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FR24csv.py
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#!/usr/bin/env python3
#
# Will take a FR24 CSV and make a ADSB_Encoder CSV
import csv
import os
import argparse
import configparser
def auto_int(x):
"""Parses HEX into for argParser"""
return int(x, 0)
def argParser():
description = 'This script will take a FR24 CSV file and convert it into a format for FR24csv.py'
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description=description)
parser.add_argument('-i', '--icao', action='store', type=auto_int, dest='icao', default=cfg.get('plane', 'icao'), help='The ICAO number for the plane in hex. Ensure the ICAO is prefixed with \'0x\' to ensure this is parsed as a hex number. This is 24 bits long. Default: %(default)s')
parser.add_argument('--csv', '--csvfile', '--in', '--input', action='store', type=str, dest='csvfile', help='The name of the FR24 CSV file', required=True)
return parser.parse_args()
def reverseCSV(csvfile):
"""Reverse a CSV. Returns a dictionary of the CSV"""
data = []
with open(csvfile, newline='') as csvfilein:
reader = csv.DictReader(csvfilein, delimiter=',')
for row in reader:
data.append(row)
csvfilein.close()
return reversed(data)
def main():
global cfg
cfg = configparser.ConfigParser()
cfg.read('config.cfg')
arguments = argParser()
csvFilename = 'fr24.csv'
time = 0
#Need to reverse the FR24 CSV as it is in reverse order i.e. the most recent record is row 2 and the first ADS-B message of the flight is the last row in the CSV
data = reverseCSV(arguments.csvfile)
with open(csvFilename, 'w', newline='') as csvfileout:
fieldnames = ['timestamp', 'icao', 'latitude', 'longitude', 'altitude']
output = csv.DictWriter(csvfileout, delimiter=',', quotechar='"', quoting=csv.QUOTE_MINIMAL, fieldnames=fieldnames)
output.writeheader()
for row in data:
if time == 0:
time = int(row['Timestamp'])
rowtime = int(row['Timestamp']) - time
position = row['Position'].split(',')
newrow = {'timestamp':rowtime, 'icao':hex(arguments.icao), 'latitude':position[0], 'longitude':position[1], 'altitude':row['Altitude']}
output.writerow(newrow)
csvfileout.close()
if __name__ == "__main__":
main()

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README.md
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Firstly if you use this code or are doing anything with ADS-B broadcast, I would be interested in hearing what you are up to. Get in touch on @nzkarit on twitter or adsb (AT) karit [dot] nz
# "ADS-B Out" add-on for SoftRF-Emu, Stratux, etc...
This repository contains "ADS-B Out" encoder for Tx-capable SDR hardware.
It is currently written in architecture independent Python language and can be used as an add-on for existing
open source "ADS-B In" solutions. One known good example is [Stratux](https://github.com/cyoung/stratux).
# Disclaimer
The source code is published for academic purpose only.
# Instructions
1. Execute *ADSB_Encoder.py* all the options have defaults so none are needed to generate with defaults. Running help will show you the optiosn you can change:
```
$ ./ADSB_Encoder.py
$ ./ADSB_Encoder.py -h
usage: ADSB_Encoder.py [-h] [-i ICAO] [--lat LATITUDE] [--lon LONGITUDE]
[-a ALTITUDE] [--ca CAPABILITY] [--tc TYPECODE]
[--ss SURVEILLANCESTATUS] [--nicsb NICSUPPLEMENTB]
[--time TIME] [-s SURFACE] [-o OUTPUTFILENAME]
[-r REPEATS] [--csv CSVFILE]
This tool will generate ADS-B data in a form that a hackRF can broadcast. In
addition to providing the information at the command the defaults can be
changed in the config.cfg file and the the loggin config changed in
logging.cfg.
optional arguments:
-h, --help show this help message and exit
-i ICAO, --icao ICAO The ICAO number for the plane in hex. Ensure the ICAO
is prefixed with '0x' to ensure this is parsed as a
hex number. Default: 0xABCDEF
--lat LATITUDE, --latitude LATITUDE
Latitude for the plane in decminal degrees. Default:
12.34
--lon LONGITUDE, --long LONGITUDE, --longitude LONGITUDE
Longitude for the place in decminal degrees. Default:
56.78
-a ALTITUDE, --alt ALTITUDE, --altitude ALTITUDE
Altitude in decminal feet. Default: 9876.5
--ca CAPABILITY, --capability CAPABILITY
The capability. (Think this is always 5 from ADSB
messages. More info would be appreciate). Default: 5
--tc TYPECODE, --typecode TYPECODE
The type for the ADSB messsage. See https://adsb-
decode-guide.readthedocs.io/en/latest/content/introduc
tion.html#ads-b-message-types for more information.
Default: 11
--ss SURVEILLANCESTATUS, --surveillancestatus SURVEILLANCESTATUS
The surveillance status. (Think this is always 0 from
ADSB messages. More info would be appreciate).
Default: 0
--nicsb NICSUPPLEMENTB, --nicsupplementb NICSUPPLEMENTB
The NIC supplement-B.(Think this is always 0 from ADSB
messages. More info would be appreciate). Default: 0
--time TIME The time. (Think this is always 0 from ADSB messages.
More info would be appreciate). Default: 0
-s SURFACE, --surface SURFACE
If the plane is on the ground or not. Default: False
-o OUTPUTFILENAME, --out OUTPUTFILENAME, --output OUTPUTFILENAME
The iq8s output filename. This is the file which you
will feed into the hackRF. Default: Samples_256K.iq8s
-r REPEATS, --repeats REPEATS
How many repeats of the data to perform. Default: 1
--csv CSVFILE, --csvfile CSVFILE, --in CSVFILE, --input CSVFILE
Import a CSV file with the plane data in it. Default:
```
2. Transmit the signal into air:
```
$ hackrf_transfer -t Samples_256K.iq8s -f 915000000 -s 2000000 -x 10
call hackrf_sample_rate_set(2000000 Hz/2.000 MHz)
call hackrf_baseband_filter_bandwidth_set(1750000 Hz/1.750 MHz)
call hackrf_set_freq(915000000 Hz/915.000 MHz)
Stop with Ctrl-C
3.9 MiB / 1.000 sec = 3.9 MiB/second
0.5 MiB / 1.000 sec = 0.5 MiB/second
User cancel, exiting...
Total time: 2.00039 s
hackrf_stop_tx() done
hackrf_close() done
hackrf_exit() done
fclose(fd) done
exit
$
```
* -t is the input file to transmit
* -f is the frequency in hertz. In the real world this would be 1090000000 but do not use that
* -s is the sample rate in hertz
* -x is the gain
3. Receive the Signal
```
$ sudo ./dump1090 --net --freq 915000000
...
```
![](https://github.com/lyusupov/ADSB-Out/raw/master/documents/images/dump1090.JPG)
# Generate CSV files
These CSV files can be used for input into the application
## generateAllICAO.py
This script will generate a CSV with all the different ICAO numbers in it.
# Import FlightRadar24 CSV files
This script will take a FR24 CSV files and convert it ready for import into ADSB_Encoder.py. It outputs a file called fr24.csv.
```
$ ./FR24csv.py --csv <exportFromFR24.csv>
$ ./ADSB_Encoder.py --csv fr24.csv
$ ./FR24csv.py --help
usage: FR24csv.py [-h] [-i ICAO] --csv CSVFILE
This script will take a FR24 CSV file and convert it into a format for
FR24csv.py
optional arguments:
-h, --help show this help message and exit
-i ICAO, --icao ICAO The ICAO number for the plane in hex. Ensure the ICAO
is prefixed with '0x' to ensure this is parsed as a
hex number. This is 24 bits long. Default: 0x75008F
--csv CSVFILE, --csvfile CSVFILE, --in CSVFILE, --input CSVFILE
The name of the FR24 CSV file
```
# References
1. "*Gr-Air-Modes*", **Nick Foster**, 2012
1. "*EXPLOITING THE AUTOMATIC DEPENDENT SURVEILLANCE BROADCAST SYSTEM VIA FALSE TARGET INJECTION*", **Domenic Magazu III**, 2012
1. "*ADS-B out by HACKRF and received over the air by rtl-sdr dongle and dump1090*", **Jiao Xianjun**, 2014
1. "*Ghost in the Air(Traffic): On insecurity of ADS-B protocol and practical attacks on ADS-B devices*", **Andrei Costin and Aurelien Francillon**, 2015
1. "*ADS-B Decoding Guide*", **Junzi Sun**, 2017
1. "*Inside Radio: An Attack and Defense Guide*", **Qing Yang & Lin Huang**, 2018
# History
This is a fork orginally from https://github.com/lyusupov/ADSB-Out in September 2017.

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config.cfg
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[general]
outputfilename = Samples_256K.iq8s
repeats = 1
csvfile =
# Currently in PPM.py one message is 48 dead air, 8 preamble, 112 message, 100 dead air, 8 preamble, 112 message, 48 dead air leaves us with 99564 microseconds to make a second
intermessagegap = 99564
# This is the message length from PPM.py
messagelength = 436
realtime = false
[plane]
icao = 0x75008F
latitude = 12.34
longitude = 56.78
altitude = 9876.5
capability = 5
typecode = 11
surveillancestatus = 0
nicsupplementb = 0
time = 0
surface = false
callsign = karit

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example.csv
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icao,altitude,callsign
0x123456,50000,karit
0xABCDEF,1000,notkarit
1 icao altitude callsign
2 0x123456 50000 karit
3 0xABCDEF 1000 notkarit

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generateAllAlt.py
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#!/usr/bin/env python3
#
# Will generate a CSV with all Latitudes
import csv
import os
def writeFile(directory, filename, filenameExtension, data, count):
csvFilename = os.path.join(directory, "%s-%s.%s"%(filename, count, filenameExtension))
with open(csvFilename, 'w', newline='') as csvfile:
output = csv.writer(csvfile, delimiter=',', quotechar='"', quoting=csv.QUOTE_MINIMAL)
output.writerow(['altitude'])
for row in data:
output.writerow([row])
csvfile.close()
return "{'csv':'%s', 'out':'%s-%s.iq8s'},"%(csvFilename, filename, count)
def main():
directory = 'generated'
filename = 'allAlt'
filenameExtension = 'csv'
scriptFilename = 'allAlt.py'
hackRFScriptFilename = 'hackRFAllAlt.sh'
minAlt = -1100
maxAlt = 100000
splitNumber = 1000
step = 1
try:
os.stat(directory)
except:
os.mkdir(directory)
script = open(scriptFilename, 'w')
script.write('#!/usr/bin/env python3\n')
script.write('import time\n')
script.write('import threading\n')
script.write('from ADSB_Encoder import *\n')
hackRFScript = open(hackRFScriptFilename, 'w')
hackRFScript.write('#!/bin/bash\n')
i = minAlt
j = 0
k = 0
data = []
files = ''
while i <= maxAlt:
if j == splitNumber:
files += writeFile(directory, filename, filenameExtension, data, k)
data = []
hackRFScript.write("hackrf_transfer -t %s-%s.iq8s -f 915000000 -s 2000000 -x 10\n" % (filename, k))
k += 1
j = 0
data.append(i)
i += step
j += 1
files += writeFile(directory, filename, filenameExtension, data, k)
data = []
hackRFScript.write("hackrf_transfer -t %s-%s.iq8s -f 915000000 -s 2000000 -x 10\n" % (filename, k))
k += 1
j = 0
files = files[:-1]
script.write('files = [%s]\n' % (files))
script.write('for file in files:\n')
script.write(' t = threading.Thread(target=threadingCSV, args=(file,))\n')
script.write(' t.start()\n')
script.write(' print(file)\n')
script.write(' time.sleep(1)\n')
script.close()
hackRFScript.close()
if __name__ == "__main__":
main()

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generateAllICAO.py
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#!/usr/bin/env python3
#
# Will generate a CSV with all ICAOS
import csv
import os
def writeFile(directory, filename, filenameExtension, data, count):
csvFilename = os.path.join(directory, "%s-%s.%s"%(filename, count, filenameExtension))
with open(csvFilename, 'w', newline='') as csvfile:
output = csv.writer(csvfile, delimiter=',', quotechar='"', quoting=csv.QUOTE_MINIMAL)
output.writerow(['icao'])
for row in data:
output.writerow([row])
csvfile.close()
return "{'csv':'%s', 'out':'%s-%s.iq8s'},"%(csvFilename, filename, count)
def main():
directory = 'generated'
filename = 'allICAO'
filenameExtension = 'csv'
scriptFilename = 'allICAO.py'
hackRFScriptFilename = 'hackRFAllICAO.sh'
minICAO = 0x0
maxICAO = 0x3E8
splitNumber = 1000
try:
os.stat(directory)
except:
os.mkdir(directory)
script = open(scriptFilename, 'w')
script.write('#!/usr/bin/env python3\n')
script.write('import time\n')
script.write('import threading\n')
script.write('from ADSB_Encoder import *\n')
hackRFScript = open(hackRFScriptFilename, 'w')
hackRFScript.write('#!/bin/bash\n')
i = minICAO
j = 0
k = 0
data = []
files = ''
while i <= maxICAO:
if j == splitNumber:
files += writeFile(directory, filename, filenameExtension, data, k)
data = []
hackRFScript.write("hackrf_transfer -t %s-%s.iq8s -f 915000000 -s 2000000 -x 10\n" % (filename, k))
k += 1
j = 0
data.append(hex(i))
i += 1
j += 1
files += writeFile(directory, filename, filenameExtension, data, k)
data = []
hackRFScript.write("hackrf_transfer -t %s-%s.iq8s -f 915000000 -s 2000000 -x 10\n" % (filename, k))
k += 1
j = 0
files = files[:-1]
script.write('files = [%s]\n' % (files))
script.write('for file in files:\n')
script.write(' t = threading.Thread(target=threadingCSV, args=(file,))\n')
script.write(' t.start()\n')
script.write(' print(file)\n')
script.write(' time.sleep(1)\n')
script.close()
hackRFScript.close()
if __name__ == "__main__":
main()

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generateAllLat.py
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#!/usr/bin/env python3
#
# Will generate a CSV with all Latitudes
import csv
import os
def writeFile(directory, filename, filenameExtension, data, count):
csvFilename = os.path.join(directory, "%s-%s.%s"%(filename, count, filenameExtension))
with open(csvFilename, 'w', newline='') as csvfile:
output = csv.writer(csvfile, delimiter=',', quotechar='"', quoting=csv.QUOTE_MINIMAL)
output.writerow(['latitude'])
for row in data:
output.writerow([row])
csvfile.close()
return "{'csv':'%s', 'out':'%s-%s.iq8s'},"%(csvFilename, filename, count)
def main():
directory = 'generated'
filename = 'allLat'
filenameExtension = 'csv'
scriptFilename = 'allLat.py'
hackRFScriptFilename = 'hackRFAllLat.sh'
minLat = -90
maxLat = 90
splitNumber = 1000
step = 0.05
try:
os.stat(directory)
except:
os.mkdir(directory)
script = open(scriptFilename, 'w')
script.write('#!/usr/bin/env python3\n')
script.write('import time\n')
script.write('import threading\n')
script.write('from ADSB_Encoder import *\n')
hackRFScript = open(hackRFScriptFilename, 'w')
hackRFScript.write('#!/bin/bash\n')
i = minLat
j = 0
k = 0
data = []
files = ''
while i <= maxLat:
if j == splitNumber:
files += writeFile(directory, filename, filenameExtension, data, k)
data = []
hackRFScript.write("hackrf_transfer -t %s-%s.iq8s -f 915000000 -s 2000000 -x 10\n" % (filename, k))
k += 1
j = 0
data.append(i)
i += step
j += 1
files += writeFile(directory, filename, filenameExtension, data, k)
data = []
hackRFScript.write("hackrf_transfer -t %s-%s.iq8s -f 915000000 -s 2000000 -x 10\n" % (filename, k))
k += 1
j = 0
files = files[:-1]
script.write('files = [%s]\n' % (files))
script.write('for file in files:\n')
script.write(' t = threading.Thread(target=threadingCSV, args=(file,))\n')
script.write(' t.start()\n')
script.write(' print(file)\n')
script.write(' time.sleep(1)\n')
script.close()
hackRFScript.close()
if __name__ == "__main__":
main()

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logging.cfg
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[loggers]
keys=root
[handlers]
keys=consoleHandler, timedRotatingFileHandler
[formatters]
keys=simpleFormatter
[logger_root]
level=DEBUG
handlers=consoleHandler, timedRotatingFileHandler
[handler_timedRotatingFileHandler]
class=handlers.TimedRotatingFileHandler
level=DEBUG
formatter=simpleFormatter
args=('ADSB_Encoder.log', 'H', 1, 72)
[handler_consoleHandler]
class=StreamHandler
level=WARNING
formatter=simpleFormatter
args=(sys.stdout,)
[formatter_simpleFormatter]
format=%(asctime)s - %(name)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s
datefmt=