Element

Element (formerly known as Vector and Riot) is a Matrix web client built using the Matrix React SDK.

Supported Environments

Element has several tiers of support for different environments:

• Supported
  • Definition: Issues actively triaged, regressions block the release
  • Last 2 major versions of Chrome, Firefox, Safari, and Edge on desktop OSes
  • Latest release of official Element Desktop app on desktop OSes
  • Desktop OSes means macOS, Windows, and Linux versions for desktop devices that are actively supported by the OS vendor and receive security updates
• Experimental
  • Definition: Issues accepted, regressions do not block the release
  • Element as an installed PWA via current stable version of Chrome, Firefox, and Safari
  • Mobile web for current stable version of Chrome, Firefox, and Safari on Android, iOS, and iPadOS
• Not supported
  • Definition: Issues only affecting unsupported environments are closed
  • Everything else

For accessing Element on an Android or iOS device, we currently recommend the native apps element-android and element-ios.

Getting Started

The easiest way to test Element is to just use the hosted copy at https://app.element.io. The develop branch is continuously deployed to https://develop.element.io for those who like living dangerously.

To host your own copy of Element, the quickest bet is to use a pre-built released version of Element:

1. Download the latest version from https://github.com/vector-im/element-web/releases
2. Untar the tarball on your web server
3. Move (or symlink) the element-x.x.x directory to an appropriate name
4. Configure the correct caching headers in your webserver (see below)
5. If desired, copy config.sample.json to config.json and edit it as desired. See the configuration docs for details.
6. Enter the URL into your browser and log into Element!

Releases are signed using gpg and the OpenPGP standard, and can be checked against the public key located at https://packages.riot.im/element-release-key.asc.

Note that for the security of your chats will need to serve Element over HTTPS. Major browsers also do not allow you to use VoIP/video chats over HTTP, as WebRTC is only usable over HTTPS. There are some exceptions like when using localhost, which is considered a secure context and thus allowed.

To install Element as a desktop application, see Running as a desktop app below.

Important Security Notes

Separate domains

We do not recommend running Element from the same domain name as your Matrix homeserver. The reason is the risk of XSS (cross-site-scripting) vulnerabilities that could occur if someone caused Element to load and render malicious user generated content from a Matrix API which then had trusted access to Element (or other apps) due to sharing the same domain.

We have put some coarse mitigations into place to try to protect against this situation, but it's still not good practice to do it in the first place. See https://github.com/vector-im/element-web/issues/1977 for more details.

Configuration best practices

Unless you have special requirements, you will want to add the following to your web server configuration when hosting Element Web:

• The X-Frame-Options: SAMEORIGIN header, to prevent Element Web from being framed and protect from clickjacking.
• The frame-ancestors 'none' directive to your Content-Security-Policy header, as the modern replacement for X-Frame-Options (though both should be included since not all browsers support it yet, see this).
• The X-Content-Type-Options: nosniff header, to disable MIME sniffing.
• The X-XSS-Protection: 1; mode=block; header, for basic XSS protection in legacy browsers.

If you are using nginx, this would look something like the following:

add_header X-Frame-Options SAMEORIGIN;
add_header X-Content-Type-Options nosniff;
add_header X-XSS-Protection "1; mode=block";
add_header Content-Security-Policy "frame-ancestors 'none'";

Note: In case you are already setting a Content-Security-Policy header elsewhere, you should modify it to include the frame-ancestors directive instead of adding that last line.

Building From Source

Element is a modular webapp built with modern ES6 and uses a Node.js build system. Ensure you have the latest LTS version of Node.js installed.

Using yarn instead of npm is recommended. Please see the Yarn install guide if you do not have it already.

1. Install or update node.js so that your node is at least v10.x.
2. Install yarn if not present already.
3. Clone the repo: git clone https://github.com/vector-im/element-web.git.
4. Switch to the element-web directory: cd element-web.
5. Install the prerequisites: yarn install.
   • If you're using the develop branch, then it is recommended to set up a proper development environment (see Setting up a dev environment below). Alternatively, you can use https://develop.element.io - the continuous integration release of the develop branch.
6. Configure the app by copying config.sample.json to config.json and modifying it. See the configuration docs for details.
7. yarn dist to build a tarball to deploy. Untaring this file will give a version-specific directory containing all the files that need to go on your web server.

Note that yarn dist is not supported on Windows, so Windows users can run yarn build, which will build all the necessary files into the webapp directory. The version of Element will not appear in Settings without using the dist script. You can then mount the webapp directory on your web server to actually serve up the app, which is entirely static content.

Running as a Desktop app

Element can also be run as a desktop app, wrapped in Electron. You can download a pre-built version from https://element.io/get-started or, if you prefer, build it yourself.

To build it yourself, follow the instructions at https://github.com/vector-im/element-desktop.

Many thanks to @aviraldg for the initial work on the Electron integration.

Other options for running as a desktop app:

• @asdf:matrix.org points out that you can use nativefier and it just works(tm)

yarn global add nativefier
nativefier https://app.element.io/

The configuration docs show how to override the desktop app's default settings if desired.

Running from Docker

The Docker image can be used to serve element-web as a web server. The easiest way to use it is to use the prebuilt image:

docker run -p 80:80 vectorim/element-web

To supply your own custom config.json, map a volume to /app/config.json. For example, if your custom config was located at /etc/element-web/config.json then your Docker command would be:

docker run -p 80:80 -v /etc/element-web/config.json:/app/config.json vectorim/element-web

To build the image yourself:

git clone https://github.com/vector-im/element-web.git element-web
cd element-web
git checkout master
docker build .

If you're building a custom branch, or want to use the develop branch, check out the appropriate element-web branch and then run:

docker build -t \
    --build-arg USE_CUSTOM_SDKS=true \
    --build-arg REACT_SDK_REPO="https://github.com/matrix-org/matrix-react-sdk.git" \
    --build-arg REACT_SDK_BRANCH="develop" \
    --build-arg JS_SDK_REPO="https://github.com/matrix-org/matrix-js-sdk.git" \
    --build-arg JS_SDK_BRANCH="develop" \
    .

Running in Kubernetes

The provided element-web docker image can also be run from within a Kubernetes cluster. See the Kubernetes example for more details.

config.json

Element supports a variety of settings to configure default servers, behaviour, themes, etc. See the configuration docs for more details.

Labs Features

Some features of Element may be enabled by flags in the Labs section of the settings. Some of these features are described in labs.md.

Caching requirements

Element requires the following URLs not to be cached, when/if you are serving Element from your own webserver:

/config.*.json
/i18n
/home
/sites
/index.html

Development

Before attempting to develop on Element you must read the developer guide for matrix-react-sdk, which also defines the design, architecture and style for Element too.

Before starting work on a feature, it's best to ensure your plan aligns well with our vision for Element. Please chat with the team in #element-dev:matrix.org before you start so we can ensure it's something we'd be willing to merge.

You should also familiarise yourself with the "Here be Dragons" guide to the tame & not-so-tame dragons (gotchas) which exist in the codebase.

The idea of Element is to be a relatively lightweight "skin" of customisations on top of the underlying matrix-react-sdk. matrix-react-sdk provides both the higher and lower level React components useful for building Matrix communication apps using React.

After creating a new component you must run yarn reskindex to regenerate the component-index.js for the app (used in future for skinning).

Please note that Element is intended to run correctly without access to the public internet. So please don't depend on resources (JS libs, CSS, images, fonts) hosted by external CDNs or servers but instead please package all dependencies into Element itself.

CSS hot-reload is available as an opt-in development feature. You can enable it by defining a CSS_HOT_RELOAD environment variable, in a .env file in the root of the repository. See .env.example for documentation and an example.

Setting up a dev environment

Much of the functionality in Element is actually in the matrix-react-sdk and matrix-js-sdk modules. It is possible to set these up in a way that makes it easy to track the develop branches in git and to make local changes without having to manually rebuild each time.

First clone and build matrix-js-sdk:

git clone https://github.com/matrix-org/matrix-js-sdk.git
pushd matrix-js-sdk
yarn link
yarn install
popd

Then similarly with matrix-react-sdk:

git clone https://github.com/matrix-org/matrix-react-sdk.git
pushd matrix-react-sdk
yarn link
yarn link matrix-js-sdk
yarn install
popd

Finally, build and start Element itself:

git clone https://github.com/vector-im/element-web.git
cd element-web
yarn link matrix-js-sdk
yarn link matrix-react-sdk
yarn install
yarn reskindex
yarn start

Wait a few seconds for the initial build to finish; you should see something like:

[element-js] <s> [webpack.Progress] 100%
[element-js]
[element-js] ℹ ｢wdm｣:    1840 modules
[element-js] ℹ ｢wdm｣: Compiled successfully.

Remember, the command will not terminate since it runs the web server and rebuilds source files when they change. This development server also disables caching, so do NOT use it in production.

Configure the app by copying config.sample.json to config.json and modifying it. See the configuration docs for details.

Open http://127.0.0.1:8080/ in your browser to see your newly built Element.

Note: The build script uses inotify by default on Linux to monitor directories for changes. If the inotify limits are too low your build will fail silently or with Error: EMFILE: too many open files. To avoid these issues, we recommend a watch limit of at least 128M and instance limit around 512.

You may be interested in issues #15750 and #15774 for further details.

To set a new inotify watch and instance limit, execute:

sudo sysctl fs.inotify.max_user_watches=131072
sudo sysctl fs.inotify.max_user_instances=512
sudo sysctl -p

If you wish, you can make the new limits permanent, by executing:

echo fs.inotify.max_user_watches=131072 | sudo tee -a /etc/sysctl.conf
echo fs.inotify.max_user_instances=512 | sudo tee -a /etc/sysctl.conf
sudo sysctl -p

---

When you make changes to matrix-react-sdk or matrix-js-sdk they should be automatically picked up by webpack and built.

If you add or remove any components from the Element skin, you will need to rebuild the skin's index by running, yarn reskindex.

If any of these steps error with, file table overflow, you are probably on a mac which has a very low limit on max open files. Run ulimit -Sn 1024 and try again. You'll need to do this in each new terminal you open before building Element.

Running the tests

There are a number of application-level tests in the tests directory; these are designed to run in a browser instance under the control of karma. To run them:

• Make sure you have Chrome installed (a recent version, like 59)
• Make sure you have matrix-js-sdk and matrix-react-sdk installed and built, as above
• yarn test

The above will run the tests under Chrome in a headless mode.

You can also tell karma to run the tests in a loop (every time the source changes), in an instance of Chrome on your desktop, with yarn test-multi. This also gives you the option of running the tests in 'debug' mode, which is useful for stepping through the tests in the developer tools.

End-to-End tests

See matrix-react-sdk how to run the end-to-end tests.

Translations

To add a new translation, head to the translating doc.

For a developer guide, see the translating dev doc.

Triaging issues

We strive to completely cover all applicable issues with these core labels:

1. Type — Every issue is assigned a type:

   • T-Defect: Bugs, crashes, hangs, vulnerabilities, or other reported problems
   • T-Enhancement: New features, changes in functionality, performance boosts, user-facing improvements
   • T-Task: Refactoring, enabling or disabling functionality, other engineering tasks
   • T-Other: Questions, user support, anything else

2. Severity — All issues labeled T-Defect are also assigned a severity:

   • S-Critical: Prevents work, causes data loss, affects many users, and/or has no workaround
   • S-Major: Severely degrades major functionality or product features, with no satisfactory workaround
   • S-Minor: Impairs non-critical functionality, or suitable workarounds exist
   • S-Tolerable: Purely cosmetic or low / no impact to users

3. Prevalence — All issues labeled T-Defect are also assigned a prevalence:

   • P-High: Affects most users regularly or impacts most users' first experience (e.g. registration)
   • P-Medium: Affects some users regularly or most users rarely
   • P-Low: Most users are unlikely to come across this or it is a corner case

   This label may also be used for other types of issues.

4. Area — Most issues are assigned one or several "areas" using one of the many A- prefixed labels, e.g. A-Composer or A-Spaces. Each area label maps to a group of features or portion of the UI surface in the app.

The Priority label is now deprecated. Defects will now be classed based on their severity and prevalence:

Labels	Equivalent priority	What it means
S‑Critical and P‑High S‑Critical and P‑Medium S‑Major and P‑High	P1	These issues should be worked on in this sprint or next sprint. If the backlog of issues is too long, we should reevaluate why the bugs are not caught earlier.
S‑Critical and P‑Low S‑Major and P‑Medium S‑Minor and P‑High	P2	When all the highest priority bugs are done, this is the next set to tackle. Ideally we should be fixing a few issues from this group every week.
S‑Major and P‑Low S‑Minor and P‑Medium S‑Tolerable and P‑High	P3	These issues are wishful thinking for now. We hope to get to them one day, but they are low priority. There are likely to be some good new contributor issues in here.
S‑Minor and P‑Low S‑Tolerable and P‑Medium S‑Minor and P‑Low	P4 and P5	These issues are unlikely to be actively looked at by the webapp team, but may be picked up by community.

Other common labels

We have a handful of other labels which are added on an as-needed basis, and not expected to be exhaustive:

• Exceptions — Special flags for issues and pull requests:

  • X-Needs-Info: This issue is blocked pending further information from the reporter
  • X-Regression: Denotes things breaking which previously worked
  • X-Release-Blocker: Issues which must be resolved before making a release

• Easy / Help Wanted — Well-defined issues which are suitable for folks new to the codebase

• A11y / Meta / I18n / Privacy / Security — Issues which fall under these conceptual themes (which apply to many software projects and are not specific to Element)

• Sponsored — Used internally by Element to denote issues with external funding

Ad hoc labels (Z-)

We have reserved the Z- prefix for ad hoc labels.

Any member of the core team is welcome to create labels beginning with Z- for any purpose, such as tracking personal areas of interest or providing a common way to label cross-repo initiatives. The prefix avoids interference with the project's main labels.