/* -*-c++-*- OpenSceneGraph example, osgposter.
*
*  Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
*  of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
*  in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
*  to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
*  copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
*  furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
*
*  THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
*  IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
*  FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
*  AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
*  LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
*  OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
*  THE SOFTWARE.
*/

#include <osg/ArgumentParser>
#include <osg/Texture2D>
#include <osg/Switch>
#include <osgDB/ReadFile>
#include <osgDB/WriteFile>
#include <osgGA/TrackballManipulator>
#include <osgGA/StateSetManipulator>
#include <osgViewer/Renderer>
#include <osgViewer/Viewer>
#include <osgViewer/ViewerEventHandlers>
#include <iostream>
#include "PosterPrinter.h"

/* Computing view matrix helpers */
template<class T>
class FindTopMostNodeOfTypeVisitor : public osg::NodeVisitor
{
public:
    FindTopMostNodeOfTypeVisitor()
    :   osg::NodeVisitor(osg::NodeVisitor::TRAVERSE_ALL_CHILDREN),
        _foundNode(0)
    {}

    void apply( osg::Node& node )
    {
        T* result = dynamic_cast<T*>( &node );
        if ( result ) _foundNode = result;
        else traverse( node );
    }

    T* _foundNode;
};

template<class T>
T* findTopMostNodeOfType( osg::Node* node )
{
    if ( !node ) return 0;

    FindTopMostNodeOfTypeVisitor<T> fnotv;
    node->accept( fnotv );
    return fnotv._foundNode;
}

/* Computing view matrix functions */
void computeViewMatrix( osg::Camera* camera, const osg::Vec3d& eye, const osg::Vec3d& hpr )
{
    osg::Matrixd matrix;
    matrix.makeTranslate( eye );
    matrix.preMult( osg::Matrixd::rotate( hpr[0], 0.0, 1.0, 0.0) );
    matrix.preMult( osg::Matrixd::rotate( hpr[1], 1.0, 0.0, 0.0) );
    matrix.preMult( osg::Matrixd::rotate( hpr[2], 0.0, 0.0, 1.0) );
    camera->setViewMatrix( osg::Matrixd::inverse(matrix) );
}

void computeViewMatrixOnEarth( osg::Camera* camera, osg::Node* scene,
                               const osg::Vec3d& latLongHeight, const osg::Vec3d& hpr )
{
    osg::CoordinateSystemNode* csn = findTopMostNodeOfType<osg::CoordinateSystemNode>(scene);
    if ( !csn ) return;

    // Compute eye point in world coordinates
    osg::Vec3d eye;
    csn->getEllipsoidModel()->convertLatLongHeightToXYZ(
        latLongHeight.x(), latLongHeight.y(), latLongHeight.z(), eye.x(), eye.y(), eye.z() );

    // Build matrix for computing target vector
    osg::Matrixd target_matrix =
        osg::Matrixd::rotate( -hpr.x(), osg::Vec3d(1,0,0),
                              -latLongHeight.x(), osg::Vec3d(0,1,0),
                               latLongHeight.y(), osg::Vec3d(0,0,1) );

    // Compute tangent vector
    osg::Vec3d tangent = target_matrix.preMult( osg::Vec3d(0,0,1) );

    // Compute non-inclined, non-rolled up vector
    osg::Vec3d up( eye );
    up.normalize();

    // Incline by rotating the target- and up vector around the tangent/up-vector
    // cross-product
    osg::Vec3d up_cross_tangent = up ^ tangent;
    osg::Matrixd incline_matrix = osg::Matrixd::rotate( hpr.y(), up_cross_tangent );
    osg::Vec3d target = incline_matrix.preMult( tangent );

    // Roll by rotating the up vector around the target vector
    osg::Matrixd roll_matrix = incline_matrix * osg::Matrixd::rotate( hpr.z(), target );
    up = roll_matrix.preMult( up );
    camera->setViewMatrixAsLookAt( eye, eye+target, up );
}

/* CustomRenderer: Do culling only while loading PagedLODs */
class CustomRenderer : public osgViewer::Renderer
{
public:
    CustomRenderer( osg::Camera* camera )
    : osgViewer::Renderer(camera), _cullOnly(true)
    {
    }

    void setCullOnly(bool on) { _cullOnly = on; }

    virtual void operator ()( osg::GraphicsContext* )
    {
        if ( _graphicsThreadDoesCull )
        {
            if (_cullOnly) cull();
            else cull_draw();
        }
    }

    virtual void cull()
    {
        osgUtil::SceneView* sceneView = _sceneView[0].get();
        if ( !sceneView || _done || _graphicsThreadDoesCull )
            return;

        updateSceneView( sceneView );

        osgViewer::View* view = dynamic_cast<osgViewer::View*>( _camera->getView() );
        if ( view )
            sceneView->setFusionDistance( view->getFusionDistanceMode(), view->getFusionDistanceValue() );
        sceneView->inheritCullSettings( *(sceneView->getCamera()) );
        sceneView->cull();
    }

    bool _cullOnly;
};

/* PrintPosterHandler: A gui handler for interactive high-res capturing */
class PrintPosterHandler : public osgGA::GUIEventHandler
{
public:
    PrintPosterHandler( PosterPrinter* printer )
    : _printer(printer), _started(false) {}

    bool handle( const osgGA::GUIEventAdapter& ea, osgGA::GUIActionAdapter& aa )
    {
        osgViewer::View* view = dynamic_cast<osgViewer::View*>( &aa );
        if ( !view ) return false;

        switch( ea.getEventType() )
        {
        case osgGA::GUIEventAdapter::FRAME:
            if ( view->getDatabasePager() )
            {
                // Wait until all paged nodes are processed
                if ( view->getDatabasePager()->getRequestsInProgress() )
                    break;
            }

            if ( _printer.valid() )
            {
                _printer->frame( view->getFrameStamp(), view->getSceneData() );
                if ( _started && _printer->done() )
                {
                    osg::Switch* root = dynamic_cast<osg::Switch*>( view->getSceneData() );
                    if ( root )
                    {
                        // Assume child 0 is the loaded model and 1 is the poster camera
                        // Switch them in time to prevent dual traversals of subgraph
                        root->setValue( 0, true );
                        root->setValue( 1, false );
                    }
                    _started = false;
                }
            }
            break;

        case osgGA::GUIEventAdapter::KEYDOWN:
            if ( ea.getKey()=='p' || ea.getKey()=='P' )
            {
                if ( _printer.valid() )
                {
                    osg::Switch* root = dynamic_cast<osg::Switch*>( view->getSceneData() );
                    if ( root )
                    {
                        // Assume child 0 is the loaded model and 1 is the poster camera
                        root->setValue( 0, false );
                        root->setValue( 1, true );
                    }

                    _printer->init( view->getCamera() );
                    _started = true;
                }
                return true;
            }
            break;

        default:
            break;
        }
        return false;
    }

protected:
    osg::ref_ptr<PosterPrinter> _printer;
    bool _started;
};

/* The main entry */
int main( int argc, char** argv )
{
    osg::ArgumentParser arguments( &argc, argv );
    osg::ApplicationUsage* usage = arguments.getApplicationUsage();
    usage->setDescription( arguments.getApplicationName() +
                           " is the example which demonstrates how to render high-resolution images (posters).");
    usage->setCommandLineUsage( arguments.getApplicationName() + " [options] scene_file" );
    usage->addCommandLineOption( "-h or --help", "Display this information." );
    usage->addCommandLineOption( "--color <r> <g> <b>", "The background color." );
    usage->addCommandLineOption( "--ext <ext>", "The output tiles' extension (Default: bmp)." );
    usage->addCommandLineOption( "--poster <filename>", "The output poster's name (Default: poster.bmp)." );
    usage->addCommandLineOption( "--tilesize <w> <h>", "Size of each image tile (Default: 640 480)." );
    usage->addCommandLineOption( "--finalsize <w> <h>", "Size of the poster (Default: 6400 4800)." );
    usage->addCommandLineOption( "--enable-output-poster", "Output the final poster file (Default)." );
    usage->addCommandLineOption( "--disable-output-poster", "Don't output the final poster file." );
    //usage->addCommandLineOption( "--enable-output-tiles", "Output all tile files." );
    //usage->addCommandLineOption( "--disable-output-tiles", "Don't output all tile files (Default)." );
    usage->addCommandLineOption( "--use-fb", "Use Frame Buffer for rendering tiles (Default, recommended).");
    usage->addCommandLineOption( "--use-fbo", "Use Frame Buffer Object for rendering tiles.");
    usage->addCommandLineOption( "--use-pbuffer","Use Pixel Buffer for rendering tiles.");
    usage->addCommandLineOption( "--use-pbuffer-rtt","Use Pixel Buffer RTT for rendering tiles.");
    usage->addCommandLineOption( "--inactive", "Inactive capturing mode." );
    usage->addCommandLineOption( "--camera-eye <x> <y> <z>", "Set eye position in inactive mode." );
    usage->addCommandLineOption( "--camera-latlongheight <lat> <lon> <h>", "Set eye position on earth in inactive mode." );
    usage->addCommandLineOption( "--camera-hpr <h> <p> <r>", "Set eye rotation in inactive mode." );

    if ( arguments.read("-h") || arguments.read("--help") )
    {
        usage->write( std::cout );
        return 1;
    }

    // Poster arguments
    bool activeMode = true;
    bool outputPoster = true;
    //bool outputTiles = false;
    int tileWidth = 640, tileHeight = 480;
    int posterWidth = 640*2, posterHeight = 480*2;
    std::string posterName = "poster.bmp", extName = "bmp";
    osg::Vec4 bgColor(0.2f, 0.2f, 0.6f, 1.0f);
    osg::Camera::RenderTargetImplementation renderImplementation = osg::Camera::FRAME_BUFFER_OBJECT;

    while ( arguments.read("--inactive") ) { activeMode = false; }
    while ( arguments.read("--color", bgColor.r(), bgColor.g(), bgColor.b()) ) {}
    while ( arguments.read("--tilesize", tileWidth, tileHeight) ) {}
    while ( arguments.read("--finalsize", posterWidth, posterHeight) ) {}
    while ( arguments.read("--poster", posterName) ) {}
    while ( arguments.read("--ext", extName) ) {}
    while ( arguments.read("--enable-output-poster") ) { outputPoster = true; }
    while ( arguments.read("--disable-output-poster") ) { outputPoster = false; }
    //while ( arguments.read("--enable-output-tiles") ) { outputTiles = true; }
    //while ( arguments.read("--disable-output-tiles") ) { outputTiles = false; }
    while ( arguments.read("--use-fbo")) { renderImplementation = osg::Camera::FRAME_BUFFER_OBJECT; }
    while ( arguments.read("--use-pbuffer")) { renderImplementation = osg::Camera::PIXEL_BUFFER; }
    while ( arguments.read("--use-pbuffer-rtt")) { renderImplementation = osg::Camera::PIXEL_BUFFER_RTT; }
    while ( arguments.read("--use-fb")) { renderImplementation = osg::Camera::FRAME_BUFFER; }

    // Camera settings for inactive screenshot
    bool useLatLongHeight = true;
    osg::Vec3d eye;
    osg::Vec3d latLongHeight( 50.0, 10.0, 2000.0 );
    osg::Vec3d hpr( 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 );
    if ( arguments.read("--camera-eye", eye.x(), eye.y(), eye.z()) )
    {
        useLatLongHeight = false;
        activeMode = false;
    }
    else if ( arguments.read("--camera-latlongheight", latLongHeight.x(), latLongHeight.y(), latLongHeight.z()) )
    {
        activeMode = false;
        latLongHeight.x() = osg::DegreesToRadians( latLongHeight.x() );
        latLongHeight.y() = osg::DegreesToRadians( latLongHeight.y() );
    }
    if ( arguments.read("--camera-hpr", hpr.x(), hpr.y(), hpr.z()) )
    {
        activeMode = false;
        hpr.x() = osg::DegreesToRadians( hpr.x() );
        hpr.y() = osg::DegreesToRadians( hpr.y() );
        hpr.z() = osg::DegreesToRadians( hpr.z() );
    }

    // Construct scene graph
    osg::ref_ptr<osg::Node> scene = osgDB::readRefNodeFiles( arguments );
    if ( !scene ) scene = osgDB::readRefNodeFile( "cow.osgt" );
    if ( !scene )
    {
        std::cout << arguments.getApplicationName() <<": No data loaded" << std::endl;
        return 1;
    }

    // Create camera for rendering tiles offscreen. FrameBuffer is recommended because it requires less memory.
    osg::ref_ptr<osg::Camera> camera = new osg::Camera;
    camera->setClearColor( bgColor );
    camera->setClearMask( GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT );
    camera->setReferenceFrame( osg::Transform::ABSOLUTE_RF );
    camera->setRenderOrder( osg::Camera::PRE_RENDER );
    camera->setRenderTargetImplementation( renderImplementation );
    camera->setViewport( 0, 0, tileWidth, tileHeight );
    camera->addChild( scene );

    // Set the printer
    osg::ref_ptr<PosterPrinter> printer = new PosterPrinter;
    printer->setTileSize( tileWidth, tileHeight );
    printer->setPosterSize( posterWidth, posterHeight );
    printer->setCamera( camera.get() );

    osg::ref_ptr<osg::Image> posterImage = 0;
    if ( outputPoster )
    {
        posterImage = new osg::Image;
        posterImage->allocateImage( posterWidth, posterHeight, 1, GL_RGBA, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE );
        printer->setFinalPoster( posterImage.get() );
        printer->setOutputPosterName( posterName );
    }

#if 0
    // While recording sub-images of the poster, the scene will always be traversed twice, from its two
    // parent node: root and camera. Sometimes this may not be so comfortable.
    // To prevent this behaviour, we can use a switch node to enable one parent and disable the other.
    // However, the solution also needs to be used with care, as the window will go blank while taking
    // snapshots and recover later.
    osg::ref_ptr<osg::Switch> root = new osg::Switch;
    root->addChild( scene, true );
    root->addChild( camera.get(), false );
#else
    osg::ref_ptr<osg::Group> root = new osg::Group;
    root->addChild( scene );
    root->addChild( camera.get() );
#endif

    osgViewer::Viewer viewer;
    viewer.setSceneData( root.get() );
    viewer.getDatabasePager()->setDoPreCompile( false );

    if ( renderImplementation==osg::Camera::FRAME_BUFFER )
    {
        // FRAME_BUFFER requires the window resolution equal or greater than the to-be-copied size
        viewer.setUpViewInWindow( 100, 100, tileWidth, tileHeight );
    }
    else
    {
        // We want to see the console output, so just render in a window
        viewer.setUpViewInWindow( 100, 100, 800, 600 );
    }

    if ( activeMode )
    {
        viewer.addEventHandler( new PrintPosterHandler(printer.get()) );
        viewer.addEventHandler( new osgViewer::StatsHandler );
        viewer.addEventHandler( new osgGA::StateSetManipulator(viewer.getCamera()->getOrCreateStateSet()) );
        viewer.setCameraManipulator( new osgGA::TrackballManipulator );
        viewer.run();
    }
    else
    {
        osg::Camera* viewer_camera = viewer.getCamera();
        if ( !useLatLongHeight ) computeViewMatrix( viewer_camera, eye, hpr );
        else computeViewMatrixOnEarth( viewer_camera, scene.get(), latLongHeight, hpr );

        osg::ref_ptr<CustomRenderer> renderer = new CustomRenderer( viewer_camera );
        viewer_camera->setRenderer( renderer.get() );
        viewer.setThreadingModel( osgViewer::Viewer::SingleThreaded );

        // Realize and initiate the first PagedLOD request
        viewer.realize();
        viewer.frame();

        printer->init( viewer_camera );
        while ( !printer->done() )
        {
            viewer.advance();

            // Keep updating and culling until full level of detail is reached
            renderer->setCullOnly( true );
            while ( viewer.getDatabasePager()->getRequestsInProgress() )
            {
                viewer.updateTraversal();
                viewer.renderingTraversals();
            }

            renderer->setCullOnly( false );
            printer->frame( viewer.getFrameStamp(), viewer.getSceneData() );
            viewer.renderingTraversals();
        }
    }
    return 0;
}