301,
+            -0.27890356, -0.27890356, -0.25249702, -0.26350118, -0.39130036,
+            -0.39130036, -0.28288904, -0.25249702, -0.90063409, -0.27497271,
+            -0.5456246 , -0.3259044 , -0.3259044 , -0.3036605 , -0.41962951,
+            -0.52366614, -0.35467084, -0.28288904, -0.21280762, -0.2158664 ,
+            1.63703418,  2.30570989, -0.24194253, -0.40240831, -0.2158664 ,
+            -0.25611424, -0.34971301, -0.22211425, -0.20099345, -0.44366892,
+            -0.52366614, -0.33999576, -0.20388497, -0.18447466, -0.25611424,
+            -0.59203547, -0.43149255, -0.25611424, -0.49563627, -0.32133344,
+            -0.41962951, -0.42552227, -0.56840788, -0.21896842, -0.20681747,
+            -0.17672552, -0.33053793, -0.15987433,  2.9768074 , -0.21280762,
+            -0.17173916, -0.53821445, -0.27109582, -0.19814236, -0.3259044 ,
+            -0.35467084, -0.48884654, -0.24194253, -0.3036605 , -0.2454118 ,
+            -0.28692985, -0.75249089,  2.35983933, -0.21280762,  1.55726719,
+            -0.37518169, -0.2158664 , -0.67712261,  3.23165236, -0.67712261,
+            -0.62488429, -0.17672552, -0.27497271, -0.46253505, -0.24892975,
+            -0.59203547,  1.83482464, -0.49563627, -0.31237627, -1.83652534,
+            -0.39681759, -0.31237627, -0.28288904, -0.43149255, -0.41962951,
+            -0.61652596,  3.63983609,  2.65398426, -0.2454118 , -1.16171662,
+            -0.45616505, -0.27497271, -0.25249702, -0.28288904, -0.20681747,
+            2.71015945, -0.3259044 , -0.41381347, -0.2672722 , -0.3259044 ,
+            -0.44366892,  1.68567947, -0.22853969, -0.2454118 , -0.28692985,
+            -0.60826548, -0.34971301, -0.34971301,  1.2290223 , -0.71397735,
+            -0.20681747, -0.18713159, -0.1898263 , -0.2158664 , -0.23514749,
+            -0.2454118 , -0.52366614, -0.3647888 , -0.34482158, -0.48214234,
+            3.41271513, -0.34971301, -0.1898263 , -0.41962951, -0.37518169,
+            -0.62488429, -0.43149255, -0.22853969, -0.30798858, -0.3352348 ,
+            -0.25611424, -0.3259044 , -0.28692985, -0.30798858, -0.57618899,
+            -0.48884654, -0.38585584,  1.68567947, -0.48884654, -1.28709718,
+            -0.43149255, -0.37518169, -0.37518169, -0.35467084, -0.3647888 ,
+            -0.40240831, -0.53821445, -0.69534436, -0.24892975, -0.29939131,
+            -0.2454118 ,  0.70366797, -0.30798858, -0.2672722 , -0.43149255,
+            -0.2097915 , -0.21280762, -0.17672552, -0.43149255,  2.9768074 ,
+            -0.37518169, -0.21896842, -0.40240831, -0.33053793, -0.32133344,
+            2.82351017, -0.3036605 , -0.38048321, -0.35467084, -0.33999576,
+            -1.21650102, -0.48214234, -0.3259044 , -0.40807333, -0.2097915 ,
+            -0.5456246 , -0.5456246 , -0.35467084, -0.20099345, -0.2672722 ,
+            -0.40240831, -0.23514749, -0.56840788, -0.71397735, -0.27497271,
+            -2.18250381])
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(results.resid_deviance, 
+            [-0.29387552, -0.2857098 , -0.24455876, -0.37803944, -0.44609851,
+            -0.40514674, -0.31088148, -0.79449324, -0.39409528,  0.47049798,
+            -1.00668653,  1.48698001, -0.35757692, -0.30654405, -0.20043547,
+            -0.32882173, -0.20622595, -0.26249995, -0.23106769, -0.32424676,
+            -0.83437766,  2.28941155, -0.26249995, -0.57644334, -0.35262564,
+            -0.18139734, -0.20331052, -0.17629229, -0.69186337, -0.30654405,
+            -0.20622595, -0.33345774, -0.251588  , -0.23106769, -0.17379306,
+            -0.83437766,  1.78479093, -0.38867448, -0.4974393 ,  1.65565332,
+            -1.43660134, -0.23106769, -0.20918228, -0.38332275, -0.34291558,
+            -0.88609006, -0.15281596, -0.18139734, -0.82428104, -0.23106769,
+            -0.61571821, -0.23106769, -0.18932865, -0.234371  ,  1.94999969,
+            1.62970871, -0.2897651 , -0.36259328, -0.38332275, -0.40514674,
+            2.19506559, -0.27386827, -0.19480442, -0.17629229, -0.27386827,
+            -0.24804925, -0.23106769, -0.24804925, -0.39409528, -0.15725009,
+            1.7074519 , -0.47114617, -0.35757692, -0.4522457 , -0.16889886,
+            -0.19480442, -0.37803944, -0.24111595, -0.39409528, -0.59975102,
+            -0.4522457 , -0.20331052,  1.87422489, -0.251588  , -0.19480442,
+            -0.5841272 , -0.2897651 , -0.25881274, -0.20622595, -0.24455876,
+            -0.22142749, -0.53929061, -0.25517563, -0.2897651 , -0.47760126,
+            -0.38332275, -0.35262564, -0.20918228, -0.36767536, -0.24455876,
+            -0.38867448, -0.2245965 , -0.18400413, -0.85481866, -0.20918228,
+            -0.26623785, -0.27002708,  1.40955093, -0.19204738, -0.26623785,
+            -0.38332275, -0.29387552, -0.2857098 , -0.27002708, -0.25517563,
+            -0.19204738, -0.27002708, -0.35262564, -0.26249995, -0.24455876,
+            -0.24804925, -0.37803944, -0.23106769, -0.23106769, -0.24804925,
+            -0.21218006, -0.53929061, -0.43402996, -0.20043547, -0.32882173,
+            -0.26249995, -0.26249995, -0.23772023, -0.24804925, -0.36767536,
+            -0.36767536, -0.26623785, -0.23772023, -0.83437766, -0.25881274,
+            -0.51106408, -0.30654405, -0.30654405, -0.2857098 , -0.39409528,
+            -0.49074728, -0.33345774, -0.26623785, -0.20043547, -0.20331052,
+            1.46111186,  1.96253843, -0.22780971, -0.37803944, -0.20331052,
+            -0.24111595, -0.32882173, -0.20918228, -0.18932865, -0.41648237,
+            -0.49074728, -0.31973217, -0.19204738, -0.17379306, -0.24111595,
+            -0.55389988, -0.40514674, -0.24111595, -0.46476893, -0.30226435,
+            -0.39409528, -0.39958581, -0.53211065, -0.20622595, -0.19480442,
+            -0.16650295, -0.31088148, -0.15064545,  2.39288231, -0.20043547,
+            -0.16181126, -0.5042114 , -0.25517563, -0.18664773, -0.30654405,
+            -0.33345774, -0.45846897, -0.22780971, -0.2857098 , -0.23106769,
+            -0.27002708, -0.7007597 ,  1.99998811, -0.20043547,  1.39670618,
+            -0.35262564, -0.20331052, -0.63203077,  2.53733821, -0.63203077,
+            -0.5841272 , -0.16650295, -0.25881274, -0.43402996, -0.234371  ,
+            -0.55389988,  1.61672923, -0.46476893, -0.29387552, -1.61804148,
+            -0.37282386, -0.29387552, -0.26623785, -0.40514674, -0.39409528,
+            -0.57644334,  2.74841605,  2.19506559, -0.23106769, -1.06433539,
+            -0.42810736, -0.25881274, -0.23772023, -0.26623785, -0.19480442,
+            2.23070414, -0.30654405, -0.38867448, -0.251588  , -0.30654405,
+            -0.41648237,  1.49993075, -0.21521982, -0.23106769, -0.27002708,
+            -0.5688444 , -0.32882173, -0.32882173,  1.12233423, -0.66569789,
+            -0.19480442, -0.17629229, -0.17882689, -0.20331052, -0.22142749,
+            -0.23106769, -0.49074728, -0.34291558, -0.32424676, -0.4522457 ,
+            2.63395309, -0.32882173, -0.17882689, -0.39409528, -0.35262564,
+            -0.5841272 , -0.40514674, -0.21521982, -0.2897651 , -0.3152773 ,
+            -0.24111595, -0.30654405, -0.27002708, -0.2897651 , -0.53929061,
+            -0.45846897, -0.36259328,  1.49993075, -0.45846897, -1.17192274,
+            -0.40514674, -0.35262564, -0.35262564, -0.33345774, -0.34291558,
+            -0.37803944, -0.5042114 , -0.64869028, -0.234371  , -0.28170899,
+            -0.23106769,  0.65629132, -0.2897651 , -0.251588  , -0.40514674,
+            -0.19760028, -0.20043547, -0.16650295, -0.40514674,  2.39288231,
+            -0.35262564, -0.20622595, -0.37803944, -0.31088148, -0.30226435,
+            2.30104857, -0.2857098 , -0.35757692, -0.33345774, -0.31973217,
+            -1.11158678, -0.4522457 , -0.30654405, -0.38332275, -0.19760028,
+            -0.51106408, -0.51106408, -0.33345774, -0.18932865, -0.251588  ,
+            -0.37803944, -0.22142749, -0.53211065, -0.66569789, -0.25881274,
+            -1.87550882])
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(results.null, 
+            [ 0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,
+            0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,
+            0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,
+            0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,
+            0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,
+            0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,
+            0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,
+            0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,
+            0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,
+            0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,
+            0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,
+            0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,
+            0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,
+            0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,
+            0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,
+            0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,
+            0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,
+            0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,
+            0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,
+            0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,
+            0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,
+            0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,
+            0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,
+            0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,
+            0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,
+            0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,
+            0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,
+            0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,
+            0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,
+            0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,
+            0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,
+            0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,
+            0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,
+            0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,
+            0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,
+            0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,
+            0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,
+            0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,
+            0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,
+            0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,
+            0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,
+            0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,
+            0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,
+            0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,
+            0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,
+            0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,
+            0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,
+            0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,
+            0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,
+            0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,
+            0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,
+            0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,
+            0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,
+            0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,
+            0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,
+            0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,
+            0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,
+            0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,
+            0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,
+            0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,
+            0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,
+            0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,
+            0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,  0.08860759,
+            0.08860759])
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(results.D2, .200712816165)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(results.adj_D2, 0.19816731557930456)
+
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+	unittest.main()

release/python/0.8.0/crankshaft/crankshaft/regression/glm/utils.py

@@ -0,0 +1,350 @@
+
+from __future__ import absolute_import, print_function
+import numpy as np
+import warnings
+
+
+def _bit_length_26(x):
+    if x == 0:
+        return 0
+    elif x == 1:
+        return 1
+    else:
+        return len(bin(x)) - 2
+
+
+try:
+    from scipy.lib._version import NumpyVersion
+except ImportError:
+    import re
+    string_types = basestring 
+
+    class NumpyVersion():
+        """Parse and compare numpy version strings.
+        Numpy has the following versioning scheme (numbers given are examples; they
+        can be >9) in principle):
+        - Released version: '1.8.0', '1.8.1', etc.
+        - Alpha: '1.8.0a1', '1.8.0a2', etc.
+        - Beta: '1.8.0b1', '1.8.0b2', etc.
+        - Release candidates: '1.8.0rc1', '1.8.0rc2', etc.
+        - Development versions: '1.8.0.dev-f1234afa' (git commit hash appended)
+        - Development versions after a1: '1.8.0a1.dev-f1234afa',
+                                        '1.8.0b2.dev-f1234afa',
+                                        '1.8.1rc1.dev-f1234afa', etc.
+        - Development versions (no git hash available): '1.8.0.dev-Unknown'
+        Comparing needs to be done against a valid version string or other
+        `NumpyVersion` instance.
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        vstring : str
+            Numpy version string (``np.__version__``).
+        Notes
+        -----
+        All dev versions of the same (pre-)release compare equal.
+        Examples
+        --------
+        >>> from scipy.lib._version import NumpyVersion
+        >>> if NumpyVersion(np.__version__) < '1.7.0':
+        ...     print('skip')
+        skip
+        >>> NumpyVersion('1.7')  # raises ValueError, add ".0"
+        """
+
+        def __init__(self, vstring):
+            self.vstring = vstring
+            ver_main = re.match(r'\d[.]\d+[.]\d+', vstring)
+            if not ver_main:
+                raise ValueError("Not a valid numpy version string")
+
+            self.version = ver_main.group()
+            self.major, self.minor, self.bugfix = [int(x) for x in
+                                                   self.version.split('.')]
+            if len(vstring) == ver_main.end():
+                self.pre_release = 'final'
+            else:
+                alpha = re.match(r'a\d', vstring[ver_main.end():])
+                beta = re.match(r'b\d', vstring[ver_main.end():])
+                rc = re.match(r'rc\d', vstring[ver_main.end():])
+                pre_rel = [m for m in [alpha, beta, rc] if m is not None]
+                if pre_rel:
+                    self.pre_release = pre_rel[0].group()
+                else:
+                    self.pre_release = ''
+
+            self.is_devversion = bool(re.search(r'.dev-', vstring))
+
+        def _compare_version(self, other):
+            """Compare major.minor.bugfix"""
+            if self.major == other.major:
+                if self.minor == other.minor:
+                    if self.bugfix == other.bugfix:
+                        vercmp = 0
+                    elif self.bugfix > other.bugfix:
+                        vercmp = 1
+                    else:
+                        vercmp = -1
+                elif self.minor > other.minor:
+                    vercmp = 1
+                else:
+                    vercmp = -1
+            elif self.major > other.major:
+                vercmp = 1
+            else:
+                vercmp = -1
+
+            return vercmp
+
+        def _compare_pre_release(self, other):
+            """Compare alpha/beta/rc/final."""
+            if self.pre_release == other.pre_release:
+                vercmp = 0
+            elif self.pre_release == 'final':
+                vercmp = 1
+            elif other.pre_release == 'final':
+                vercmp = -1
+            elif self.pre_release > other.pre_release:
+                vercmp = 1
+            else:
+                vercmp = -1
+
+            return vercmp
+
+        def _compare(self, other):
+            if not isinstance(other, (string_types, NumpyVersion)):
+                raise ValueError("Invalid object to compare with NumpyVersion.")
+
+            if isinstance(other, string_types):
+                other = NumpyVersion(other)
+
+            vercmp = self._compare_version(other)
+            if vercmp == 0:
+                # Same x.y.z version, check for alpha/beta/rc
+                vercmp = self._compare_pre_release(other)
+                if vercmp == 0:
+                    # Same version and same pre-release, check if dev version
+                    if self.is_devversion is other.is_devversion:
+                        vercmp = 0
+                    elif self.is_devversion:
+                        vercmp = -1
+                    else:
+                        vercmp = 1
+
+            return vercmp
+
+        def __lt__(self, other):
+            return self._compare(other) < 0
+
+        def __le__(self, other):
+            return self._compare(other) <= 0
+
+        def __eq__(self, other):
+            return self._compare(other) == 0
+
+        def __ne__(self, other):
+            return self._compare(other) != 0
+
+        def __gt__(self, other):
+            return self._compare(other) > 0
+
+        def __ge__(self, other):
+            return self._compare(other) >= 0
+
+        def __repr(self):
+            return "NumpyVersion(%s)" % self.vstring
+
+
+def _next_regular(target):
+    """
+    Find the next regular number greater than or equal to target.
+    Regular numbers are composites of the prime factors 2, 3, and 5.
+    Also known as 5-smooth numbers or Hamming numbers, these are the optimal
+    size for inputs to FFTPACK.
+    Target must be a positive integer.
+    """
+    if target <= 6:
+        return target
+
+    # Quickly check if it's already a power of 2
+    if not (target & (target - 1)):
+        return target
+
+    match = float('inf')  # Anything found will be smaller
+    p5 = 1
+    while p5 < target:
+        p35 = p5
+        while p35 < target:
+            # Ceiling integer division, avoiding conversion to float
+            # (quotient = ceil(target / p35))
+            quotient = -(-target // p35)
+            # Quickly find next power of 2 >= quotient
+            try:
+                p2 = 2 ** ((quotient - 1).bit_length())
+            except AttributeError:
+                # Fallback for Python <2.7
+                p2 = 2 ** _bit_length_26(quotient - 1)
+
+            N = p2 * p35
+            if N == target:
+                return N
+            elif N < match:
+                match = N
+            p35 *= 3
+            if p35 == target:
+                return p35
+        if p35 < match:
+            match = p35
+        p5 *= 5
+        if p5 == target:
+            return p5
+    if p5 < match:
+        match = p5
+    return match
+if NumpyVersion(np.__version__) >= '1.7.1':
+    np_matrix_rank = np.linalg.matrix_rank
+else:
+    def np_matrix_rank(M, tol=None):
+        """
+        Return matrix rank of array using SVD method
+        Rank of the array is the number of SVD singular values of the array that are
+        greater than `tol`.
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        M : {(M,), (M, N)} array_like
+            array of <=2 dimensions
+        tol : {None, float}, optional
+        threshold below which SVD values are considered zero. If `tol` is
+        None, and ``S`` is an array with singular values for `M`, and
+        ``eps`` is the epsilon value for datatype of ``S``, then `tol` is
+        set to ``S.max() * max(M.shape) * eps``.
+        Notes
+        -----
+        The default threshold to detect rank deficiency is a test on the magnitude
+        of the singular values of `M`.  By default, we identify singular values less
+        than ``S.max() * max(M.shape) * eps`` as indicating rank deficiency (with
+        the symbols defined above). This is the algorithm MATLAB uses [1].  It also
+        appears in *Numerical recipes* in the discussion of SVD solutions for linear
+        least squares [2].
+        This default threshold is designed to detect rank deficiency accounting for
+        the numerical errors of the SVD computation.  Imagine that there is a column
+        in `M` that is an exact (in floating point) linear combination of other
+        columns in `M`. Computing the SVD on `M` will not produce a singular value
+        exactly equal to 0 in general: any difference of the smallest SVD value from
+        0 will be caused by numerical imprecision in the calculation of the SVD.
+        Our threshold for small SVD values takes this numerical imprecision into
+        account, and the default threshold will detect such numerical rank
+        deficiency.  The threshold may declare a matrix `M` rank deficient even if
+        the linear combination of some columns of `M` is not exactly equal to
+        another column of `M` but only numerically very close to another column of
+        `M`.
+        We chose our default threshold because it is in wide use.  Other thresholds
+        are possible.  For example, elsewhere in the 2007 edition of *Numerical
+        recipes* there is an alternative threshold of ``S.max() *
+        np.finfo(M.dtype).eps / 2. * np.sqrt(m + n + 1.)``. The authors describe
+        this threshold as being based on "expected roundoff error" (p 71).
+        The thresholds above deal with floating point roundoff error in the
+        calculation of the SVD.  However, you may have more information about the
+        sources of error in `M` that would make you consider other tolerance values
+        to detect *effective* rank deficiency.  The most useful measure of the
+        tolerance depends on the operations you intend to use on your matrix.  For
+        example, if your data come from uncertain measurements with uncertainties
+        greater than floating point epsilon, choosing a tolerance near that
+        uncertainty may be preferable.  The tolerance may be absolute if the
+        uncertainties are absolute rather than relative.
+        References
+        ----------
+        .. [1] MATLAB reference documention, "Rank"
+            http://www.mathworks.com/help/techdoc/ref/rank.html
+        .. [2] W. H. Press, S. A. Teukolsky, W. T. Vetterling and B. P. Flannery,
+            "Numerical Recipes (3rd edition)", Cambridge University Press, 2007,
+            page 795.
+        Examples
+        --------
+        >>> from numpy.linalg import matrix_rank
+        >>> matrix_rank(np.eye(4)) # Full rank matrix
+        4
+        >>> I=np.eye(4); I[-1,-1] = 0. # rank deficient matrix
+        >>> matrix_rank(I)
+        3
+        >>> matrix_rank(np.ones((4,))) # 1 dimension - rank 1 unless all 0
+        1
+        >>> matrix_rank(np.zeros((4,)))
+        0
+        """
+        M = np.asarray(M)
+        if M.ndim > 2:
+            raise TypeError('array should have 2 or fewer dimensions')
+        if M.ndim < 2:
+            return int(not all(M == 0))
+        S = np.linalg.svd(M, compute_uv=False)
+        if tol is None:
+            tol = S.max() * max(M.shape) * np.finfo(S.dtype).eps
+        return np.sum(S > tol)
+
+
+
+class CacheWriteWarning(UserWarning):
+    pass
+
+class CachedAttribute(object):
+
+    def __init__(self, func, cachename=None, resetlist=None):
+        self.fget = func
+        self.name = func.__name__
+        self.cachename = cachename or '_cache'
+        self.resetlist = resetlist or ()
+
+    def __get__(self, obj, type=None):
+        if obj is None:
+            return self.fget
+        # Get the cache or set a default one if needed
+        _cachename = self.cachename
+        _cache = getattr(obj, _cachename, None)
+        if _cache is None:
+            setattr(obj, _cachename, resettable_cache())
+            _cache = getattr(obj, _cachename)
+        # Get the name of the attribute to set and cache
+        name = self.name
+        _cachedval = _cache.get(name, None)
+        # print("[_cachedval=%s]" % _cachedval)
+        if _cachedval is None:
+            # Call the "fget" function
+            _cachedval = self.fget(obj)
+            # Set the attribute in obj
+            # print("Setting %s in cache to %s" % (name, _cachedval))
+            try:
+                _cache[name] = _cachedval
+            except KeyError:
+                setattr(_cache, name, _cachedval)
+            # Update the reset list if needed (and possible)
+            resetlist = self.resetlist
+            if resetlist is not ():
+                try:
+                    _cache._resetdict[name] = self.resetlist
+                except AttributeError:
+                    pass
+        # else:
+        # print("Reading %s from cache (%s)" % (name, _cachedval))
+        return _cachedval
+
+    def __set__(self, obj, value):
+        errmsg = "The attribute '%s' cannot be overwritten" % self.name
+        warnings.warn(errmsg, CacheWriteWarning)
+
+
+class _cache_readonly(object):
+    """
+    Decorator for CachedAttribute
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, cachename=None, resetlist=None):
+        self.func = None
+        self.cachename = cachename
+        self.resetlist = resetlist or None
+
+    def __call__(self, func):
+        return CachedAttribute(func,
+                               cachename=self.cachename,
+                               resetlist=self.resetlist)
+cache_readonly = _cache_readonly()
+
+

release/python/0.8.0/crankshaft/crankshaft/regression/glm/varfuncs.py

@@ -0,0 +1,284 @@
+"""
+Variance functions for use with the link functions in statsmodels.family.links
+"""
+
+__docformat__ = 'restructuredtext'
+
+import numpy as np
+FLOAT_EPS = np.finfo(float).eps
+
+class VarianceFunction(object):
+    """
+    Relates the variance of a random variable to its mean. Defaults to 1.
+
+    Methods
+    -------
+    call
+        Returns an array of ones that is the same shape as `mu`
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    After a variance function is initialized, its call method can be used.
+
+    Alias for VarianceFunction:
+    constant = VarianceFunction()
+
+    See also
+    --------
+    statsmodels.family.family
+    """
+
+    def __call__(self, mu):
+        """
+        Default variance function
+
+        Parameters
+        -----------
+        mu : array-like
+            mean parameters
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        v : array
+            ones(mu.shape)
+        """
+        mu = np.asarray(mu)
+        return np.ones(mu.shape, np.float64)
+
+
+    def deriv(self, mu):
+        """
+        Derivative of the variance function v'(mu)
+        """
+        from statsmodels.tools.numdiff import approx_fprime_cs
+        # TODO: diag workaround proplem with numdiff for 1d
+        return np.diag(approx_fprime_cs(mu, self))
+
+
+constant = VarianceFunction()
+constant.__doc__ = """
+The call method of constant returns a constant variance, i.e., a vector of ones.
+
+constant is an alias of VarianceFunction()
+"""
+
+class Power(object):
+    """
+    Power variance function
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    power : float
+        exponent used in power variance function
+
+    Methods
+    -------
+    call
+        Returns the power variance
+
+    Formulas
+    --------
+    V(mu) = numpy.fabs(mu)**power
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    Aliases for Power:
+    mu = Power()
+    mu_squared = Power(power=2)
+    mu_cubed = Power(power=3)
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, power=1.):
+        self.power = power
+
+    def __call__(self, mu):
+        """
+        Power variance function
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        mu : array-like
+            mean parameters
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        variance : array
+            numpy.fabs(mu)**self.power
+        """
+        return np.power(np.fabs(mu), self.power)
+
+
+    def deriv(self, mu):
+        """
+        Derivative of the variance function v'(mu)
+        """
+        from statsmodels.tools.numdiff import approx_fprime_cs, approx_fprime
+        #return approx_fprime_cs(mu, self)  # TODO fix breaks in `fabs
+        # TODO: diag is workaround problem with numdiff for 1d
+        return np.diag(approx_fprime(mu, self))
+
+
+mu = Power()
+mu.__doc__ = """
+Returns np.fabs(mu)
+
+Notes
+-----
+This is an alias of Power()
+"""
+mu_squared = Power(power=2)
+mu_squared.__doc__ = """
+Returns np.fabs(mu)**2
+
+Notes
+-----
+This is an alias of statsmodels.family.links.Power(power=2)
+"""
+mu_cubed = Power(power=3)
+mu_cubed.__doc__ = """
+Returns np.fabs(mu)**3
+
+Notes
+-----
+This is an alias of statsmodels.family.links.Power(power=3)
+"""
+
+class Binomial(object):
+    """
+    Binomial variance function
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    n : int, optional
+        The number of trials for a binomial variable.  The default is 1 for
+        p in (0,1)
+
+    Methods
+    -------
+    call
+        Returns the binomial variance
+
+    Formulas
+    --------
+    V(mu) = p * (1 - p) * n
+
+    where p = mu / n
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    Alias for Binomial:
+    binary = Binomial()
+
+    A private method _clean trims the data by machine epsilon so that p is
+    in (0,1)
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, n=1):
+        self.n = n
+
+    def _clean(self, p):
+        return np.clip(p, FLOAT_EPS, 1 - FLOAT_EPS)
+
+    def __call__(self, mu):
+        """
+        Binomial variance function
+
+        Parameters
+        -----------
+        mu : array-like
+            mean parameters
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        variance : array
+           variance = mu/n * (1 - mu/n) * self.n
+        """
+        p = self._clean(mu / self.n)
+        return p * (1 - p) * self.n
+
+    #TODO: inherit from super
+    def deriv(self, mu):
+        """
+        Derivative of the variance function v'(mu)
+        """
+        from statsmodels.tools.numdiff import approx_fprime_cs, approx_fprime
+        # TODO: diag workaround proplem with numdiff for 1d
+        return np.diag(approx_fprime_cs(mu, self))
+
+
+binary = Binomial()
+binary.__doc__ = """
+The binomial variance function for n = 1
+
+Notes
+-----
+This is an alias of Binomial(n=1)
+"""
+
+class NegativeBinomial(object):
+    '''
+    Negative binomial variance function
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    alpha : float
+        The ancillary parameter for the negative binomial variance function.
+        `alpha` is assumed to be nonstochastic.  The default is 1.
+
+    Methods
+    -------
+    call
+        Returns the negative binomial variance
+
+    Formulas
+    --------
+    V(mu) = mu + alpha*mu**2
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    Alias for NegativeBinomial:
+    nbinom = NegativeBinomial()
+
+    A private method _clean trims the data by machine epsilon so that p is
+    in (0,inf)
+    '''
+
+    def __init__(self, alpha=1.):
+        self.alpha = alpha
+
+    def _clean(self, p):
+        return np.clip(p, FLOAT_EPS, np.inf)
+
+    def __call__(self, mu):
+        """
+        Negative binomial variance function
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        mu : array-like
+            mean parameters
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        variance : array
+            variance = mu + alpha*mu**2
+        """
+        p = self._clean(mu)
+        return p + self.alpha*p**2
+
+    def deriv(self, mu):
+        """
+        Derivative of the negative binomial variance function.
+        """
+
+        p = self._clean(mu)
+        return 1 + 2 * self.alpha * p
+
+nbinom = NegativeBinomial()
+nbinom.__doc__ = """
+Negative Binomial variance function.
+
+Notes
+-----
+This is an alias of NegativeBinomial(alpha=1.)
+"""

release/python/0.8.0/crankshaft/crankshaft/regression/gwr/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+from base import *

release/python/0.8.0/crankshaft/crankshaft/regression/gwr/base/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+import gwr
+import sel_bw
+import diagnostics
+import kernels

release/python/0.8.0/crankshaft/crankshaft/regression/gwr/base/diagnostics.py

@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+"""
+Diagnostics for estimated gwr modesl
+"""
+__author__ = "Taylor Oshan tayoshan@gmail.com"
+
+import numpy as np
+from crankshaft.regression.glm.family import Gaussian, Poisson, Binomial
+
+def get_AICc(gwr):
+    """
+    Get AICc value
+    
+    Gaussian: p61, (2.33), Fotheringham, Brunsdon and Charlton (2002)
+    
+    GWGLM: AICc=AIC+2k(k+1)/(n-k-1), Nakaya et al. (2005): p2704, (36)
+
+    """
+    n = gwr.n
+    k = gwr.tr_S
+    if isinstance(gwr.family, Gaussian):
+        aicc = -2.0*gwr.llf + 2.0*n*(k + 1.0)/(n-k-2.0)  
+    elif isinstance(gwr.family, (Poisson, Binomial)):
+        aicc = get_AIC(gwr) + 2.0 * k * (k+1.0) / (n - k - 1.0) 
+    return aicc
+
+def get_AIC(gwr):
+    """
+    Get AIC calue
+
+    Gaussian: p96, (4.22), Fotheringham, Brunsdon and Charlton (2002)
+
+    GWGLM:  AIC(G)=D(G) + 2K(G), where D and K denote the deviance and the effective
+    number of parameters in the model with bandwidth G, respectively.
+    
+    """   
+    k = gwr.tr_S
+    #deviance = -2*log-likelihood
+    y = gwr.y
+    mu = gwr.mu
+    if isinstance(gwr.family, Gaussian):
+        aic = -2.0 * gwr.llf + 2.0 * (k+1)
+    elif isinstance(gwr.family, (Poisson, Binomial)):
+        aic = np.sum(gwr.family.resid_dev(y, mu)**2) + 2.0 * k
+    return aic 
+
+def get_BIC(gwr):
+    """
+    Get BIC value
+
+    Gaussian: p61 (2.34), Fotheringham, Brunsdon and Charlton (2002)
+    BIC = -2log(L)+klog(n)
+
+    GWGLM: BIC = dev + tr_S * log(n)
+
+    """
+    n = gwr.n      # (scalar) number of observations
+    k = gwr.tr_S  
+    y = gwr.y
+    mu = gwr.mu
+    if isinstance(gwr.family, Gaussian):
+        bic = -2.0 * gwr.llf + (k+1) * np.log(n) 
+    elif isinstance(gwr.family, (Poisson, Binomial)):
+        bic = np.sum(gwr.family.resid_dev(y, mu)**2) + k * np.log(n)
+    return bic
+
+def get_CV(gwr):
+    """
+    Get CV value
+
+    Gaussian only
+
+    Methods: p60, (2.31) or p212 (9.4)
+    Fotheringham, A. S., Brunsdon, C., & Charlton, M. (2002).
+    Geographically weighted regression: the analysis of spatially varying relationships.
+    Modification: sum of residual squared is divided by n according to GWR4 results
+
+    """
+    aa = gwr.resid_response.reshape((-1,1))/(1.0-gwr.influ)
+    cv = np.sum(aa**2)/gwr.n
+    return cv
+

release/python/0.8.0/crankshaft/crankshaft/regression/gwr/base/kernels.py

@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+# GWR kernel function specifications
+
+__author__ = "Taylor Oshan tayoshan@gmail.com" 
+
+#from pysal.weights.Distance import Kernel 
+import scipy
+from scipy.spatial.kdtree import KDTree
+import numpy as np
+
+#adaptive specifications should be parameterized with nn-1 to match original gwr
+#implementation. That is, pysal counts self neighbors with knn automatically.
+
+def fix_gauss(coords, bw, points=None):
+    w = _Kernel(coords, function='gwr_gaussian', bandwidth=bw,
+            truncate=False, points=points)
+    return w.kernel
+
+def adapt_gauss(coords, nn, points=None):
+    w = _Kernel(coords, fixed=False, k=nn-1, function='gwr_gaussian',
+            truncate=False, points=points)
+    return w.kernel
+
+def fix_bisquare(coords, bw, points=None):
+    w = _Kernel(coords, function='bisquare', bandwidth=bw, points=points)
+    return w.kernel
+
+def adapt_bisquare(coords, nn, points=None):
+    w = _Kernel(coords, fixed=False, k=nn-1, function='bisquare', points=points)
+    return w.kernel
+
+def fix_exp(coords, bw, points=None):
+    w = _Kernel(coords, function='exponential', bandwidth=bw,
+            truncate=False, points=points)
+    return w.kernel
+
+def adapt_exp(coords, nn, points=None):
+    w = _Kernel(coords, fixed=False, k=nn-1, function='exponential',
+            truncate=False, points=points)
+    return w.kernel
+
+from scipy.spatial.distance import cdist
+
+class _Kernel(object):
+    """
+
+    """
+    def __init__(self, data, bandwidth=None, fixed=True, k=None,
+                 function='triangular', eps=1.0000001, ids=None, truncate=True, 
+                 points=None): #Added truncate flag
+        if issubclass(type(data), scipy.spatial.KDTree):
+            self.data = data.data
+            data = self.data
+        else:
+            self.data = data
+        if k is not None:
+            self.k = int(k) + 1
+        else:
+            self.k = k
+        if points is None:
+            self.dmat = cdist(self.data, self.data)
+        else:
+            self.points = points
+            self.dmat = cdist(self.points, self.data)
+        self.function = function.lower()
+        self.fixed = fixed
+        self.eps = eps
+        self.trunc = truncate
+        if bandwidth:
+            try:
+                bandwidth = np.array(bandwidth)
+                bandwidth.shape = (len(bandwidth), 1)
+            except:
+                bandwidth = np.ones((len(data), 1), 'float') * bandwidth
+            self.bandwidth = bandwidth
+        else:
+            self._set_bw()
+        self.kernel = self._kernel_funcs(self.dmat/self.bandwidth)
+        
+        if self.trunc:
+            mask = np.repeat(self.bandwidth, len(self.data), axis=1)
+            self.kernel[(self.dmat >= mask)] = 0
+
+    def _set_bw(self):
+        if self.k is not None:
+            dmat = np.sort(self.dmat)[:,:self.k]
+        else:
+            dmat = self.dmat
+        if self.fixed:
+            # use max knn distance as bandwidth
+            bandwidth = dmat.max() * self.eps
+            n = len(self.data)
+            self.bandwidth = np.ones((n, 1), 'float') * bandwidth
+        else:
+            # use local max knn distance
+            self.bandwidth = dmat.max(axis=1) * self.eps
+            self.bandwidth.shape = (self.bandwidth.size, 1)
+            
+
+    def _kernel_funcs(self, zs):
+        # functions follow Anselin and Rey (2010) table 5.4
+        if self.function == 'triangular':
+            return 1 - zs 
+        elif self.function == 'uniform':
+            return np.ones(zi.shape) * 0.5 
+        elif self.function == 'quadratic':
+            return (3. / 4) * (1 - zs ** 2) 
+        elif self.function == 'quartic':
+            return (15. / 16) * (1 - zs ** 2) ** 2 
+        elif self.function == 'gaussian':
+            c = np.pi * 2
+            c = c ** (-0.5)
+            return c * np.exp(-(zs ** 2) / 2.)
+        elif self.function == 'gwr_gaussian':
+            return np.exp(-0.5*(zs)**2)
+        elif self.function == 'bisquare':
+            return (1-(zs)**2)**2
+        elif self.function =='exponential':
+            return np.exp(-zs)
+        else:
+            print('Unsupported kernel function', self.function)

release/python/0.8.0/crankshaft/crankshaft/regression/gwr/base/search.py

@@ -0,0 +1,208 @@
+#Bandwidth optimization methods
+
+__author__ = "Taylor Oshan"
+
+import numpy as np
+
+def golden_section(a, c, delta, function, tol, max_iter, int_score=False):
+    """
+    Golden section search routine
+    Method: p212, 9.6.4
+    Fotheringham, A. S., Brunsdon, C., & Charlton, M. (2002).
+    Geographically weighted regression: the analysis of spatially varying relationships.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    a               : float
+                      initial max search section value
+    b               : float
+                      initial min search section value
+    delta           : float
+                      constant used to determine width of search sections
+    function        : function
+                      obejective function to be evaluated at different section
+                      values
+    int_score       : boolean
+                      False for float score, True for integer score
+    tol             : float
+                      tolerance used to determine convergence
+    max_iter        : integer
+                      maximum iterations if no convergence to tolerance
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    opt_val         : float
+                      optimal value
+    opt_score       : kernel
+                      optimal score
+    output          : list of tuples
+                      searching history
+    """
+    b = a + delta * np.abs(c-a)
+    d = c - delta * np.abs(c-a)
+    score = 0.0
+    diff = 1.0e9
+    iters  = 0
+    output = []
+    while np.abs(diff) > tol and iters < max_iter:
+        iters += 1
+        if int_score:
+        	b = np.round(b)
+        	d = np.round(d)
+
+        score_a = function(a)
+        score_b = function(b)
+        score_c = function(c)
+        score_d = function(d)
+        
+        if score_b <= score_d:
+            opt_val = b
+            opt_score = score_b
+            c = d
+            d = b
+            b = a + delta * np.abs(c-a)
+            #if int_score:
+                #b = np.round(b)
+        else:
+            opt_val = d
+            opt_score = score_d
+            a = b
+            b = d
+            d = c - delta * np.abs(c-a)
+            #if int_score:
+                #d = np.round(b)
+        
+        #if int_score:
+        #	opt_val = np.round(opt_val)
+        output.append((opt_val, opt_score))
+        diff = score_b - score_d
+        score = opt_score
+    return np.round(opt_val, 2), opt_score, output
+
+def equal_interval(l_bound, u_bound, interval, function, int_score=False):
+    """
+    Interval search, using interval as stepsize
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    l_bound         : float
+                      initial min search section value
+    u_bound         : float
+                      initial max search section value
+    interval        : float
+                      constant used to determine width of search sections
+    function        : function
+                      obejective function to be evaluated at different section
+                      values
+    int_score       : boolean
+                      False for float score, True for integer score
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    opt_val         : float
+                      optimal value
+    opt_score       : kernel
+                      optimal score
+    output          : list of tuples
+                      searching history
+    """
+    a = l_bound
+    c = u_bound
+    b = a + interval
+    if int_score:
+        a = np.round(a,0)
+        c = np.round(c,0)
+        b = np.round(b,0)
+    
+    output = []
+
+    score_a = function(a)
+    score_c = function(c)
+
+    output.append((a,score_a))
+    output.append((c,score_c))
+
+    if score_a < score_c:
+        opt_val = a
+        opt_score = score_a
+    else:
+        opt_val = c
+        opt_score = score_c
+
+    while b < c:
+        score_b = function(b)
+
+        output.append((b,score_b))
+
+        if score_b < opt_score:
+            opt_val = b
+            opt_score = score_b
+        b = b + interval
+
+    return opt_val, opt_score, output
+
+
+def flexible_bw(init, y, X, n, k, family, tol, max_iter, rss_score,
+        gwr_func, bw_func, sel_func):
+    if init:
+        bw = sel_func(bw_func(y, X))
+        print bw
+        optim_model = gwr_func(y, X, bw)
+        err = optim_model.resid_response.reshape((-1,1))
+        est = optim_model.params
+    else:
+        model = GLM(y, X, family=self.family, constant=False).fit()
+        err = model.resid_response.reshape((-1,1))
+        est = np.repeat(model.params.T, n, axis=0)
+        
+    
+    XB = np.multiply(est, X)
+    if rss_score:
+        rss = np.sum((err)**2)
+    iters = 0
+    scores = []
+    delta = 1e6
+    BWs = []
+    VALs = []
+
+    while delta > tol and iters < max_iter:
+        iters += 1
+        new_XB = np.zeros_like(X)
+        bws = []
+        vals = []
+        ests = np.zeros_like(X)
+        f_XB = XB.copy()
+        f_err = err.copy()
+        for i in range(k):
+            temp_y = XB[:,i].reshape((-1,1))
+            temp_y = temp_y + err
+            temp_X = X[:,i].reshape((-1,1))
+            bw_class = bw_func(temp_y, temp_X)
+            bw = sel_func(bw_class)
+            optim_model = gwr_func(temp_y, temp_X, bw)
+            err = optim_model.resid_response.reshape((-1,1))
+            est = optim_model.params.reshape((-1,))
+
+            new_XB[:,i] = np.multiply(est, temp_X.reshape((-1,)))
+            bws.append(bw)
+            ests[:,i] = est
+            vals.append(bw_class.bw[1])
+            
+        predy = np.sum(np.multiply(ests, X), axis=1).reshape((-1,1))
+        num = np.sum((new_XB - XB)**2)/n
+        den = np.sum(np.sum(new_XB, axis=1)**2)
+        score = (num/den)**0.5
+        XB = new_XB
+            
+        if rss_score:
+            new_rss = np.sum((y - predy)**2)
+            score = np.abs((new_rss - rss)/new_rss)
+            rss = new_rss
+        print score
+        scores.append(score)
+        delta = score
+        BWs.append(bws) 
+        VALs.append(vals)
+
+    opt_bws = BWs[-1]
+    return opt_bws, np.array(BWs), np.array(VALs), np.array(scores), f_XB, f_err

release/python/0.8.0/crankshaft/crankshaft/regression/gwr/base/sel_bw.py

@@ -0,0 +1,286 @@
+# GWR Bandwidth selection class
+
+#Thinking about removing the search method and just having optimization begin in
+#class __init__
+
+#x_glob and offset parameters dont yet do anything; former is for semiparametric
+#GWR and later is for offset variable for Poisson model
+
+__author__ = "Taylor Oshan Tayoshan@gmail.com"
+
+from kernels import *
+from search import golden_section, equal_interval, flexible_bw
+from gwr import GWR
+from crankshaft.regression.glm.family import Gaussian, Poisson, Binomial
+import pysal.spreg.user_output as USER
+from diagnostics import get_AICc, get_AIC, get_BIC, get_CV
+from scipy.spatial.distance import pdist, squareform
+from pysal.common import KDTree
+import numpy as np
+
+kernels = {1: fix_gauss, 2: adapt_gauss, 3: fix_bisquare, 4:
+        adapt_bisquare, 5: fix_exp, 6:adapt_exp}
+getDiag = {'AICc': get_AICc,'AIC':get_AIC, 'BIC': get_BIC, 'CV': get_CV}
+
+class Sel_BW(object):
+    """
+    Select bandwidth for kernel
+
+    Methods: p211 - p213, bandwidth selection
+    Fotheringham, A. S., Brunsdon, C., & Charlton, M. (2002).
+    Geographically weighted regression: the analysis of spatially varying relationships.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    y              : array
+                     n*1, dependent variable.
+    x_glob         : array
+                     n*k1, fixed independent variable.
+    x_loc          : array
+                     n*k2, local independent variable, including constant.
+    coords         : list of tuples
+                     (x,y) of points used in bandwidth selection
+    family         : string
+                     GWR model type: 'Gaussian', 'logistic, 'Poisson''
+    offset         : array
+                     n*1, offset variable for Poisson model
+    kernel         : string
+                     kernel function: 'gaussian', 'bisquare', 'exponetial'
+    fixed          : boolean
+                     True for fixed bandwidth and False for adaptive (NN)
+    fb             : True for flexible (mutliple covaraite-specific) bandwidths
+                     False for a traditional (same for  all covariates)
+                     bandwdith; defualt is False.
+    constant       : boolean
+                     True to include intercept (default) in model and False to exclude
+                     intercept.
+
+
+    Attributes
+    ----------
+    y              : array
+                     n*1, dependent variable.
+    x_glob         : array
+                     n*k1, fixed independent variable.
+    x_loc          : array
+                     n*k2, local independent variable, including constant.
+    coords         : list of tuples
+                     (x,y) of points used in bandwidth selection
+    family         : string
+                     GWR model type: 'Gaussian', 'logistic, 'Poisson''
+    kernel         : string
+                     type of kernel used and wether fixed or adaptive
+    criterion      : string
+                     bw selection criterion: 'AICc', 'AIC', 'BIC', 'CV'
+    search         : string
+                     bw search method: 'golden', 'interval'
+    bw_min         : float
+                     min value used in bandwidth search
+    bw_max         : float
+                     max value used in bandwidth search
+    interval       : float
+                     interval increment used in interval search
+    tol            : float
+                     tolerance used to determine convergence
+    max_iter       : integer
+                     max interations if no convergence to tol
+    fb             : True for flexible (mutliple covaraite-specific) bandwidths
+                     False for a traditional (same for  all covariates)
+                     bandwdith; defualt is False.
+    constant       : boolean
+                     True to include intercept (default) in model and False to exclude
+                     intercept.
+    """
+    def __init__(self, coords, y, x_loc, x_glob=None, family=Gaussian(),
+            offset=None, kernel='bisquare', fixed=False, fb=False, constant=True):
+        self.coords = coords
+        self.y = y
+        self.x_loc = x_loc
+        if x_glob is not None:
+            self.x_glob = x_glob
+        else:
+            self.x_glob = []
+        self.family=family
+        self.fixed = fixed
+        self.kernel = kernel
+        if offset is None:
+        	self.offset = np.ones((len(y), 1))
+        else:
+            self.offset = offset * 1.0
+        self.fb = fb
+        self.constant = constant
+
+    def search(self, search='golden_section', criterion='AICc', bw_min=0.0, 
+            bw_max=0.0, interval=0.0, tol=1.0e-6, max_iter=200, init_fb=True,
+            tol_fb=1.0e-5, rss_score=False, max_iter_fb=200):
+        """
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        criterion      : string
+                         bw selection criterion: 'AICc', 'AIC', 'BIC', 'CV'
+        search         : string
+                         bw search method: 'golden', 'interval'
+        bw_min         : float
+                         min value used in bandwidth search
+        bw_max         : float
+                         max value used in bandwidth search
+        interval       : float
+                         interval increment used in interval search
+        tol            : float
+                         tolerance used to determine convergence
+        max_iter       : integer
+                         max iterations if no convergence to tol
+        init_fb        : True to initialize flexible bandwidth search with
+                         esitmates from a traditional GWR and False to
+                         initialize flexible bandwidth search with global
+                         regression estimates
+        tol_fb         : convergence tolerence for the flexible bandwidth
+                         backfitting algorithm; a larger tolerance may stop the
+                         algorith faster though it may result in a less optimal
+                         model
+        max_iter_fb    : max iterations if no convergence to tol for flexible
+                         bandwidth backfittign algorithm
+        rss_score      : True to use the residual sum of sqaures to evaluate
+                         each iteration of the flexible bandwidth backfitting
+                         routine and False to use a smooth function; default is
+                         False
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        bw             : scalar or array
+                         optimal bandwidth value or values; returns scalar for
+                         fb=False and array for fb=True; ordering of bandwidths
+                         matches the ordering of the covariates (columns) of the
+                         designs matrix, X
+        """     
+        self.search = search
+        self.criterion = criterion
+        self.bw_min = bw_min
+        self.bw_max = bw_max
+        self.interval = interval
+        self.tol = tol
+        self.max_iter = max_iter
+        self.init_fb = init_fb
+        self.tol_fb = tol_fb
+        self.rss_score = rss_score
+        self.max_iter_fb = max_iter_fb
+        
+
+        if self.fixed:
+            if self.kernel == 'gaussian':
+                ktype = 1
+            elif self.kernel == 'bisquare':
+                ktype = 3
+            elif self.kernel == 'exponential':
+                ktype = 5
+            else:
+                raise TypeError('Unsupported kernel function ', self.kernel)
+        else:
+            if self.kernel == 'gaussian':
+            	ktype = 2
+            elif self.kernel == 'bisquare':
+                ktype = 4
+            elif self.kernel == 'exponential':
+                ktype = 6
+            else:
+                raise TypeError('Unsupported kernel function ', self.kernel)
+
+        function = lambda bw: getDiag[criterion](
+                GWR(self.coords, self.y, self.x_loc, bw, family=self.family,
+                    kernel=self.kernel, fixed=self.fixed, offset=self.offset).fit())
+        
+        if ktype % 2 == 0:
+            int_score = True
+        else:
+            int_score = False
+        self.int_score = int_score
+        
+        if self.fb:
+            self._fbw()
+            print self.bw[1]
+            self.XB = self.bw[4]
+            self.err = self.bw[5]
+        else:
+            self._bw()
+
+        return self.bw[0]
+
+    def _bw(self):
+        gwr_func = lambda bw: getDiag[self.criterion](
+                GWR(self.coords, self.y, self.x_loc, bw, family=self.family,
+                    kernel=self.kernel, fixed=self.fixed, constant=self.constant).fit())
+        if self.search == 'golden_section':
+            a,c = self._init_section(self.x_glob, self.x_loc, self.coords,
+                    self.constant)
+            delta = 0.38197 #1 - (np.sqrt(5.0)-1.0)/2.0
+            self.bw = golden_section(a, c, delta, gwr_func, self.tol, 
+                    self.max_iter, self.int_score)
+        elif self.search == 'interval':
+            self.bw = equal_interval(self.bw_min, self.bw_max, self.interval,
+                    gwr_func, self.int_score)
+        else:
+            raise TypeError('Unsupported computational search method ', search)
+   
+    def _fbw(self):
+        y = self.y
+        if self.constant:
+        	X = USER.check_constant(self.x_loc)
+        else:
+            X = self.x_loc
+        n, k = X.shape
+        family = self.family
+        offset = self.offset
+        kernel = self.kernel
+        fixed = self.fixed
+        coords = self.coords
+        search = self.search
+        criterion = self.criterion
+        bw_min = self.bw_min
+        bw_max = self.bw_max
+        interval = self.interval
+        tol = self.tol
+        max_iter = self.max_iter
+        gwr_func = lambda y, X, bw: GWR(coords, y, X, bw, family=family, 
+                kernel=kernel, fixed=fixed, offset=offset, constant=False).fit()
+        bw_func = lambda y, X: Sel_BW(coords, y, X, x_glob=[], family=family,
+                kernel=kernel, fixed=fixed, offset=offset, constant=False)
+        sel_func = lambda bw_func: bw_func.search(search=search, 
+                        criterion=criterion, bw_min=bw_min, bw_max=bw_max, 
+                        interval=interval, tol=tol, max_iter=max_iter)
+        self.bw = flexible_bw(self.init_fb, y, X, n, k, family, self.tol_fb,
+               self.max_iter_fb, self.rss_score, gwr_func, bw_func, sel_func)
+
+
+
+    def _init_section(self, x_glob, x_loc, coords, constant):
+        if len(x_glob) > 0:
+            n_glob = x_glob.shape[1]
+        else:
+            n_glob = 0
+        if len(x_loc) > 0:
+            n_loc = x_loc.shape[1]
+        else:
+            n_loc = 0
+        if constant:
+            n_vars = n_glob + n_loc + 1
+        else:
+            n_vars = n_glob + n_loc
+        n = np.array(coords).shape[0]
+
+        if self.int_score:
+            a = 40 + 2 * n_vars
+            c = n
+        else:
+            nn = 40 + 2 * n_vars
+            sq_dists = squareform(pdist(coords))
+            sort_dists = np.sort(sq_dists, axis=1)
+            min_dists = sort_dists[:,nn-1]
+            max_dists = sort_dists[:,-1]
+            a = np.min(min_dists)/2.0
+            c = np.max(max_dists)/2.0
+      
+        if a < self.bw_min:
+            a = self.bw_min
+        if c > self.bw_max and self.bw_max > 0:
+            c = self.bw_max
+        return a, c

release/python/0.8.0/crankshaft/crankshaft/regression/gwr/base/tests/test_gwr.py

@@ -0,0 +1,853 @@
+"""
+GWR is tested against results from GWR4
+"""
+
+import unittest
+import pickle as pk
+from crankshaft.regression.gwr.gwr import GWR, FBGWR
+from crankshaft.regression.gwr.sel_bw import Sel_BW
+from crankshaft.regression.gwr.diagnostics import get_AICc, get_AIC, get_BIC, get_CV
+from crankshaft.regression.glm.family import Gaussian, Poisson, Binomial
+import numpy as np
+import pysal
+
+class TestGWRGaussian(unittest.TestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        data = pysal.open(pysal.examples.get_path('GData_utm.csv'))
+        self.coords = zip(data.by_col('X'), data.by_col('Y'))
+        self.y = np.array(data.by_col('PctBach')).reshape((-1,1))
+        rural  = np.array(data.by_col('PctRural')).reshape((-1,1))
+        pov = np.array(data.by_col('PctPov')).reshape((-1,1)) 
+        black = np.array(data.by_col('PctBlack')).reshape((-1,1))
+        self.X = np.hstack([rural, pov, black])
+        self.BS_F = pysal.open(pysal.examples.get_path('georgia_BS_F_listwise.csv'))
+        self.BS_NN = pysal.open(pysal.examples.get_path('georgia_BS_NN_listwise.csv'))
+        self.GS_F = pysal.open(pysal.examples.get_path('georgia_GS_F_listwise.csv'))
+        self.GS_NN = pysal.open(pysal.examples.get_path('georgia_GS_NN_listwise.csv'))
+        self.FB = pk.load(open(pysal.examples.get_path('FB.p'), 'r'))
+        self.XB = pk.load(open(pysal.examples.get_path('XB.p'), 'r'))
+        self.err = pk.load(open(pysal.examples.get_path('err.p'), 'r'))
+
+    def test_BS_F(self):
+        est_Int = self.BS_F.by_col(' est_Intercept')
+        se_Int = self.BS_F.by_col(' se_Intercept')
+        t_Int = self.BS_F.by_col(' t_Intercept')
+        est_rural = self.BS_F.by_col(' est_PctRural')
+        se_rural = self.BS_F.by_col(' se_PctRural')
+        t_rural = self.BS_F.by_col(' t_PctRural')
+        est_pov = self.BS_F.by_col(' est_PctPov')
+        se_pov = self.BS_F.by_col(' se_PctPov')
+        t_pov = self.BS_F.by_col(' t_PctPov')
+        est_black = self.BS_F.by_col(' est_PctBlack')
+        se_black = self.BS_F.by_col(' se_PctBlack')
+        t_black = self.BS_F.by_col(' t_PctBlack')
+        yhat = self.BS_F.by_col(' yhat')
+        res = np.array(self.BS_F.by_col(' residual'))
+        std_res = np.array(self.BS_F.by_col(' std_residual')).reshape((-1,1))
+        localR2 = np.array(self.BS_F.by_col(' localR2')).reshape((-1,1))
+        inf = np.array(self.BS_F.by_col(' influence')).reshape((-1,1))
+        cooksD = np.array(self.BS_F.by_col(' CooksD')).reshape((-1,1))
+        
+        model = GWR(self.coords, self.y, self.X, bw=209267.689, fixed=True)
+        rslt = model.fit()
+        
+        AICc = get_AICc(rslt)
+        AIC = get_AIC(rslt)
+        BIC = get_BIC(rslt)
+        CV = get_CV(rslt)
+        
+        self.assertAlmostEquals(np.floor(AICc), 894.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEquals(np.floor(AIC), 890.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEquals(np.floor(BIC), 944.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEquals(np.round(CV,2), 18.25)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(est_Int, rslt.params[:,0], rtol=1e-04)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(se_Int, rslt.bse[:,0], rtol=1e-04)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(t_Int, rslt.tvalues[:,0], rtol=1e-04)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(est_rural, rslt.params[:,1], rtol=1e-04)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(se_rural, rslt.bse[:,1], rtol=1e-04)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(t_rural, rslt.tvalues[:,1], rtol=1e-04)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(est_pov, rslt.params[:,2], rtol=1e-04)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(se_pov, rslt.bse[:,2], rtol=1e-04)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(t_pov, rslt.tvalues[:,2], rtol=1e-04)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(est_black, rslt.params[:,3], rtol=1e-02)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(se_black, rslt.bse[:,3], rtol=1e-02)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(t_black, rslt.tvalues[:,3], rtol=1e-02)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(yhat, rslt.mu, rtol=1e-05)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(res, rslt.resid_response, rtol=1e-04)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(std_res, rslt.std_res, rtol=1e-04)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(localR2, rslt.localR2, rtol=1e-05)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(inf, rslt.influ, rtol=1e-04)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(cooksD, rslt.cooksD, rtol=1e-00)
+
+    def test_BS_NN(self):
+        est_Int = self.BS_NN.by_col(' est_Intercept')
+        se_Int = self.BS_NN.by_col(' se_Intercept')
+        t_Int = self.BS_NN.by_col(' t_Intercept')
+        est_rural = self.BS_NN.by_col(' est_PctRural')
+        se_rural = self.BS_NN.by_col(' se_PctRural')
+        t_rural = self.BS_NN.by_col(' t_PctRural')
+        est_pov = self.BS_NN.by_col(' est_PctPov')
+        se_pov = self.BS_NN.by_col(' se_PctPov')
+        t_pov = self.BS_NN.by_col(' t_PctPov')
+        est_black = self.BS_NN.by_col(' est_PctBlack')
+        se_black = self.BS_NN.by_col(' se_PctBlack')
+        t_black = self.BS_NN.by_col(' t_PctBlack')
+        yhat = self.BS_NN.by_col(' yhat')
+        res = np.array(self.BS_NN.by_col(' residual'))
+        std_res = np.array(self.BS_NN.by_col(' std_residual')).reshape((-1,1))
+        localR2 = np.array(self.BS_NN.by_col(' localR2')).reshape((-1,1))
+        inf = np.array(self.BS_NN.by_col(' influence')).reshape((-1,1))
+        cooksD = np.array(self.BS_NN.by_col(' CooksD')).reshape((-1,1))
+
+        model = GWR(self.coords, self.y, self.X, bw=90.000, fixed=False)
+        rslt = model.fit()
+        
+        AICc = get_AICc(rslt)
+        AIC = get_AIC(rslt)
+        BIC = get_BIC(rslt)
+        CV = get_CV(rslt)
+        
+        self.assertAlmostEquals(np.floor(AICc), 896.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEquals(np.floor(AIC), 892.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEquals(np.floor(BIC), 941.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEquals(np.around(CV, 2), 19.19)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(est_Int, rslt.params[:,0], rtol=1e-04)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(se_Int, rslt.bse[:,0], rtol=1e-04)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(t_Int, rslt.tvalues[:,0], rtol=1e-04)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(est_rural, rslt.params[:,1], rtol=1e-04)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(se_rural, rslt.bse[:,1], rtol=1e-04)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(t_rural, rslt.tvalues[:,1], rtol=1e-04)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(est_pov, rslt.params[:,2], rtol=1e-04)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(se_pov, rslt.bse[:,2], rtol=1e-04)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(t_pov, rslt.tvalues[:,2], rtol=1e-04)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(est_black, rslt.params[:,3], rtol=1e-02)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(se_black, rslt.bse[:,3], rtol=1e-02)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(t_black, rslt.tvalues[:,3], rtol=1e-02)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(yhat, rslt.mu, rtol=1e-05)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(res, rslt.resid_response, rtol=1e-04)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(std_res, rslt.std_res, rtol=1e-04)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(localR2, rslt.localR2, rtol=1e-05)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(inf, rslt.influ, rtol=1e-04)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(cooksD, rslt.cooksD, rtol=1e-00)
+
+    def test_GS_F(self):
+        est_Int = self.GS_F.by_col(' est_Intercept')
+        se_Int = self.GS_F.by_col(' se_Intercept')
+        t_Int = self.GS_F.by_col(' t_Intercept')
+        est_rural = self.GS_F.by_col(' est_PctRural')
+        se_rural = self.GS_F.by_col(' se_PctRural')
+        t_rural = self.GS_F.by_col(' t_PctRural')
+        est_pov = self.GS_F.by_col(' est_PctPov')
+        se_pov = self.GS_F.by_col(' se_PctPov')
+        t_pov = self.GS_F.by_col(' t_PctPov')
+        est_black = self.GS_F.by_col(' est_PctBlack')
+        se_black = self.GS_F.by_col(' se_PctBlack')
+        t_black = self.GS_F.by_col(' t_PctBlack')
+        yhat = self.GS_F.by_col(' yhat')
+        res = np.array(self.GS_F.by_col(' residual'))
+        std_res = np.array(self.GS_F.by_col(' std_residual')).reshape((-1,1))
+        localR2 = np.array(self.GS_F.by_col(' localR2')).reshape((-1,1))
+        inf = np.array(self.GS_F.by_col(' influence')).reshape((-1,1))
+        cooksD = np.array(self.GS_F.by_col(' CooksD')).reshape((-1,1))
+        
+        model = GWR(self.coords, self.y, self.X, bw=87308.298,
+                kernel='gaussian', fixed=True)
+        rslt = model.fit()
+        
+        AICc = get_AICc(rslt)
+        AIC = get_AIC(rslt)
+        BIC = get_BIC(rslt)
+        CV = get_CV(rslt)
+        
+        self.assertAlmostEquals(np.floor(AICc), 895.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEquals(np.floor(AIC), 890.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEquals(np.floor(BIC), 943.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEquals(np.around(CV, 2), 18.21)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(est_Int, rslt.params[:,0], rtol=1e-04)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(se_Int, rslt.bse[:,0], rtol=1e-04)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(t_Int, rslt.tvalues[:,0], rtol=1e-04)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(est_rural, rslt.params[:,1], rtol=1e-04)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(se_rural, rslt.bse[:,1], rtol=1e-04)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(t_rural, rslt.tvalues[:,1], rtol=1e-04)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(est_pov, rslt.params[:,2], rtol=1e-04)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(se_pov, rslt.bse[:,2], rtol=1e-04)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(t_pov, rslt.tvalues[:,2], rtol=1e-04)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(est_black, rslt.params[:,3], rtol=1e-02)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(se_black, rslt.bse[:,3], rtol=1e-02)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(t_black, rslt.tvalues[:,3], rtol=1e-02)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(yhat, rslt.mu, rtol=1e-05)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(res, rslt.resid_response, rtol=1e-04)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(std_res, rslt.std_res, rtol=1e-04)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(localR2, rslt.localR2, rtol=1e-05)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(inf, rslt.influ, rtol=1e-04)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(cooksD, rslt.cooksD, rtol=1e-00)
+        
+    def test_GS_NN(self):
+        est_Int = self.GS_NN.by_col(' est_Intercept')
+        se_Int = self.GS_NN.by_col(' se_Intercept')
+        t_Int = self.GS_NN.by_col(' t_Intercept')
+        est_rural = self.GS_NN.by_col(' est_PctRural')
+        se_rural = self.GS_NN.by_col(' se_PctRural')
+        t_rural = self.GS_NN.by_col(' t_PctRural')
+        est_pov = self.GS_NN.by_col(' est_PctPov')
+        se_pov = self.GS_NN.by_col(' se_PctPov')
+        t_pov = self.GS_NN.by_col(' t_PctPov')
+        est_black = self.GS_NN.by_col(' est_PctBlack')
+        se_black = self.GS_NN.by_col(' se_PctBlack')
+        t_black = self.GS_NN.by_col(' t_PctBlack')
+        yhat = self.GS_NN.by_col(' yhat')
+        res = np.array(self.GS_NN.by_col(' residual'))
+        std_res = np.array(self.GS_NN.by_col(' std_residual')).reshape((-1,1))
+        localR2 = np.array(self.GS_NN.by_col(' localR2')).reshape((-1,1))
+        inf = np.array(self.GS_NN.by_col(' influence')).reshape((-1,1))
+        cooksD = np.array(self.GS_NN.by_col(' CooksD')).reshape((-1,1))
+
+        model = GWR(self.coords, self.y, self.X, bw=49.000,
+                kernel='gaussian', fixed=False)
+        rslt = model.fit()
+        
+        AICc = get_AICc(rslt)
+        AIC = get_AIC(rslt)
+        BIC = get_BIC(rslt)
+        CV = get_CV(rslt)
+        
+        self.assertAlmostEquals(np.floor(AICc),  896)
+        self.assertAlmostEquals(np.floor(AIC), 894.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEquals(np.floor(BIC), 922.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEquals(np.around(CV, 2), 17.91)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(est_Int, rslt.params[:,0], rtol=1e-04)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(se_Int, rslt.bse[:,0], rtol=1e-04)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(t_Int, rslt.tvalues[:,0], rtol=1e-04)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(est_rural, rslt.params[:,1], rtol=1e-04)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(se_rural, rslt.bse[:,1], rtol=1e-04)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(t_rural, rslt.tvalues[:,1], rtol=1e-04)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(est_pov, rslt.params[:,2], rtol=1e-04)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(se_pov, rslt.bse[:,2], rtol=1e-04)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(t_pov, rslt.tvalues[:,2], rtol=1e-04)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(est_black, rslt.params[:,3], rtol=1e-02)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(se_black, rslt.bse[:,3], rtol=1e-02)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(t_black, rslt.tvalues[:,3], rtol=1e-02)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(yhat, rslt.mu, rtol=1e-05)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(res, rslt.resid_response, rtol=1e-04)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(std_res, rslt.std_res, rtol=1e-04)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(localR2, rslt.localR2, rtol=1e-05)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(inf, rslt.influ, rtol=1e-04)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(cooksD, rslt.cooksD, rtol=1e-00)
+    
+    def test_FBGWR(self):
+        model = FBGWR(self.coords, self.y, self.X, [157.0, 65.0, 52.0],
+                XB=self.XB, err=self.err, constant=False)
+        rslt = model.fit()
+
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(rslt.predy, self.FB['predy'], atol=1e-07)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(rslt.params, self.FB['params'], atol=1e-07)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(rslt.resid_response, self.FB['u'], atol=1e-05)
+        np.testing.assert_almost_equal(rslt.resid_ss, 6339.3497144025841)
+
+    def test_Prediction(self):
+        coords =np.array(self.coords)
+        index = np.arange(len(self.y))
+        #train = index[0:-10]
+        test = index[-10:]
+
+        #y_train = self.y[train]
+        #X_train = self.X[train]
+        #coords_train = list(coords[train])
+
+        #y_test = self.y[test]
+        X_test = self.X[test]
+        coords_test = list(coords[test])
+
+
+        model = GWR(self.coords, self.y, self.X, 93, family=Gaussian(),
+                fixed=False, kernel='bisquare')
+        results = model.predict(coords_test, X_test)
+        
+        params = np.array([22.77198, -0.10254,    -0.215093,   -0.01405,
+            19.10531,    -0.094177,   -0.232529,   0.071913,
+            19.743421,   -0.080447,   -0.30893,    0.083206,
+            17.505759,   -0.078919,   -0.187955,   0.051719,
+            27.747402,   -0.165335,   -0.208553,   0.004067,
+            26.210627,   -0.138398,   -0.360514,   0.072199,
+            18.034833,   -0.077047,   -0.260556,   0.084319,
+            28.452802,   -0.163408,   -0.14097,    -0.063076,
+            22.353095,   -0.103046,   -0.226654,   0.002992,
+            18.220508,   -0.074034,   -0.309812,   0.108636]).reshape((10,4))
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(params, results.params, rtol=1e-03)
+
+        bse = np.array([2.080166,    0.021462,    0.102954,    0.049627,
+            2.536355,    0.022111,    0.123857,    0.051917,
+            1.967813,    0.019716,    0.102562,    0.054918,
+            2.463219,    0.021745,    0.110297,    0.044189,
+            1.556056,    0.019513,    0.12764,     0.040315,
+            1.664108,    0.020114,    0.131208,    0.041613,
+            2.5835,      0.021481,    0.113158,    0.047243,
+            1.709483,    0.019752,    0.116944,    0.043636,
+            1.958233,    0.020947,    0.09974,     0.049821,
+            2.276849,    0.020122,    0.107867,    0.047842]).reshape((10,4))
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(bse, results.bse, rtol=1e-03)
+
+        tvalues = np.array([10.947193,   -4.777659,   -2.089223,   -0.283103,
+            7.532584,    -4.259179,   -1.877395,   1.385161,
+            10.033179,   -4.080362,   -3.012133,   1.515096,
+            7.106862,    -3.629311,   -1.704079,   1.17042,
+            17.831878,   -8.473156,   -1.633924,   0.100891,
+            15.750552,   -6.880725,   -2.74765,    1.734978,
+            6.980774,    -3.586757,   -2.302575,   1.784818,
+            16.644095,   -8.273001,   -1.205451,   -1.445501,
+            11.414933,   -4.919384,   -2.272458,   0.060064,
+            8.00251, -3.679274,   -2.872176,   2.270738]).reshape((10,4))
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(tvalues, results.tvalues, rtol=1e-03)
+
+        localR2 = np.array([[ 0.53068693],
+                            [ 0.59582647],
+                            [ 0.59700925],
+                            [ 0.45769954],
+                            [ 0.54634509],
+                            [ 0.5494828 ],
+                            [ 0.55159604],
+                            [ 0.55634237],
+                            [ 0.53903842],
+                            [ 0.55884954]])
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(localR2, results.localR2, rtol=1e-05)
+
+class TestGWRPoisson(unittest.TestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        data = pysal.open(pysal.examples.get_path('Tokyomortality.csv'), mode='Ur')
+        self.coords = zip(data.by_col('X_CENTROID'), data.by_col('Y_CENTROID'))
+        self.y = np.array(data.by_col('db2564')).reshape((-1,1))
+        self.off = np.array(data.by_col('eb2564')).reshape((-1,1))
+        OCC  = np.array(data.by_col('OCC_TEC')).reshape((-1,1))
+        OWN = np.array(data.by_col('OWNH')).reshape((-1,1)) 
+        POP = np.array(data.by_col('POP65')).reshape((-1,1))
+        UNEMP = np.array(data.by_col('UNEMP')).reshape((-1,1))
+        self.X = np.hstack([OCC,OWN,POP,UNEMP])
+        self.BS_F = pysal.open(pysal.examples.get_path('tokyo_BS_F_listwise.csv'))
+        self.BS_NN = pysal.open(pysal.examples.get_path('tokyo_BS_NN_listwise.csv'))
+        self.GS_F = pysal.open(pysal.examples.get_path('tokyo_GS_F_listwise.csv'))
+        self.GS_NN = pysal.open(pysal.examples.get_path('tokyo_GS_NN_listwise.csv'))
+        self.BS_NN_OFF = pysal.open(pysal.examples.get_path('tokyo_BS_NN_OFF_listwise.csv'))
+
+    def test_BS_F(self):
+        est_Int = self.BS_F.by_col(' est_Intercept')
+        se_Int = self.BS_F.by_col(' se_Intercept')
+        t_Int = self.BS_F.by_col(' t_Intercept')
+        est_OCC = self.BS_F.by_col(' est_OCC_TEC')
+        se_OCC = self.BS_F.by_col(' se_OCC_TEC')
+        t_OCC = self.BS_F.by_col(' t_OCC_TEC')
+        est_OWN = self.BS_F.by_col(' est_OWNH')
+        se_OWN = self.BS_F.by_col(' se_OWNH')
+        t_OWN = self.BS_F.by_col(' t_OWNH')
+        est_POP = self.BS_F.by_col(' est_POP65')
+        se_POP = self.BS_F.by_col(' se_POP65')
+        t_POP = self.BS_F.by_col(' t_POP65')
+        est_UNEMP = self.BS_F.by_col(' est_UNEMP')
+        se_UNEMP = self.BS_F.by_col(' se_UNEMP')
+        t_UNEMP = self.BS_F.by_col(' t_UNEMP')
+        yhat = self.BS_F.by_col(' yhat')
+        pdev = np.array(self.BS_F.by_col(' localpdev')).reshape((-1,1))
+        
+        model = GWR(self.coords, self.y, self.X, bw=26029.625, family=Poisson(), 
+                kernel='bisquare', fixed=True)
+        rslt = model.fit()
+
+        AICc = get_AICc(rslt)
+        AIC = get_AIC(rslt)
+        BIC = get_BIC(rslt)
+        
+        self.assertAlmostEquals(np.floor(AICc), 13294.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEquals(np.floor(AIC), 13247.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEquals(np.floor(BIC), 13485.0)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(est_Int, rslt.params[:,0], rtol=1e-05)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(se_Int, rslt.bse[:,0], rtol=1e-03)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(t_Int, rslt.tvalues[:,0], rtol=1e-03)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(est_OCC, rslt.params[:,1], rtol=1e-04)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(se_OCC, rslt.bse[:,1], rtol=1e-02)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(t_OCC, rslt.tvalues[:,1], rtol=1e-02)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(est_OWN, rslt.params[:,2], rtol=1e-04)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(se_OWN, rslt.bse[:,2], rtol=1e-03)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(t_OWN, rslt.tvalues[:,2], rtol=1e-03)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(est_POP, rslt.params[:,3], rtol=1e-04)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(se_POP, rslt.bse[:,3], rtol=1e-02)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(t_POP, rslt.tvalues[:,3], rtol=1e-02)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(est_UNEMP, rslt.params[:,4], rtol=1e-04)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(se_UNEMP, rslt.bse[:,4], rtol=1e-02)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(t_UNEMP, rslt.tvalues[:,4], rtol=1e-02)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(yhat, rslt.mu, rtol=1e-05)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(pdev, rslt.pDev, rtol=1e-05)
+
+
+    def test_BS_NN(self):
+        est_Int = self.BS_NN.by_col(' est_Intercept')
+        se_Int = self.BS_NN.by_col(' se_Intercept')
+        t_Int = self.BS_NN.by_col(' t_Intercept')
+        est_OCC = self.BS_NN.by_col(' est_OCC_TEC')
+        se_OCC = self.BS_NN.by_col(' se_OCC_TEC')
+        t_OCC = self.BS_NN.by_col(' t_OCC_TEC')
+        est_OWN = self.BS_NN.by_col(' est_OWNH')
+        se_OWN = self.BS_NN.by_col(' se_OWNH')
+        t_OWN = self.BS_NN.by_col(' t_OWNH')
+        est_POP = self.BS_NN.by_col(' est_POP65')
+        se_POP = self.BS_NN.by_col(' se_POP65')
+        t_POP = self.BS_NN.by_col(' t_POP65')
+        est_UNEMP = self.BS_NN.by_col(' est_UNEMP')
+        se_UNEMP = self.BS_NN.by_col(' se_UNEMP')
+        t_UNEMP = self.BS_NN.by_col(' t_UNEMP')
+        yhat = self.BS_NN.by_col(' yhat')
+        pdev = np.array(self.BS_NN.by_col(' localpdev')).reshape((-1,1))
+
+        model = GWR(self.coords, self.y, self.X, bw=50, family=Poisson(), 
+                kernel='bisquare', fixed=False)
+        rslt = model.fit()
+        
+        AICc = get_AICc(rslt)
+        AIC = get_AIC(rslt)
+        BIC = get_BIC(rslt)
+        
+        self.assertAlmostEquals(np.floor(AICc), 13285)
+        self.assertAlmostEquals(np.floor(AIC), 13259.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEquals(np.floor(BIC), 13442.0)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(est_Int, rslt.params[:,0], rtol=1e-04)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(se_Int, rslt.bse[:,0], rtol=1e-02)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(t_Int, rslt.tvalues[:,0], rtol=1e-02)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(est_OCC, rslt.params[:,1], rtol=1e-03)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(se_OCC, rslt.bse[:,1], rtol=1e-02)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(t_OCC, rslt.tvalues[:,1], rtol=1e-02)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(est_OWN, rslt.params[:,2], rtol=1e-04)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(se_OWN, rslt.bse[:,2], rtol=1e-02)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(t_OWN, rslt.tvalues[:,2], rtol=1e-02)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(est_POP, rslt.params[:,3], rtol=1e-03)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(se_POP, rslt.bse[:,3], rtol=1e-02)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(t_POP, rslt.tvalues[:,3], rtol=1e-02)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(est_UNEMP, rslt.params[:,4], rtol=1e-04)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(se_UNEMP, rslt.bse[:,4], rtol=1e-02)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(t_UNEMP, rslt.tvalues[:,4], rtol=1e-02)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(yhat, rslt.mu, rtol=1e-04)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(pdev, rslt.pDev, rtol=1e-05)
+    
+    def test_BS_NN_Offset(self):
+        est_Int = self.BS_NN_OFF.by_col(' est_Intercept')
+        se_Int = self.BS_NN_OFF.by_col(' se_Intercept')
+        t_Int = self.BS_NN_OFF.by_col(' t_Intercept')
+        est_OCC = self.BS_NN_OFF.by_col(' est_OCC_TEC')
+        se_OCC = self.BS_NN_OFF.by_col(' se_OCC_TEC')
+        t_OCC = self.BS_NN_OFF.by_col(' t_OCC_TEC')
+        est_OWN = self.BS_NN_OFF.by_col(' est_OWNH')
+        se_OWN = self.BS_NN_OFF.by_col(' se_OWNH')
+        t_OWN = self.BS_NN_OFF.by_col(' t_OWNH')
+        est_POP = self.BS_NN_OFF.by_col(' est_POP65')
+        se_POP = self.BS_NN_OFF.by_col(' se_POP65')
+        t_POP = self.BS_NN_OFF.by_col(' t_POP65')
+        est_UNEMP = self.BS_NN_OFF.by_col(' est_UNEMP')
+        se_UNEMP = self.BS_NN_OFF.by_col(' se_UNEMP')
+        t_UNEMP = self.BS_NN_OFF.by_col(' t_UNEMP')
+        yhat = self.BS_NN_OFF.by_col(' yhat')
+        pdev = np.array(self.BS_NN_OFF.by_col(' localpdev')).reshape((-1,1))
+
+        model = GWR(self.coords, self.y, self.X, bw=100, offset=self.off, family=Poisson(), 
+                kernel='bisquare', fixed=False)
+        rslt = model.fit()
+        
+        AICc = get_AICc(rslt)
+        AIC = get_AIC(rslt)
+        BIC = get_BIC(rslt)
+        
+        self.assertAlmostEquals(np.floor(AICc), 367.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEquals(np.floor(AIC), 361.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEquals(np.floor(BIC), 451.0)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(est_Int, rslt.params[:,0], rtol=1e-02,
+                atol=1e-02)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(se_Int, rslt.bse[:,0], rtol=1e-02, atol=1e-02)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(t_Int, rslt.tvalues[:,0], rtol=1e-01,
+                atol=1e-02)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(est_OCC, rslt.params[:,1], rtol=1e-03,
+                atol=1e-02)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(se_OCC, rslt.bse[:,1], rtol=1e-02, atol=1e-02)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(t_OCC, rslt.tvalues[:,1], rtol=1e-01,
+                atol=1e-02)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(est_OWN, rslt.params[:,2], rtol=1e-04,
+                atol=1e-02)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(se_OWN, rslt.bse[:,2], rtol=1e-02, atol=1e-02)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(t_OWN, rslt.tvalues[:,2], rtol=1e-01,
+                atol=1e-02)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(est_POP, rslt.params[:,3], rtol=1e-03,
+                atol=1e-02)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(se_POP, rslt.bse[:,3], rtol=1e-02, atol=1e-02)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(t_POP, rslt.tvalues[:,3], rtol=1e-01,
+                atol=1e-02)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(est_UNEMP, rslt.params[:,4], rtol=1e-04,
+                atol=1e-02)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(se_UNEMP, rslt.bse[:,4], rtol=1e-02,
+                atol=1e-02)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(t_UNEMP, rslt.tvalues[:,4], rtol=1e-01,
+                atol=1e-02)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(yhat, rslt.mu, rtol=1e-03, atol=1e-02)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(pdev, rslt.pDev, rtol=1e-04, atol=1e-02)
+
+    def test_GS_F(self):
+        est_Int = self.GS_F.by_col(' est_Intercept')
+        se_Int = self.GS_F.by_col(' se_Intercept')
+        t_Int = self.GS_F.by_col(' t_Intercept')
+        est_OCC = self.GS_F.by_col(' est_OCC_TEC')
+        se_OCC = self.GS_F.by_col(' se_OCC_TEC')
+        t_OCC = self.GS_F.by_col(' t_OCC_TEC')
+        est_OWN = self.GS_F.by_col(' est_OWNH')
+        se_OWN = self.GS_F.by_col(' se_OWNH')
+        t_OWN = self.GS_F.by_col(' t_OWNH')
+        est_POP = self.GS_F.by_col(' est_POP65')
+        se_POP = self.GS_F.by_col(' se_POP65')
+        t_POP = self.GS_F.by_col(' t_POP65')
+        est_UNEMP = self.GS_F.by_col(' est_UNEMP')
+        se_UNEMP = self.GS_F.by_col(' se_UNEMP')
+        t_UNEMP = self.GS_F.by_col(' t_UNEMP')
+        yhat = self.GS_F.by_col(' yhat')
+        pdev = np.array(self.GS_F.by_col(' localpdev')).reshape((-1,1))
+        
+        model = GWR(self.coords, self.y, self.X, bw=8764.474, family=Poisson(), 
+                kernel='gaussian', fixed=True)
+        rslt = model.fit()
+        
+        AICc = get_AICc(rslt)
+        AIC = get_AIC(rslt)
+        BIC = get_BIC(rslt)
+        
+        self.assertAlmostEquals(np.floor(AICc), 11283.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEquals(np.floor(AIC), 11211.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEquals(np.floor(BIC), 11497.0)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(est_Int, rslt.params[:,0], rtol=1e-03)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(se_Int, rslt.bse[:,0], rtol=1e-02)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(t_Int, rslt.tvalues[:,0], rtol=1e-02)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(est_OCC, rslt.params[:,1], rtol=1e-03)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(se_OCC, rslt.bse[:,1], rtol=1e-02)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(t_OCC, rslt.tvalues[:,1], rtol=1e-02)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(est_OWN, rslt.params[:,2], rtol=1e-03)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(se_OWN, rslt.bse[:,2], rtol=1e-02)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(t_OWN, rslt.tvalues[:,2], rtol=1e-02)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(est_POP, rslt.params[:,3], rtol=1e-02)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(se_POP, rslt.bse[:,3], rtol=1e-02)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(t_POP, rslt.tvalues[:,3], rtol=1e-02)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(est_UNEMP, rslt.params[:,4], rtol=1e-02)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(se_UNEMP, rslt.bse[:,4], rtol=1e-02)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(t_UNEMP, rslt.tvalues[:,4], rtol=1e-02)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(yhat, rslt.mu, rtol=1e-04)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(pdev, rslt.pDev, rtol=1e-05)
+
+    def test_GS_NN(self):
+        est_Int = self.GS_NN.by_col(' est_Intercept')
+        se_Int = self.GS_NN.by_col(' se_Intercept')
+        t_Int = self.GS_NN.by_col(' t_Intercept')
+        est_OCC = self.GS_NN.by_col(' est_OCC_TEC')
+        se_OCC = self.GS_NN.by_col(' se_OCC_TEC')
+        t_OCC = self.GS_NN.by_col(' t_OCC_TEC')
+        est_OWN = self.GS_NN.by_col(' est_OWNH')
+        se_OWN = self.GS_NN.by_col(' se_OWNH')
+        t_OWN = self.GS_NN.by_col(' t_OWNH')
+        est_POP = self.GS_NN.by_col(' est_POP65')
+        se_POP = self.GS_NN.by_col(' se_POP65')
+        t_POP = self.GS_NN.by_col(' t_POP65')
+        est_UNEMP = self.GS_NN.by_col(' est_UNEMP')
+        se_UNEMP = self.GS_NN.by_col(' se_UNEMP')
+        t_UNEMP = self.GS_NN.by_col(' t_UNEMP')
+        yhat = self.GS_NN.by_col(' yhat')
+        pdev = np.array(self.GS_NN.by_col(' localpdev')).reshape((-1,1))
+        
+        model = GWR(self.coords, self.y, self.X, bw=50, family=Poisson(), 
+                kernel='gaussian', fixed=False)
+        rslt = model.fit()
+        
+        AICc = get_AICc(rslt)
+        AIC = get_AIC(rslt)
+        BIC = get_BIC(rslt)
+        
+        self.assertAlmostEquals(np.floor(AICc), 21070.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEquals(np.floor(AIC), 21069.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEquals(np.floor(BIC), 21111.0)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(est_Int, rslt.params[:,0], rtol=1e-04)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(se_Int, rslt.bse[:,0], rtol=1e-02)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(t_Int, rslt.tvalues[:,0], rtol=1e-02)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(est_OCC, rslt.params[:,1], rtol=1e-03)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(se_OCC, rslt.bse[:,1], rtol=1e-02)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(t_OCC, rslt.tvalues[:,1], rtol=1e-02)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(est_OWN, rslt.params[:,2], rtol=1e-04)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(se_OWN, rslt.bse[:,2], rtol=1e-02)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(t_OWN, rslt.tvalues[:,2], rtol=1e-02)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(est_POP, rslt.params[:,3], rtol=1e-02)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(se_POP, rslt.bse[:,3], rtol=1e-02)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(t_POP, rslt.tvalues[:,3], rtol=1e-02)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(est_UNEMP, rslt.params[:,4], rtol=1e-02)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(se_UNEMP, rslt.bse[:,4], rtol=1e-02)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(t_UNEMP, rslt.tvalues[:,4], rtol=1e-02)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(yhat, rslt.mu, rtol=1e-04)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(pdev, rslt.pDev, rtol=1e-05)
+
+class TestGWRBinomial(unittest.TestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        data = pysal.open(pysal.examples.get_path('landslides.csv'))
+        self.coords = zip(data.by_col('X'), data.by_col('Y'))
+        self.y = np.array(data.by_col('Landslid')).reshape((-1,1))
+        ELEV  = np.array(data.by_col('Elev')).reshape((-1,1))
+        SLOPE = np.array(data.by_col('Slope')).reshape((-1,1)) 
+        SIN = np.array(data.by_col('SinAspct')).reshape((-1,1))
+        COS = np.array(data.by_col('CosAspct')).reshape((-1,1))
+        SOUTH = np.array(data.by_col('AbsSouth')).reshape((-1,1))
+        DIST = np.array(data.by_col('DistStrm')).reshape((-1,1))
+        self.X = np.hstack([ELEV, SLOPE, SIN, COS, SOUTH, DIST])
+        self.BS_F = pysal.open(pysal.examples.get_path('clearwater_BS_F_listwise.csv'))
+        self.BS_NN = pysal.open(pysal.examples.get_path('clearwater_BS_NN_listwise.csv'))
+        self.GS_F = pysal.open(pysal.examples.get_path('clearwater_GS_F_listwise.csv'))
+        self.GS_NN = pysal.open(pysal.examples.get_path('clearwater_GS_NN_listwise.csv'))
+
+    def test_BS_F(self):
+        est_Int = self.BS_F.by_col(' est_Intercept')
+        se_Int = self.BS_F.by_col(' se_Intercept')
+        t_Int = self.BS_F.by_col(' t_Intercept')
+        est_elev = self.BS_F.by_col(' est_Elev')
+        se_elev = self.BS_F.by_col(' se_Elev')
+        t_elev = self.BS_F.by_col(' t_Elev')
+        est_slope = self.BS_F.by_col(' est_Slope')
+        se_slope = self.BS_F.by_col(' se_Slope')
+        t_slope = self.BS_F.by_col(' t_Slope')
+        est_sin = self.BS_F.by_col(' est_SinAspct')
+        se_sin = self.BS_F.by_col(' se_SinAspct')
+        t_sin = self.BS_F.by_col(' t_SinAspct')
+        est_cos = self.BS_F.by_col(' est_CosAspct')
+        se_cos = self.BS_F.by_col(' se_CosAspct')
+        t_cos = self.BS_F.by_col(' t_CosAspct')
+        est_south = self.BS_F.by_col(' est_AbsSouth')
+        se_south = self.BS_F.by_col(' se_AbsSouth')
+        t_south = self.BS_F.by_col(' t_AbsSouth')
+        est_strm = self.BS_F.by_col(' est_DistStrm')
+        se_strm = self.BS_F.by_col(' se_DistStrm')
+        t_strm = self.BS_F.by_col(' t_DistStrm') 
+        yhat = self.BS_F.by_col(' yhat')
+        pdev = np.array(self.BS_F.by_col(' localpdev')).reshape((-1,1))
+
+        model = GWR(self.coords, self.y, self.X, bw=19642.170, family=Binomial(), 
+                kernel='bisquare', fixed=True)
+        rslt = model.fit()
+
+        AICc = get_AICc(rslt)
+        AIC = get_AIC(rslt)
+        BIC = get_BIC(rslt)
+        
+        self.assertAlmostEquals(np.floor(AICc), 275.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEquals(np.floor(AIC), 271.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEquals(np.floor(BIC), 349.0)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(est_Int, rslt.params[:,0], rtol=1e-00)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(se_Int, rslt.bse[:,0], rtol=1e-00)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(t_Int, rslt.tvalues[:,0], rtol=1e-00)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(est_elev, rslt.params[:,1], rtol=1e-00)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(se_elev, rslt.bse[:,1], rtol=1e-00)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(t_elev, rslt.tvalues[:,1], rtol=1e-00)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(est_slope, rslt.params[:,2], rtol=1e-00)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(se_slope, rslt.bse[:,2], rtol=1e-00)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(t_slope, rslt.tvalues[:,2], rtol=1e-00)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(est_sin, rslt.params[:,3], rtol=1e01)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(se_sin, rslt.bse[:,3], rtol=1e01)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(t_sin, rslt.tvalues[:,3], rtol=1e01)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(est_cos, rslt.params[:,4], rtol=1e01)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(se_cos, rslt.bse[:,4], rtol=1e01)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(t_cos, rslt.tvalues[:,4], rtol=1e01)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(est_south, rslt.params[:,5], rtol=1e01)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(se_south, rslt.bse[:,5], rtol=1e01)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(t_south, rslt.tvalues[:,5], rtol=1e01)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(est_strm, rslt.params[:,6], rtol=1e02)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(se_strm, rslt.bse[:,6], rtol=1e01)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(t_strm, rslt.tvalues[:,6], rtol=1e02)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(yhat, rslt.mu, rtol=1e-01)
+        #This test fails - likely due to compound rounding errors
+        #Has been tested using statsmodels.family calculations and
+        #code from Jing's python version, which both yield the same
+        #np.testing.assert_allclose(pdev, rslt.pDev, rtol=1e-05)
+    
+    def test_BS_NN(self):
+        est_Int = self.BS_NN.by_col(' est_Intercept')
+        se_Int = self.BS_NN.by_col(' se_Intercept')
+        t_Int = self.BS_NN.by_col(' t_Intercept')
+        est_elev = self.BS_NN.by_col(' est_Elev')
+        se_elev = self.BS_NN.by_col(' se_Elev')
+        t_elev = self.BS_NN.by_col(' t_Elev')
+        est_slope = self.BS_NN.by_col(' est_Slope')
+        se_slope = self.BS_NN.by_col(' se_Slope')
+        t_slope = self.BS_NN.by_col(' t_Slope')
+        est_sin = self.BS_NN.by_col(' est_SinAspct')
+        se_sin = self.BS_NN.by_col(' se_SinAspct')
+        t_sin = self.BS_NN.by_col(' t_SinAspct')
+        est_cos = self.BS_NN.by_col(' est_CosAspct')
+        se_cos = self.BS_NN.by_col(' se_CosAspct')
+        t_cos = self.BS_NN.by_col(' t_CosAspct')
+        est_south = self.BS_NN.by_col(' est_AbsSouth')
+        se_south = self.BS_NN.by_col(' se_AbsSouth')
+        t_south = self.BS_NN.by_col(' t_AbsSouth')
+        est_strm = self.BS_NN.by_col(' est_DistStrm')
+        se_strm = self.BS_NN.by_col(' se_DistStrm')
+        t_strm = self.BS_NN.by_col(' t_DistStrm') 
+        yhat = self.BS_NN.by_col(' yhat')
+        pdev = self.BS_NN.by_col(' localpdev')
+        
+        model = GWR(self.coords, self.y, self.X, bw=158, family=Binomial(), 
+                kernel='bisquare', fixed=False)
+        rslt = model.fit()
+
+        AICc = get_AICc(rslt)
+        AIC = get_AIC(rslt)
+        BIC = get_BIC(rslt)
+        
+        self.assertAlmostEquals(np.floor(AICc), 277.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEquals(np.floor(AIC), 271.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEquals(np.floor(BIC), 358.0)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(est_Int, rslt.params[:,0], rtol=1e-00)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(se_Int, rslt.bse[:,0], rtol=1e-00)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(t_Int, rslt.tvalues[:,0], rtol=1e-00)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(est_elev, rslt.params[:,1], rtol=1e-00)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(se_elev, rslt.bse[:,1], rtol=1e-00)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(t_elev, rslt.tvalues[:,1], rtol=1e-00)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(est_slope, rslt.params[:,2], rtol=1e-00)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(se_slope, rslt.bse[:,2], rtol=1e-00)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(t_slope, rslt.tvalues[:,2], rtol=1e-00)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(est_sin, rslt.params[:,3], rtol=1e01)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(se_sin, rslt.bse[:,3], rtol=1e01)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(t_sin, rslt.tvalues[:,3], rtol=1e01)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(est_cos, rslt.params[:,4], rtol=1e01)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(se_cos, rslt.bse[:,4], rtol=1e01)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(t_cos, rslt.tvalues[:,4], rtol=1e01)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(est_south, rslt.params[:,5], rtol=1e01)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(se_south, rslt.bse[:,5], rtol=1e01)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(t_south, rslt.tvalues[:,5], rtol=1e01)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(est_strm, rslt.params[:,6], rtol=1e03)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(se_strm, rslt.bse[:,6], rtol=1e01)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(t_strm, rslt.tvalues[:,6], rtol=1e03)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(yhat, rslt.mu, rtol=1e-01)
+        #This test fails - likely due to compound rounding errors
+        #Has been tested using statsmodels.family calculations and
+        #code from Jing's python version, which both yield the same
+        #np.testing.assert_allclose(pdev, rslt.pDev, rtol=1e-05)
+
+    def test_GS_F(self):
+        est_Int = self.GS_F.by_col(' est_Intercept')
+        se_Int = self.GS_F.by_col(' se_Intercept')
+        t_Int = self.GS_F.by_col(' t_Intercept')
+        est_elev = self.GS_F.by_col(' est_Elev')
+        se_elev = self.GS_F.by_col(' se_Elev')
+        t_elev = self.GS_F.by_col(' t_Elev')
+        est_slope = self.GS_F.by_col(' est_Slope')
+        se_slope = self.GS_F.by_col(' se_Slope')
+        t_slope = self.GS_F.by_col(' t_Slope')
+        est_sin = self.GS_F.by_col(' est_SinAspct')
+        se_sin = self.GS_F.by_col(' se_SinAspct')
+        t_sin = self.GS_F.by_col(' t_SinAspct')
+        est_cos = self.GS_F.by_col(' est_CosAspct')
+        se_cos = self.GS_F.by_col(' se_CosAspct')
+        t_cos = self.GS_F.by_col(' t_CosAspct')
+        est_south = self.GS_F.by_col(' est_AbsSouth')
+        se_south = self.GS_F.by_col(' se_AbsSouth')
+        t_south = self.GS_F.by_col(' t_AbsSouth')
+        est_strm = self.GS_F.by_col(' est_DistStrm')
+        se_strm = self.GS_F.by_col(' se_DistStrm')
+        t_strm = self.GS_F.by_col(' t_DistStrm') 
+        yhat = self.GS_F.by_col(' yhat')
+        pdev = self.GS_F.by_col(' localpdev')
+
+        model = GWR(self.coords, self.y, self.X, bw=8929.061, family=Binomial(), 
+                kernel='gaussian', fixed=True)
+        rslt = model.fit()
+        
+        AICc = get_AICc(rslt)
+        AIC = get_AIC(rslt)
+        BIC = get_BIC(rslt)
+        
+        self.assertAlmostEquals(np.floor(AICc), 276.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEquals(np.floor(AIC), 272.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEquals(np.floor(BIC), 341.0)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(est_Int, rslt.params[:,0], rtol=1e-00)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(se_Int, rslt.bse[:,0], rtol=1e-00)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(t_Int, rslt.tvalues[:,0], rtol=1e-00)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(est_elev, rslt.params[:,1], rtol=1e-00)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(se_elev, rslt.bse[:,1], rtol=1e-00)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(t_elev, rslt.tvalues[:,1], rtol=1e-00)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(est_slope, rslt.params[:,2], rtol=1e-00)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(se_slope, rslt.bse[:,2], rtol=1e-00)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(t_slope, rslt.tvalues[:,2], rtol=1e-00)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(est_sin, rslt.params[:,3], rtol=1e01)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(se_sin, rslt.bse[:,3], rtol=1e01)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(t_sin, rslt.tvalues[:,3], rtol=1e01)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(est_cos, rslt.params[:,4], rtol=1e01)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(se_cos, rslt.bse[:,4], rtol=1e01)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(t_cos, rslt.tvalues[:,4], rtol=1e01)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(est_south, rslt.params[:,5], rtol=1e01)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(se_south, rslt.bse[:,5], rtol=1e01)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(t_south, rslt.tvalues[:,5], rtol=1e01)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(est_strm, rslt.params[:,6], rtol=1e02)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(se_strm, rslt.bse[:,6], rtol=1e01)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(t_strm, rslt.tvalues[:,6], rtol=1e02)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(yhat, rslt.mu, rtol=1e-01)
+        #This test fails - likely due to compound rounding errors
+        #Has been tested using statsmodels.family calculations and
+        #code from Jing's python version, which both yield the same
+        #np.testing.assert_allclose(pdev, rslt.pDev, rtol=1e-05)
+
+    def test_GS_NN(self):
+        est_Int = self.GS_NN.by_col(' est_Intercept')
+        se_Int = self.GS_NN.by_col(' se_Intercept')
+        t_Int = self.GS_NN.by_col(' t_Intercept')
+        est_elev = self.GS_NN.by_col(' est_Elev')
+        se_elev = self.GS_NN.by_col(' se_Elev')
+        t_elev = self.GS_NN.by_col(' t_Elev')
+        est_slope = self.GS_NN.by_col(' est_Slope')
+        se_slope = self.GS_NN.by_col(' se_Slope')
+        t_slope = self.GS_NN.by_col(' t_Slope')
+        est_sin = self.GS_NN.by_col(' est_SinAspct')
+        se_sin = self.GS_NN.by_col(' se_SinAspct')
+        t_sin = self.GS_NN.by_col(' t_SinAspct')
+        est_cos = self.GS_NN.by_col(' est_CosAspct')
+        se_cos = self.GS_NN.by_col(' se_CosAspct')
+        t_cos = self.GS_NN.by_col(' t_CosAspct')
+        est_south = self.GS_NN.by_col(' est_AbsSouth')
+        se_south = self.GS_NN.by_col(' se_AbsSouth')
+        t_south = self.GS_NN.by_col(' t_AbsSouth')
+        est_strm = self.GS_NN.by_col(' est_DistStrm')
+        se_strm = self.GS_NN.by_col(' se_DistStrm')
+        t_strm = self.GS_NN.by_col(' t_DistStrm') 
+        yhat = self.GS_NN.by_col(' yhat')
+        pdev = self.GS_NN.by_col(' localpdev')
+        
+        model = GWR(self.coords, self.y, self.X, bw=64, family=Binomial(), 
+                kernel='gaussian', fixed=False)
+        rslt = model.fit()
+
+        AICc = get_AICc(rslt)
+        AIC = get_AIC(rslt)
+        BIC = get_BIC(rslt)
+        
+        self.assertAlmostEquals(np.floor(AICc), 276.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEquals(np.floor(AIC), 273.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEquals(np.floor(BIC), 331.0)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(est_Int, rslt.params[:,0], rtol=1e-00)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(se_Int, rslt.bse[:,0], rtol=1e-00)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(t_Int, rslt.tvalues[:,0], rtol=1e-00)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(est_elev, rslt.params[:,1], rtol=1e-00)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(se_elev, rslt.bse[:,1], rtol=1e-00)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(t_elev, rslt.tvalues[:,1], rtol=1e-00)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(est_slope, rslt.params[:,2], rtol=1e-00)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(se_slope, rslt.bse[:,2], rtol=1e-00)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(t_slope, rslt.tvalues[:,2], rtol=1e-00)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(est_sin, rslt.params[:,3], rtol=1e01)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(se_sin, rslt.bse[:,3], rtol=1e01)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(t_sin, rslt.tvalues[:,3], rtol=1e01)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(est_cos, rslt.params[:,4], rtol=1e01)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(se_cos, rslt.bse[:,4], rtol=1e01)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(t_cos, rslt.tvalues[:,4], rtol=1e01)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(est_south, rslt.params[:,5], rtol=1e01)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(se_south, rslt.bse[:,5], rtol=1e01)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(t_south, rslt.tvalues[:,5], rtol=1e01)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(est_strm, rslt.params[:,6], rtol=1e02)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(se_strm, rslt.bse[:,6], rtol=1e01)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(t_strm, rslt.tvalues[:,6], rtol=1e02)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(yhat, rslt.mu, rtol=1e-00)
+        #This test fails - likely due to compound rounding errors
+        #Has been tested using statsmodels.family calculations and
+        #code from Jing's python version, which both yield the same
+        #np.testing.assert_allclose(pdev, rslt.pDev, rtol=1e-05)
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+	unittest.main()

release/python/0.8.0/crankshaft/crankshaft/regression/gwr/base/tests/test_kernels.py

@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+import unittest
+import numpy as np
+import pysal
+from pysal.contrib.gwr.kernels import *
+
+PEGP = pysal.examples.get_path
+
+class TestKernels(unittest.TestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        np.random.seed(1234)
+        x = np.arange(1,6)
+        y = np.arange(5,0, -1)
+        np.random.shuffle(x)
+        np.random.shuffle(y)
+        self.coords = np.array(zip(x, y))
+        self.fix_gauss_kern = np.array([
+        [ 1.        ,  0.38889556,  0.48567179,  0.48567179,  0.89483932],
+        [ 0.38889556,  1.        ,  0.89483932,  0.64118039,  0.48567179],
+        [ 0.48567179,  0.89483932,  1.        ,  0.89483932,  0.48567179],
+        [ 0.48567179,  0.64118039,  0.89483932,  1.        ,  0.38889556],
+        [ 0.89483932,  0.48567179,  0.48567179,  0.38889556,  1.        ]])
+        self.adapt_gauss_kern = np.array([
+        [ 1.        ,  0.52004183,  0.60653072,  0.60653072,  0.92596109],
+        [ 0.34559083,  1.        ,  0.88249692,  0.60653072,  0.44374738],
+        [ 0.03877423,  0.60653072,  1.        ,  0.60653072,  0.03877423],
+        [ 0.44374738,  0.60653072,  0.88249692,  1.        ,  0.34559083],
+        [ 0.92596109,  0.60653072,  0.60653072,  0.52004183,  1.        ]])
+        self.fix_bisquare_kern = np.array([
+        [ 1.        ,  0.        ,  0.        ,  0.        ,  0.60493827],
+        [ 0.        ,  1.        ,  0.60493827,  0.01234568,  0.        ],
+        [ 0.        ,  0.60493827,  1.        ,  0.60493827,  0.        ],
+        [ 0.        ,  0.01234568,  0.60493827,  1.        ,  0.        ],
+        [ 0.60493827,  0.        ,  0.        ,  0.        ,  1.        ]])
+        self.adapt_bisquare_kern = np.array([
+        [  1.00000000e+00,   0.00000000e+00,   0.00000000e+00,
+           3.99999881e-14,   7.15976383e-01],
+        [  0.00000000e+00,   1.00000000e+00,   5.62500075e-01,
+           3.99999881e-14,   0.00000000e+00],
+        [  0.00000000e+00,   3.99999881e-14,   1.00000000e+00,
+           3.99999881e-14,   0.00000000e+00],
+        [  0.00000000e+00,   3.99999881e-14,   5.62500075e-01,
+           1.00000000e+00,   0.00000000e+00],
+        [  7.15976383e-01,   0.00000000e+00,   3.99999881e-14,
+           0.00000000e+00,   1.00000000e+00]])
+        self.fix_exp_kern = np.array([
+        [ 1.        ,  0.2529993 ,  0.30063739,  0.30063739,  0.62412506],
+        [ 0.2529993 ,  1.        ,  0.62412506,  0.38953209,  0.30063739],
+        [ 0.30063739,  0.62412506,  1.        ,  0.62412506,  0.30063739],
+        [ 0.30063739,  0.38953209,  0.62412506,  1.        ,  0.2529993 ],
+        [ 0.62412506,  0.30063739,  0.30063739,  0.2529993 ,  1.        ]])
+        self.adapt_exp_kern = np.array([
+        [ 1.        ,  0.31868771,  0.36787948,  0.36787948,  0.67554721],
+        [ 0.23276223,  1.        ,  0.60653069,  0.36787948,  0.27949951],
+        [ 0.07811997,  0.36787948,  1.        ,  0.36787948,  0.07811997],
+        [ 0.27949951,  0.36787948,  0.60653069,  1.        ,  0.23276223],
+        [ 0.67554721,  0.36787948,  0.36787948,  0.31868771,  1.        ]])
+
+    def test_fix_gauss(self):
+        kern = fix_gauss(self.coords, 3)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(kern, self.fix_gauss_kern)
+
+    def test_adapt_gauss(self):
+        kern = adapt_gauss(self.coords, 3)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(kern, self.adapt_gauss_kern)
+
+    def test_fix_biqsquare(self):
+        kern = fix_bisquare(self.coords, 3)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(kern, self.fix_bisquare_kern,
+                atol=1e-01)
+
+    def test_adapt_bisqaure(self):
+        kern = adapt_bisquare(self.coords, 3)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(kern, self.adapt_bisquare_kern, atol=1e-012)
+    
+    def test_fix_exp(self):
+        kern = fix_exp(self.coords, 3)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(kern, self.fix_exp_kern)
+
+    def test_adapt_exp(self):
+        kern = adapt_exp(self.coords, 3)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(kern, self.adapt_exp_kern)
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    unittest.main()

release/python/0.8.0/crankshaft/crankshaft/regression/gwr/base/tests/test_sel_bw.py

@@ -0,0 +1,139 @@
+
+"""
+GWR is tested against results from GWR4
+"""
+
+import unittest
+import pickle as pk
+from pysal.contrib.glm.family import Gaussian, Poisson, Binomial
+from pysal.contrib.gwr.sel_bw import Sel_BW
+import numpy as np
+import pysal
+
+class TestSelBW(unittest.TestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        data = pysal.open(pysal.examples.get_path('GData_utm.csv'))
+        self.coords = zip(data.by_col('X'), data.by_col('Y'))
+        self.y = np.array(data.by_col('PctBach')).reshape((-1,1))
+        rural  = np.array(data.by_col('PctRural')).reshape((-1,1))
+        pov = np.array(data.by_col('PctPov')).reshape((-1,1)) 
+        black = np.array(data.by_col('PctBlack')).reshape((-1,1))
+        self.X = np.hstack([rural, pov, black])
+        self.XB = pk.load(open(pysal.examples.get_path('XB.p'), 'r'))
+        self.err = pk.load(open(pysal.examples.get_path('err.p'), 'r'))
+  
+    def test_golden_fixed_AICc(self):
+        bw1 = 211027.34
+        bw2 = Sel_BW(self.coords, self.y, self.X, kernel='bisquare',
+                fixed=True).search(criterion='AICc')
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(bw1, bw2)
+
+    def test_golden_adapt_AICc(self):
+        bw1 = 93.0
+        bw2 = Sel_BW(self.coords, self.y, self.X, kernel='bisquare',
+                fixed=False).search(criterion='AICc')
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(bw1, bw2)
+
+    def test_golden_fixed_AIC(self):
+        bw1 = 76169.15
+        bw2 = Sel_BW(self.coords, self.y, self.X, kernel='gaussian',
+                fixed=True).search(criterion='AIC')
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(bw1, bw2)
+    
+    def test_golden_adapt_AIC(self):
+        bw1 = 50.0
+        bw2 = Sel_BW(self.coords, self.y, self.X, kernel='gaussian',
+                fixed=False).search(criterion='AIC')
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(bw1, bw2)
+    
+    def test_golden_fixed_BIC(self):
+        bw1 = 279451.43
+        bw2 = Sel_BW(self.coords, self.y, self.X, kernel='gaussian',
+                fixed=True).search(criterion='BIC')
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(bw1, bw2)
+    
+    def test_golden_adapt_BIC(self):
+        bw1 = 62.0
+        bw2 = Sel_BW(self.coords, self.y, self.X, kernel='gaussian',
+                fixed=False).search(criterion='BIC')
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(bw1, bw2)
+    
+    def test_golden_fixed_CV(self):
+        bw1 = 130406.67
+        bw2 = Sel_BW(self.coords, self.y, self.X, kernel='gaussian',
+                fixed=True).search(criterion='CV')
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(bw1, bw2)
+    
+    def test_golden_adapt_CV(self):
+        bw1 = 68.0
+        bw2 = Sel_BW(self.coords, self.y, self.X, kernel='gaussian',
+                fixed=False).search(criterion='CV')
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(bw1, bw2)
+   
+    def test_interval_fixed_AICc(self):
+        bw1 = 211025.0#211027.00
+        bw2 = Sel_BW(self.coords, self.y, self.X, kernel='bisquare',
+                fixed=True).search(criterion='AICc', search='interval', bw_min=211001.,
+                        bw_max=211035.0, interval=2)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(bw1, bw2)
+
+    def test_interval_adapt_AICc(self):
+        bw1 = 93.0
+        bw2 = Sel_BW(self.coords, self.y, self.X, kernel='bisquare',
+                fixed=False).search(criterion='AICc', search='interval',
+                        bw_min=90.0, bw_max=95.0, interval=1)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(bw1, bw2)
+
+    def test_interval_fixed_AIC(self):
+        bw1 = 76175.0#76169.00
+        bw2 = Sel_BW(self.coords, self.y, self.X, kernel='gaussian',
+                fixed=True).search(criterion='AIC', search='interval',
+                        bw_min=76161.0, bw_max=76175.0, interval=1)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(bw1, bw2)
+    
+    def test_interval_adapt_AIC(self):
+        bw1 = 40.0#50.0
+        bw2 = Sel_BW(self.coords, self.y, self.X, kernel='gaussian',
+                fixed=False).search(criterion='AIC', search='interval', bw_min=40.0,
+                        bw_max=60.0, interval=2)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(bw1, bw2)
+    
+    def test_interval_fixed_BIC(self):
+        bw1 = 279461.0#279451.00
+        bw2 = Sel_BW(self.coords, self.y, self.X, kernel='gaussian',
+                fixed=True).search(criterion='BIC', search='interval', bw_min=279441.0,
+                        bw_max=279461.0, interval=2)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(bw1, bw2)
+    
+    def test_interval_adapt_BIC(self):
+        bw1 = 62.0
+        bw2 = Sel_BW(self.coords, self.y, self.X, kernel='gaussian',
+                fixed=False).search(criterion='BIC', search='interval',
+                        bw_min=52.0, bw_max=72.0, interval=2)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(bw1, bw2)
+    
+    def test_interval_fixed_CV(self):
+        bw1 = 130400.0#130406.00
+        bw2 = Sel_BW(self.coords, self.y, self.X, kernel='gaussian',
+                fixed=True).search(criterion='CV', search='interval', bw_min=130400.0,
+                        bw_max=130410.0, interval=1)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(bw1, bw2)
+    
+    def test_interval_adapt_CV(self):
+        bw1 = 62.0#68.0
+        bw2 = Sel_BW(self.coords, self.y, self.X, kernel='gaussian',
+                fixed=False).search(criterion='CV', search='interval', bw_min=60.0,
+                        bw_max=76.0 , interval=2)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(bw1, bw2)
+
+    def test_FBGWR_AIC(self):
+        bw1 = [157.0, 65.0, 52.0]
+        sel = Sel_BW(self.coords, self.y, self.X, fb=True, kernel='bisquare',
+                constant=False)
+        bw2 = sel.search(tol_fb=1e-03)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(bw1, bw2)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(sel.XB, self.XB, atol=1e-05)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(sel.err, self.err, atol=1e-05)
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+	unittest.main()

release/python/0.8.0/crankshaft/crankshaft/regression/gwr_cs.py

@@ -0,0 +1,202 @@
+"""
+    Geographically weighted regression
+"""
+import numpy as np
+from gwr.base.gwr import GWR as PySAL_GWR
+from gwr.base.sel_bw import Sel_BW
+import json
+from crankshaft.analysis_data_provider import AnalysisDataProvider
+import plpy
+
+
+class GWR:
+    def __init__(self, data_provider=None):
+        if data_provider:
+            self.data_provider = data_provider
+        else:
+            self.data_provider = AnalysisDataProvider()
+
+    def gwr(self, subquery, dep_var, ind_vars,
+            bw=None, fixed=False, kernel='bisquare',
+            geom_col='the_geom', id_col='cartodb_id'):
+        """
+            subquery: 'select * from demographics'
+            dep_var: 'pctbachelor'
+            ind_vars: ['intercept', 'pctpov', 'pctrural', 'pctblack']
+            bw: value of bandwidth, if None then select optimal
+            fixed: False (kNN) or True ('distance')
+            kernel: 'bisquare' (default), or 'exponential', 'gaussian'
+        """
+
+        params = {'geom_col': geom_col,
+                  'id_col': id_col,
+                  'subquery': subquery,
+                  'dep_var': dep_var,
+                  'ind_vars': ind_vars}
+
+        # get data from data provider
+        query_result = self.data_provider.get_gwr(params)
+
+        # exit if data to analyze is empty
+        if len(query_result) == 0:
+            plpy.error('No data passed to analysis or independent variables '
+                       'are all null-valued')
+
+        # unique ids and variable names list
+        rowid = np.array(query_result[0]['rowid'], dtype=np.int)
+
+        # x, y are centroids of input geometries
+        x = np.array(query_result[0]['x'], dtype=np.float)
+        y = np.array(query_result[0]['y'], dtype=np.float)
+        coords = zip(x, y)
+
+        # extract dependent variable
+        Y = np.array(query_result[0]['dep_var'], dtype=np.float).reshape((-1, 1))
+
+        n = Y.shape[0]
+        k = len(ind_vars)
+        X = np.zeros((n, k))
+
+        # extract query result
+        for attr in range(0, k):
+            attr_name = 'attr' + str(attr + 1)
+            X[:, attr] = np.array(
+              query_result[0][attr_name], dtype=np.float).flatten()
+
+        # add intercept variable name
+        ind_vars.insert(0, 'intercept')
+
+        # calculate bandwidth if none is supplied
+        if bw is None:
+            bw = Sel_BW(coords, Y, X,
+                        fixed=fixed, kernel=kernel).search()
+        model = PySAL_GWR(coords, Y, X, bw,
+                          fixed=fixed, kernel=kernel).fit()
+
+        # containers for outputs
+        coeffs = []
+        stand_errs = []
+        t_vals = []
+        filtered_t_vals = []
+
+        # extracted model information
+        c_alpha = model.adj_alpha
+        filtered_t = model.filter_tvals(c_alpha[1])
+        predicted = model.predy.flatten()
+        residuals = model.resid_response
+        r_squared = model.localR2.flatten()
+        bw = np.repeat(float(bw), n)
+
+        # create lists of json objs for model outputs
+        for idx in xrange(n):
+            coeffs.append(json.dumps({var: model.params[idx, k]
+                                      for k, var in enumerate(ind_vars)}))
+            stand_errs.append(json.dumps({var: model.bse[idx, k]
+                                          for k, var in enumerate(ind_vars)}))
+            t_vals.append(json.dumps({var: model.tvalues[idx, k]
+                                      for k, var in enumerate(ind_vars)}))
+            filtered_t_vals.append(
+                    json.dumps({var: filtered_t[idx, k]
+                                for k, var in enumerate(ind_vars)}))
+
+        return zip(coeffs, stand_errs, t_vals, filtered_t_vals,
+                   predicted, residuals, r_squared, bw, rowid)
+
+    def gwr_predict(self, subquery, dep_var, ind_vars,
+                    bw=None, fixed=False, kernel='bisquare',
+                    geom_col='the_geom', id_col='cartodb_id'):
+        """
+        subquery: 'select * from demographics'
+        dep_var: 'pctbachelor'
+        ind_vars: ['intercept', 'pctpov', 'pctrural', 'pctblack']
+        bw: value of bandwidth, if None then select optimal
+        fixed: False (kNN) or True ('distance')
+        kernel: 'bisquare' (default), or 'exponential', 'gaussian'
+        """
+
+        params = {'geom_col': geom_col,
+                  'id_col': id_col,
+                  'subquery': subquery,
+                  'dep_var': dep_var,
+                  'ind_vars': ind_vars}
+
+        # get data from data provider
+        query_result = self.data_provider.get_gwr_predict(params)
+
+        # exit if data to analyze is empty
+        if len(query_result) == 0:
+            plpy.error('No data passed to analysis or independent variables '
+                       'are all null-valued')
+
+        # unique ids and variable names list
+        rowid = np.array(query_result[0]['rowid'], dtype=np.int)
+
+        x = np.array(query_result[0]['x'], dtype=np.float)
+        y = np.array(query_result[0]['y'], dtype=np.float)
+        coords = np.array(zip(x, y), dtype=np.float)
+
+        # extract dependent variable
+        Y = np.array(query_result[0]['dep_var']).reshape((-1, 1))
+
+        n = Y.shape[0]
+        k = len(ind_vars)
+        X = np.empty((n, k), dtype=np.float)
+
+        for attr in range(0, k):
+            attr_name = 'attr' + str(attr + 1)
+            X[:, attr] = np.array(
+              query_result[0][attr_name], dtype=np.float).flatten()
+
+        # add intercept variable name
+        ind_vars.insert(0, 'intercept')
+
+        # split data into "training" and "test" for predictions
+        # create index to split based on null y values
+        train = np.where(Y != np.array(None))[0]
+        test = np.where(Y == np.array(None))[0]
+
+        # report error if there is no data to predict
+        if len(test) < 1:
+            plpy.error('No rows flagged for prediction: verify that rows '
+                       'denoting prediction locations have a dependent '
+                       'variable value of `null`')
+
+        # split dependent variable (only need training which is non-Null's)
+        Y_train = Y[train].reshape((-1, 1))
+        Y_train = Y_train.astype(np.float)
+
+        # split coords
+        coords_train = coords[train]
+        coords_test = coords[test]
+
+        # split explanatory variables
+        X_train = X[train]
+        X_test = X[test]
+
+        # calculate bandwidth if none is supplied
+        if bw is None:
+            bw = Sel_BW(coords_train, Y_train, X_train,
+                        fixed=fixed, kernel=kernel).search()
+
+        # estimate model and predict at new locations
+        model = PySAL_GWR(coords_train, Y_train, X_train,
+                          bw, fixed=fixed,
+                          kernel=kernel).predict(coords_test, X_test)
+
+        coeffs = []
+        stand_errs = []
+        t_vals = []
+        r_squared = model.localR2.flatten()
+        predicted = model.predy.flatten()
+
+        m = len(model.predy)
+        for idx in xrange(m):
+            coeffs.append(json.dumps({var: model.params[idx, k]
+                                      for k, var in enumerate(ind_vars)}))
+            stand_errs.append(json.dumps({var: model.bse[idx, k]
+                                          for k, var in enumerate(ind_vars)}))
+            t_vals.append(json.dumps({var: model.tvalues[idx, k]
+                                      for k, var in enumerate(ind_vars)}))
+
+        return zip(coeffs, stand_errs, t_vals,
+                   r_squared, predicted, rowid[test])

release/python/0.8.0/crankshaft/crankshaft/segmentation/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+from segmentation import * 

release/python/0.8.0/crankshaft/crankshaft/segmentation/segmentation.py

@@ -0,0 +1,176 @@
+"""
+Segmentation creation and prediction
+"""
+
+import sklearn
+import numpy as np
+import plpy
+from sklearn.ensemble import GradientBoostingRegressor
+from sklearn import metrics
+from sklearn.cross_validation import train_test_split
+
+# Lower level functions
+#----------------------
+
+def replace_nan_with_mean(array):
+    """
+        Input:
+            @param array: an array of floats which may have null-valued entries
+        Output:
+            array with nans filled in with the mean of the dataset
+    """
+    # returns an array of rows and column indices
+    indices = np.where(np.isnan(array))
+
+    # iterate through entries which have nan values
+    for row, col in zip(*indices):
+            array[row, col] = np.mean(array[~np.isnan(array[:, col]), col])
+
+    return array
+
+def get_data(variable, feature_columns, query):
+    """
+        Fetch data from the database, clean, and package into
+          numpy arrays
+        Input:
+            @param variable: name of the target variable
+            @param feature_columns: list of column names
+            @param query: subquery that data is pulled from for the packaging
+        Output:
+            prepared data, packaged into NumPy arrays
+    """
+
+    columns = ','.join(['array_agg("{col}") As "{col}"'.format(col=col) for col in feature_columns])
+
+    try:
+        data = plpy.execute('''SELECT array_agg("{variable}") As target, {columns} FROM ({query}) As a'''.format(
+            variable=variable,
+            columns=columns,
+            query=query))
+    except Exception, e:
+        plpy.error('Failed to access data to build segmentation model: %s' % e)
+
+    # extract target data from plpy object
+    target = np.array(data[0]['target'])
+
+    # put n feature data arrays into an n x m array of arrays
+    features = np.column_stack([np.array(data[0][col], dtype=float) for col in feature_columns])
+
+    return replace_nan_with_mean(target), replace_nan_with_mean(features)
+
+# High level interface
+# --------------------
+
+def create_and_predict_segment_agg(target, features, target_features, target_ids, model_parameters):
+    """
+    Version of create_and_predict_segment that works on arrays that come stright form the SQL calling
+    the function.
+
+        Input:
+            @param target: The 1D array of lenth NSamples containing the target variable we want the model to predict
+            @param features: Thw 2D array of size NSamples * NFeatures that form the imput to the model
+            @param target_ids: A 1D array of target_ids that will be used to associate the results of the prediction with the rows which they come from
+            @param model_parameters: A dictionary containing parameters for the model.
+    """
+
+    clean_target = replace_nan_with_mean(target)
+    clean_features = replace_nan_with_mean(features)
+    target_features = replace_nan_with_mean(target_features)
+
+    model, accuracy = train_model(clean_target, clean_features, model_parameters, 0.2)
+    prediction = model.predict(target_features)
+    accuracy_array = [accuracy]*prediction.shape[0]
+    return zip(target_ids, prediction, np.full(prediction.shape, accuracy_array))
+
+
+
+def create_and_predict_segment(query, variable, target_query, model_params):
+    """
+    generate a segment with machine learning
+    Stuart Lynn
+    """
+
+    ## fetch column names
+    try:
+        columns = plpy.execute('SELECT * FROM ({query}) As a LIMIT 1  '.format(query=query))[0].keys()
+    except Exception, e:
+        plpy.error('Failed to build segmentation model: %s' % e)
+
+    ## extract column names to be used in building the segmentation model
+    feature_columns = set(columns) - set([variable, 'cartodb_id', 'the_geom', 'the_geom_webmercator'])
+    ## get data from database
+    target, features = get_data(variable, feature_columns, query)
+
+    model, accuracy = train_model(target, features, model_params, 0.2)
+    cartodb_ids, result = predict_segment(model, feature_columns, target_query)
+    accuracy_array = [accuracy]*result.shape[0]
+    return zip(cartodb_ids, result, accuracy_array)
+
+
+def train_model(target, features, model_params, test_split):
+    """
+        Train the Gradient Boosting model on the provided data and calculate the accuracy of the model
+        Input:
+            @param target: 1D Array of the variable that the model is to be trianed to predict
+            @param features: 2D Array NSamples * NFeatures to use in trining the model
+            @param model_params: A dictionary of model parameters, the full specification can be found on the
+                scikit learn page for [GradientBoostingRegressor](http://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/generated/sklearn.ensemble.GradientBoostingRegressor.html)
+            @parma test_split: The fraction of the data to be withheld for testing the model / calculating the accuray
+    """
+    features_train, features_test, target_train, target_test = train_test_split(features, target, test_size=test_split)
+    model = GradientBoostingRegressor(**model_params)
+    model.fit(features_train, target_train)
+    accuracy = calculate_model_accuracy(model, features, target)
+    return model, accuracy
+
+def calculate_model_accuracy(model, features, target):
+    """
+        Calculate the mean squared error of the model prediction
+        Input:
+            @param model: model trained from input features
+            @param features: features to make a prediction from
+            @param target: target to compare prediction to
+        Output:
+            mean squared error of the model prection compared to the target
+    """
+    prediction = model.predict(features)
+    return metrics.mean_squared_error(prediction, target)
+
+def predict_segment(model, features, target_query):
+    """
+    Use the provided model to predict the values for the new feature set
+        Input:
+            @param model: The pretrained model
+            @features: A list of features to use in the model prediction (list of column names)
+            @target_query: The query to run to obtain the data to predict on and the cartdb_ids associated with it.
+    """
+
+    batch_size = 1000
+    joined_features = ','.join(['"{0}"::numeric'.format(a) for a in features])
+
+    try:
+        cursor = plpy.cursor('SELECT Array[{joined_features}] As features FROM ({target_query}) As a'.format(
+            joined_features=joined_features,
+            target_query=target_query))
+    except Exception, e:
+        plpy.error('Failed to build segmentation model: %s' % e)
+
+    results = []
+
+    while True:
+        rows = cursor.fetch(batch_size)
+        if not rows:
+            break
+        batch = np.row_stack([np.array(row['features'], dtype=float) for row in rows])
+
+        #Need to fix this. Should be global mean. This will cause weird effects
+        batch = replace_nan_with_mean(batch)
+        prediction = model.predict(batch)
+        results.append(prediction)
+
+    try:
+        cartodb_ids = plpy.execute('''SELECT array_agg(cartodb_id ORDER BY cartodb_id) As cartodb_ids FROM ({0}) As a'''.format(target_query))[0]['cartodb_ids']
+    except Exception, e:
+        plpy.error('Failed to build segmentation model: %s' % e)
+
+    return cartodb_ids, np.concatenate(results)