/* -*-c++-*- OpenSceneGraph - Copyright (C) 1998-2006 Robert Osfield 
 *
 * This library is open source and may be redistributed and/or modified under  
 * the terms of the OpenSceneGraph Public License (OSGPL) version 0.0 or 
 * (at your option) any later version.  The full license is in LICENSE file
 * included with this distribution, and on the openscenegraph.org website.
 * 
 * This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the 
 * OpenSceneGraph Public License for more details.
*/

#ifndef OSG_OBSERVER_PTR
#define OSG_OBSERVER_PTR

#include <osg/Notify>
#include <osg/ref_ptr>
#include <osg/Observer>

#include <OpenThreads/ScopedLock>
#include <OpenThreads/Mutex>

namespace osg {

// Internal class used to hold the "naked" pointer to the weakly
// referenced object
template<typename T>
struct WeakReference : public Observer, public Referenced
{
    WeakReference(const T* ptr) : _ptr(const_cast<T*>(ptr)) {}

    virtual void objectDeleted(void*)
    {
        bool deleteNeeded = false;
        {
            OpenThreads::ScopedLock<OpenThreads::Mutex> lock(_mutex);
            if (!_ptr)
            {
                // The last weak reference was deleted after the last
                // reference, but the observer hasn't run yet. The
                // observer can't be prevented from running, so it
                // must delete itself.
                deleteNeeded = true;
            }
            else
            {
                _ptr = 0;
            }
        }
        if (deleteNeeded) delete this;
    }
    
    /**
     * "Lock" a Referenced object i.e., protect it from being deleted
     * by incrementing its reference count.
     *
     * returns null if object doesn't exist anymore
     */
    virtual T* addRefLock()
    {
        OpenThreads::ScopedLock<OpenThreads::Mutex> lock(_mutex);
        if (!_ptr) return 0;
        int refCount = _ptr->ref();
        if (refCount == 1)
        {
            // The object is in the process of being deleted, but our
            // objectDeleted() method hasn't been run yet (and we're
            // blocking it -- and the final destruction -- with our lock).
            _ptr->unref_nodelete();
            return 0;
        }
        return _ptr;
    }
    OpenThreads::Mutex _mutex;
    T* _ptr;
};

// Reference object for observer_ptr that was initialized with an
// "unsafe" object e.g., a stack-allocated object.

template<typename T>
struct UnsafeWeakReference : public WeakReference<T>
{
    UnsafeWeakReference(const T* ptr) : WeakReference<T>(ptr) {}

    // Don't even touch the ref count of an unsafe object
    T* addRefLock()
    {
        OSG_WARN << "tried to lock an unsafe observer_ptr.";
        return 0;
    }
};

/**
   Delete the WeakReference object, if necessary. The WeakReference
   should be deleted when the last observer_ptr pointing to it goes
   out of scope; this avoids a memory leak. A race must be prevented
   between this function and WeakReference::objectDeleted(). If the
   referenced object is being deleted at the same time as this
   function is called, we can't prevent objectDeleted() from being
   run, so we need to leave the WeakReference in a valid state and let
   objectDeleted() delete it. */
template<typename T>
void maybeDelete(WeakReference<T>* weakRef)
{
    if (!weakRef || weakRef->unref_nodelete() > 0)
        return;
    // No other observer_ptrs hold weakRef, so clean up.
    bool doDelete = false;
    bool doRemove = false;
    UnsafeWeakReference<T>* unsafe = 0;
    T* ptr = 0;
    {
        OpenThreads::ScopedLock<OpenThreads::Mutex> lock(weakRef->_mutex);
        if (!weakRef->_ptr)
        {
            // The object has already been deleted; it's OK to delete weakRef.
            doDelete = true;
        }
        else
        {
            ptr = weakRef->_ptr;
            // Carefully remove weakRef as an observer.
            unsafe = dynamic_cast<UnsafeWeakReference<T>*>(weakRef);
            if (!unsafe && weakRef->_ptr->ref() == 1)
            {
                // The referenced object is being deleted, so the
                // Observer method must delete the weak reference.
                weakRef->_ptr->unref_nodelete();
                weakRef->_ptr = 0;
            }
            else
            {
                // The referenced object won't be deleted until we
                // decrement the reference count, so remove the
                // observer. However, we need to give up the lock on
                // weakRef first, to avoid an ordering deadlock;
                // removeObserver takes a lock on the observer set.
                doRemove = true;
                doDelete = true;
            }
        }
    }
    if (doRemove)
    {
        ptr->removeObserver(weakRef);
        if (!unsafe)
            ptr->unref_nodelete();
    }
    if (doDelete) delete weakRef;
}

/**
 * Get a weak reference from a Referenced. This returns a
 * WeakReference object with the ref count bumped. We must already
 * hold a reference to the Referenced object so it won't get
 * deleted during this process.
 */
template<typename T> WeakReference<T>* getWeakReference(const T* object);

/** Smart pointer for observed objects, that automatically set pointers to them to null when they deleted.
  * To use the observer_ptr<> robustly in multi-threaded applications it is recommend to access the pointer via
  * the lock() method that passes back a ref_ptr<> that safely takes a reference to the object to prevent deletion
  * during usage of the object.  In certain conditions it may be safe to use the pointer directly without using lock(),
  * which will confer a perfomance advantage, the conditions are:
  *   1) The data structure is only accessed/deleted in single threaded/serial way.
  *   2) The data strucutre is guarenteed by high level management of data strucutures and threads which avoid
  *      possible situations where the observer_ptr<>'s object may be deleted by one thread whilst being accessed
  *      by another.
  * If you are in any doubt about whether it is safe to access the object safe then use
  * ref_ptr<> observer_ptr<>.lock() combination. */
template<class T>
class observer_ptr : public Observer
{
public:
    typedef T element_type;
    observer_ptr() : _reference(0) {}
    /**
     * Create a observer_ptr from a ref_ptr.
     */
    observer_ptr(ref_ptr<T>& rp)
    {
        _reference = getWeakReference(rp.get());
    }
    /**
     * Create a observer_ptr from a raw pointer. For compatibility;
     * the result might not be lockable.
     */
    observer_ptr(T* rp)
    {
        _reference = getWeakReference<T>(rp);
    }
    
    observer_ptr(const observer_ptr& wp) : _reference(wp._reference)
    {
        if (_reference) _reference->ref();
    }

    ~observer_ptr()
    {
        maybeDelete(_reference);
    }
    
    observer_ptr& operator = (const observer_ptr& wp)
    {
        if (wp._reference) wp._reference->ref();
        maybeDelete(_reference);
        _reference = wp._reference;
        return *this;
    }

    observer_ptr& operator = (const ref_ptr<T>& rp)
    {
        WeakReference<T>* tmp = getWeakReference(rp.get());
        maybeDelete(_reference);
        _reference = tmp;
        return *this;
    }

    observer_ptr& operator = (T* rp)
    {
        WeakReference<T>* tmp = getWeakReference(rp);
        maybeDelete(_reference);
        _reference = tmp;
        return *this;
    }
    /**
     * Create a ref_ptr from a observer_ptr. The ref_ptr will be valid if the
     * referenced object hasn't been deleted and has a ref count > 0.
     */
    ref_ptr<T> lock() const
    {
        if (!_reference)
            return ref_ptr<T>();
        T* obj = _reference->addRefLock();
        if (!obj)
            return ref_ptr<T>();
        ref_ptr<T> result(obj);
        obj->unref_nodelete();
        return result;
    }
    /** Comparison operators. These continue to work even after the
     * observed object has been deleted.
     */
    bool operator == (const observer_ptr& wp) const
    { return _reference == wp._reference; }
    bool operator != (const observer_ptr& wp) const
    { return _reference != wp._reference; }
    bool operator < (const observer_ptr& wp) const
    { return _reference < wp._reference; }
    bool operator > (const observer_ptr& wp) const
    { return _reference > wp._reference; }
    // Non-strict interface, for compatibility
    // comparison operator for const T*.
    inline bool operator == (const T* ptr) const
    {
        if (!_reference)
            return !ptr;
        else
            return (_reference->_ptr==ptr);
    }
    inline bool operator != (const T* ptr) const
    {
        if (!_reference)
            return ptr != 0;
        else
            return (_reference->_ptr!=ptr);
    }
    inline bool operator < (const T* ptr) const { return (_reference && _reference->_ptr<ptr); }
    inline bool operator > (const T* ptr) const { return (_reference && _reference->ptr>ptr); }
    // Convenience methods for operating on object, however, access is not automatically threadsafe.
    // To make thread safe, one should either ensure at a high level
    // that the object will not be deleted while operating on it, or
    // by using the observer_ptr<>::lock() to get a ref_ptr<> that
    // ensures the objects stay alive throughout all access to it.

    // Throw an error if _reference is null?
    inline T& operator*() const { return *_reference->_ptr; }
    inline T* operator->() const   { return _reference? _reference->_ptr : 0; }
    // get the raw C pointer
    inline T* get() const { return _reference ? _reference->_ptr : 0; }

    inline bool operator!() const   { return !_reference || !_reference->_ptr; }
    inline bool valid() const       { return _reference && _reference->_ptr; }
protected:
    // The pointer to the WeakReference is not kept in a ref_ptr so that
    // its deletion can be managed explicitly.
    WeakReference<T>* _reference;
};


template<typename T>
WeakReference<T>*
getWeakReference(const T* object)
{
    if (!object)
        return 0;
    WeakReference<T>* result = 0;
    ObserverSet* setData = object->getOrCreateObserverSet();
    OpenThreads::ScopedLock<OpenThreads::Mutex> lock(*setData->getObserverSetMutex());
    ObserverSet::Observers &observers = setData->getObservers();
    for (ObserverSet::Observers::iterator itr = observers.begin(),
             end = observers.end();
         itr != end;
         ++itr)
    {
        if ((result = dynamic_cast<WeakReference<T>*>(*itr)))
        {
            int weakRefCount = result->ref();
            if (weakRefCount == 1)
            {
                // The last weak reference disappeared, but hasn't
                // been removed from the observers list yet.
                result->unref_nodelete();
            }
            else
            {
                return result;
            }
        }
    }
    if (object->referenceCount() > 0)
        result = new WeakReference<T>(object);
    else
        result = new UnsafeWeakReference<T>(object);
    result->ref();
    observers.insert(result);
    return result;
}

}

#endif