diff --git a/include/osgGA/DriveManipulator b/include/osgGA/DriveManipulator
index be71a7dbf..684194671 100644
--- a/include/osgGA/DriveManipulator
+++ b/include/osgGA/DriveManipulator
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ right simultaneously) stops dead.
 
 class OSGGA_EXPORT DriveManipulator : public CameraManipulator
 {
-public:
+    public:
 
         DriveManipulator();
 
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ public:
 
         virtual bool handle(const GUIEventAdapter& ea,GUIActionAdapter& us);
 
-private:
+    protected:
 
         /** Reset the internal GUIEvent stack.*/
         void flushMouseEventStack();
diff --git a/include/osgGA/FlightManipulator b/include/osgGA/FlightManipulator
index 0a67f0ebb..c9d0c89e1 100644
--- a/include/osgGA/FlightManipulator
+++ b/include/osgGA/FlightManipulator
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ button (or left and right simultaneously) stops dead.
 
 class OSGGA_EXPORT FlightManipulator : public CameraManipulator
 {
-public:
+    public:
 
         FlightManipulator();
         virtual ~FlightManipulator();
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ public:
         /**        Configure the Yaw control for the flight model.        */
         void setYawControlMode(YawControlMode ycm) { _yawMode = ycm; }
 
-private:
+    protected:
 
         /** Reset the internal GUIEvent stack.*/
         void flushMouseEventStack();
diff --git a/include/osgGA/TrackballManipulator b/include/osgGA/TrackballManipulator
index 71160792c..912a7f56c 100644
--- a/include/osgGA/TrackballManipulator
+++ b/include/osgGA/TrackballManipulator
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ class OSGGA_EXPORT TrackballManipulator : public CameraManipulator
         /** handle events, return true if handled, false otherwise.*/
         virtual bool handle(const GUIEventAdapter& ea,GUIActionAdapter& us);
 
-    private:
+    protected:
 
         /** Reset the internal GUIEvent stack.*/
         void flushMouseEventStack();