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409 lines
17 KiB
409 lines
17 KiB
4 years ago
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## Quickstart Guide
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CARTO.js lets you create custom location intelligence applications that leverage the power of the **[CARTO Engine](https://carto.com/pricing/engine/)** ecosystem.
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This document details CARTO.js v4. To update your v3 apps, please consult the [Upgrade Considerations]({{site.cartojs_docs}}/guides/upgrade-considerations/).
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### About this Guide
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This guide describes how to create a Leaflet map and display data from CARTO over the map. This demonstrates how CARTO.js can be used to
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1. Overlay Data from your CARTO account on any Map.
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2. Use Dataviews to Create Widgets.
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**Tip:** For more advanced documentation, view the [Full Reference API]({{site.cartojs_docs}}/reference/) or browse through some [examples]({{site.cartojs_docs}}/examples/). You can also read the [FAQs]({{site.cartojs_docs}}/support/faq/).
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### Audience
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This document is intended for website or mobile developers who want to include CARTO.js library within a webpage or mobile application. It provides an introduction to using the library and reference material on the available parameters.
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### Requesting an API Key
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CARTO.js requires using an API Key. From your CARTO dashboard, click [_Your API keys_](https://carto.com/login) from the avatar drop-down menu to view your uniquely generated API Key for managing data with CARTO Engine.
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If you want learn more about authorization and authentication, read the [authorization fundamentals section]({{site.fundamental_docs}}/authorization/).
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### Importing Datasets
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Before you start working on the map, you need to import a couple of datasets. For this guide, we will use CARTO's Data Library, available from *Your datasets* dashboard, to import and connect public datasets to your account.
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Alternatively, click the following links to download datasets from a public CARTO account:
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* [European countries (ne_adm0_europe)](https://carto.com/dataset/ne_adm0_europe)
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* [Populated places (ne_10m_populated_places_simple)](https://carto.com/dataset/ne_10m_populated_places_simple)
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Once downloaded, import the datasets to your CARTO account.
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### Setting up the Map
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By the end of the lesson, you will have generated an HTML file of a Leaflet Map showing CARTO's Voyager basemap and labels on top.
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#### Application Skeleton
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Create an HTML file using your preferred text editor and paste the following code to build the application skeleton:
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```html
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<!DOCTYPE html>
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<html>
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<head>
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<title>Guide | CARTO</title>
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<meta name="viewport" content="initial-scale=1.0">
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<meta charset="utf-8">
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<!-- Include Leaflet -->
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<script src="https://unpkg.com/leaflet/dist/leaflet.js"></script>
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<link href="https://unpkg.com/leaflet/dist/leaflet.css" rel="stylesheet">
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<!-- Include CARTO.js -->
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<script src="https://cartodb-libs.global.ssl.fastly.net/carto.js/%VERSION%/carto.min.js"></script>
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<!-- Fonts -->
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<link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open+Sans:300,400,600,700" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
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<style>
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* { margin:0; padding:0; }
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html { box-sizing:border-box; height:100%; }
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body { background:#f2f6f9; height:100%; font-family:"Open sans", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; }
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#container { display:flex; width:100%; height:100%; }
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#map { flex:1; margin:10px; }
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#widgets { width:300px; margin:10px 10px 10px 0; }
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.widget { background:white; padding:10px; margin-bottom:10px; }
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.widget h1 { font-size:1.2em; }
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.widget-formula .result { font-size:2em; }
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</style>
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</head>
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<body>
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<div id="container">
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<div id="map"></div>
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<div id="widgets">
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<div id="countriesWidget" class="widget">
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<h1>European countries</h1>
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<select class="js-countries">
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<option value="">All</option>
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</select>
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</div>
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<div id="avgPopulationWidget" class="widget widget-formula">
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<h1>Average population</h1>
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<p><span class="js-average-population result">xxx</span> inhabitants</p>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<script>
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// code will go here!
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</script>
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</body>
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</html>
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```
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The first part of the skeleton loads CARTO.js and Leaflet 1.2.0 assumes Leaflet is loaded in `window.L`. The library checks if the version of Leaflet is compatible. If not, it throws an error.
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The app skeleton also loads CARTO.js, adds some necessary elements, and defines a `script` tag. This is where you will write all the JavaScript code to make the example work.
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**Note:** While CARTO.js enables you to display data from CARTO on top of Leaflet or Google Maps map, the actual map settings are controlled via the [Leaflet](http://leafletjs.com/) or [Google Maps](https://hpneo.github.io/gmaps/) map options.
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#### Creating the Leaflet Map
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CARTO.js apps start from a Leaflet or Google Map. Let's use a basic [Leaflet](http://leafletjs.com/) map for this guide:
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```javascript
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const map = L.map('map').setView([50, 15], 4);
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```
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#### Adding Basemap and Label Layers
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Define the type of basemap to be used for the background of your map. For this guide, let's use [CARTO's Voyager basemap](https://carto.com/location-data-services/basemaps/).
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```javascript
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// Adding Voyager Basemap
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L.tileLayer('https://{s}.basemaps.cartocdn.com/rastertiles/voyager_nolabels/{z}/{x}/{y}.png', {
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maxZoom: 18
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}).addTo(map);
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// Adding Voyager Labels
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L.tileLayer('https://{s}.basemaps.cartocdn.com/rastertiles/voyager_only_labels/{z}/{x}/{y}.png', {
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maxZoom: 18,
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zIndex: 10
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}).addTo(map);
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```
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`L.tileLayer` creates a layer for the basemap and the `zIndex` property defines the basemap labels (that sit on top of the other layers).
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### Defining a `carto.Client`
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`carto.Client` is the entry point to CARTO.js. It handles the communication between your app and your CARTO account, which is defined by your API Key and your username.
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```javascript
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var client = new carto.Client({
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apiKey: '{API Key}',
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username: '{username}'
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});
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```
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**Warning:** Ensure that you modify any placeholder parameters shown in curly brackets with your own credentials. For example, `apiKey: '123abc',` and `username: 'john123'`.
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### Displaying Data on the Map
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Display data hosted on your CARTO account as map layers.
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### Defining Layers
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Layers are defined with `carto.layer.Layer` which include the dataset name and basic styling options with CartoCSS.
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```javascript
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const europeanCountriesDataset = new carto.source.Dataset(`
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ne_adm0_europe
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`);
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const europeanCountriesStyle = new carto.style.CartoCSS(`
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#layer {
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polygon-fill: #162945;
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polygon-opacity: 0.5;
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::outline {
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line-width: 1;
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line-color: #FFFFFF;
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line-opacity: 0.5;
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}
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}
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`);
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const europeanCountries = new carto.layer.Layer(europeanCountriesDataset, europeanCountriesStyle);
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```
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The first layer defines a `carto.source.Dataset` object that points to the imported dataset named `ne_adm0_europe`. To style the layer, define a `carto.style.CartoCSS` object that describes how polygons will be rendered.
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```javascript
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const populatedPlacesSource = new carto.source.SQL(`
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SELECT *
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FROM ne_10m_populated_places_simple
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WHERE adm0name IN (SELECT admin FROM ne_adm0_europe)
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`);
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const populatedPlacesStyle = new carto.style.CartoCSS(`
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#layer {
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marker-width: 8;
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marker-fill: #FF583E;
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marker-fill-opacity: 0.9;
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marker-line-width: 0.5;
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marker-line-color: #FFFFFF;
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marker-line-opacity: 1;
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marker-type: ellipse;
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marker-allow-overlap: false;
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}
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`);
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const populatedPlaces = new carto.layer.Layer(populatedPlacesSource, populatedPlacesStyle, {
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featureOverColumns: ['name']
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});
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```
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The second layer uses a more complex type of data source for the layer. `carto.source.SQL` provides more flexibility for defining the data that you want to display in a layer. For this guide, we are composing a `SELECT` statement that selects populated cities in Europe. (Optionally, you can change this query at runtime).
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The `featureOverColumns: ['name']` option we include in the layer creation defines what columns of the datasource will be available in `featureOver` events as we explain below.
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#### Adding Layers to the Client
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Before you can add layers to the map, the `carto.Client` variable needs to be notified that these layers exist. The client is responsible for grouping layers into a single Leaflet layer.
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```javascript
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client.addLayers([europeanCountries, populatedPlaces]);
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```
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#### Adding Layers to the Map
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Now that the client recognizes these two layers, this single Leaflet layer can be added to the map.
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```javascript
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client.getLeafletLayer().addTo(map);
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```
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As a result, your map should display polygons for each European country and red points represent populated cities.
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**Tip:** In order to change the order of layers, flip the order from `([A, B]);` to `(B, A);`
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### Setting up Tooltips
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Tooltips give map viewers information about the underlying data as they interact with the map by clicking or hovering over data. CARTO.js provides a simple mechanism to detect some of these interactions and use the data associated to them. For this guide, let's display a mouse hover tooltip showing the name of a city.
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#### Showing the Tooltip when User Mouses Over a City
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Layers trigger `featureOver` events when the map viewer hovers the mouse over a feature. The event includes data about the feature, such as the latitude and longitude, as well as specified column values defined in `featureOverColumns`.
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```javascript
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const popup = L.popup({ closeButton: false });
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populatedPlaces.on(carto.layer.events.FEATURE_OVER, featureEvent => {
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popup.setLatLng(featureEvent.latLng);
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if (!popup.isOpen()) {
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popup.setContent(featureEvent.data.name);
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popup.openOn(map);
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}
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});
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```
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In this snippet, we are defining a `L.popup` and listening to the `featureOver` event. When the event is triggered, the pop-up is positioned, populated with the name of the city, and added to the map.
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#### Hiding the Tooltip
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Similarly, layers trigger `featureOut` events when the map viewer is no longer moving the mouse over a feature. Use this event to hide the pop-up.
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```javascript
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populatedPlaces.on(carto.layer.events.FEATURE_OUT, featureEvent => {
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popup.removeFrom(map);
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});
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```
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When `featureOut` is triggered, this code removes the pop-up from the map.
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### Creating a Country Selector Widget
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This section describes how to get data from a previously defined data source and display a country selector the map. As a result, selecting a country on the map highlights the country and filters by populated places.
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#### Defining a Category Dataview
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Dataviews are the mechanism CARTO.js uses to access data from a data source (dataset or SQL query) in a particular way (eg: list of categories, result of a formula, etc.). Use the `carto.dataview.Category` dataview to get the names of the European countries in the dataset:
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```javascript
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const countriesDataview = new carto.dataview.Category(europeanCountriesDataset, 'admin', {
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limit: 100
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});
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```
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This type of dataview expects a data source and the name of the column with the categories. By default, results are limited. For this guide, we specified a limit of 100 categories to make sure all country names are returned.
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#### Listening to Data Changes on the Dataview
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In order to know when a dataview has new data (eg: right after it has been added to the client or when its source has changed), you should listen to the `dataChanged` event. This event gives you an object with all the categories.
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```javascript
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countriesDataview.on('dataChanged', data => {
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const countryNames = data.categories.map(category => category.name).sort();
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refreshCountriesWidget(countryNames);
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});
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function refreshCountriesWidget(adminNames) {
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const widgetDom = document.querySelector('#countriesWidget');
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const countriesDom = widgetDom.querySelector('.js-countries');
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countriesDom.onchange = event => {
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const admin = event.target.value;
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highlightCountry(admin);
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filterPopulatedPlacesByCountry(admin);
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};
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// Fill in the list of countries
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adminNames.forEach(admin => {
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const option = document.createElement('option');
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option.innerHTML = admin;
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option.value = admin;
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countriesDom.appendChild(option);
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});
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}
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function highlightCountry(admin) {
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let cartoCSS = `
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#layer {
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polygon-fill: #162945;
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polygon-opacity: 0.5;
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::outline {
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line-width: 1;
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line-color: #FFFFFF;
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line-opacity: 0.5;
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}
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}
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`;
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if (admin) {
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cartoCSS = `
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${cartoCSS}
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#layer[admin!='${admin}'] {
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polygon-fill: #CDCDCD;
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}
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`;
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}
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europeanCountriesStyle.setContent(cartoCSS);
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}
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function filterPopulatedPlacesByCountry(admin) {
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let query = `
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SELECT *
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FROM ne_10m_populated_places_simple
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WHERE adm0name IN (SELECT admin FROM ne_adm0_europe)
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`;
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if (admin) {
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query = `
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SELECT *
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FROM ne_10m_populated_places_simple
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WHERE adm0name='${admin}'
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`;
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}
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populatedPlacesSource.setQuery(query);
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}
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```
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This snippet generates the list of country names in alphabetical order from the `dataChanged` parameter and uses the `SELECT` function to populate the list.
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When a country is selected, two functions are invoked: `highlightCountry` (highlights the selected country by setting a new CartoCSS to the layer) and `filterPopulatedPlacesByCountry` (filters the cities by changing the SQL query).
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#### Adding the Dataview to the Client
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The dataview needs to be added to the client in order to fetch data from CARTO.
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```javascript
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client.addDataview(countriesDataview);
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```
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### Creating a Formula Widget
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
Now that you have a working country selector, let's add a widget that will display the average max population of the populated places for the selected country (or display ALL if no country is selected).
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
#### Defining a Formula Dataview
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
`carto.dataview.Formula` allows you to execute aggregate functions (count, sum, average, max, min) on a data source:
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
```javascript
|
||
|
|
const averagePopulation = new carto.dataview.Formula(populatedPlacesSource, 'pop_max', {
|
||
|
|
operation: carto.operation.AVG
|
||
|
|
});
|
||
|
|
```
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
The `averagePopulation` dataview triggers a `dataChanged` event every time a new average has been calculated.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
#### Listening to Data Changes on the Dataview
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
The `dataChanged` event allows you to get results of the aggregate function and use it in many ways.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
```javascript
|
||
|
|
averagePopulation.on('dataChanged', data => {
|
||
|
|
refreshAveragePopulationWidget(data.result);
|
||
|
|
});
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
function refreshAveragePopulationWidget(avgPopulation) {
|
||
|
|
const widgetDom = document.querySelector('#avgPopulationWidget');
|
||
|
|
const averagePopulationDom = widgetDom.querySelector('.js-average-population');
|
||
|
|
averagePopulationDom.innerText = Math.floor(avgPopulation);
|
||
|
|
}
|
||
|
|
```
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
This snippet refreshes the averaged population widget every time a new average is available (e.g., when a new country is selected).
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
#### Adding the dataview to the client
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
To get a full working dataview, add it to your client:
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
```javascript
|
||
|
|
client.addDataview(averagePopulation);
|
||
|
|
```
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
### Conclusion
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<div class="example-map">
|
||
|
|
<iframe src="{{site.cartojs_docs}}/guides/quickstart-example.html" width="100%" height="600" frameBorder="0" style="padding-top: 20px;padding-bottom: 0;" class="u-vspace--24"></iframe>
|
||
|
|
<a href="{{site.cartojs_docs}}/guides/quickstart-example.html" class="buttonLink is-DocsGreen u-vspace--32" target="_blank">
|
||
|
|
<svg width="8px" height="7px" viewbox="0 0 8 7" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
|
||
|
|
<g stroke="none" stroke-width="1" fill="none" fill-rule="evenodd">
|
||
|
|
<path class="buttonLink-media" d="M1.52245273,3.04854764 L3.68776506,0.883235307 C3.88225492,0.688745449 3.88821988,0.353713791 3.68525771,0.15075162 C3.4882313,-0.0462747862 3.15435142,-0.053333131 2.95277402,0.148244267 L0.147793654,2.95322464 C0.0109867585,3.09003153 -0.0325396573,3.29637729 0.0243152648,3.47738142 C-0.0325396573,3.65838554 0.0109867585,3.8647313 0.147793654,4.00153819 L2.95277402,6.80651857 C3.15435142,7.00809596 3.4882313,7.00103762 3.68525771,6.80401121 C3.88821988,6.60104904 3.88225492,6.26601738 3.68776506,6.07152753 L1.70421948,4.08798194 L7.99996393,4.08798194 L7.99996393,3.04854764 L1.52245273,3.04854764 Z" id="Combined-Shape" fill="#1FAC06" transform="translate(3.999982, 3.477381) scale(-1, 1) translate(-3.999982, -3.477381) "/>
|
||
|
|
</g>
|
||
|
|
</svg>
|
||
|
|
Click to open map full size
|
||
|
|
</a>
|
||
|
|
</div>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
### Troubleshooting and support
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
For more information on using the CARTO.js library, take a look at the [support page]({{site.cartojs_docs}}/support/).
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
The CARTO.js library may issue an error or warning when something goes wrong. You should check for warnings in particular if you notice that something is missing. It's also a good idea to check for warnings before launching a new application. Note that the warnings may not be immediately apparent because they appear in the HTTP header. For more information, see the guide to [errors messages]({{site.cartojs_docs}}/support/error-messages/).
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
This guide is just an overview of how to use CARTO.js to overlay data and create widgets. View the [Examples]({{ site.cartojs_docs }}/examples/) section for specific features of CARTO.js in action.
|