OpenSceneGraph/include/osgUtil/Optimizer

/* -*-c++-*- OpenSceneGraph - Copyright (C) 1998-2006 Robert Osfield
 *
 * This library is open source and may be redistributed and/or modified under
 * the terms of the OpenSceneGraph Public License (OSGPL) version 0.0 or
 * (at your option) any later version.  The full license is in LICENSE file
 * included with this distribution, and on the openscenegraph.org website.
 *
 * This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 * OpenSceneGraph Public License for more details.
*/

#ifndef OSGUTIL_OPTIMIZER
#define OSGUTIL_OPTIMIZER

#include <osg/NodeVisitor>
#include <osg/Matrix>
#include <osg/Geometry>
#include <osg/Transform>
#include <osg/Texture2D>

#include <osgUtil/Export>

#include <set>

namespace osgUtil {

// forward declare
class Optimizer;

/** Helper base class for implementing Optimizer techniques.*/
class OSGUTIL_EXPORT BaseOptimizerVisitor : public osg::NodeVisitor
{
    public:

        BaseOptimizerVisitor(Optimizer* optimizer, unsigned int operation):
            osg::NodeVisitor(osg::NodeVisitor::TRAVERSE_ALL_CHILDREN),
            _optimizer(optimizer),
            _operationType(operation)
        {
            setNodeMaskOverride(0xffffffff);
        }

        inline bool isOperationPermissibleForObject(const osg::StateSet* object) const;
        inline bool isOperationPermissibleForObject(const osg::StateAttribute* object) const;
        inline bool isOperationPermissibleForObject(const osg::Drawable* object) const;
        inline bool isOperationPermissibleForObject(const osg::Node* object) const;

    protected:

        Optimizer*      _optimizer;
        unsigned int _operationType;
};

/** Traverses scene graph to improve efficiency. See OptimizationOptions.
  * For example of usage see examples/osgimpostor or osgviewer.
  */

class OSGUTIL_EXPORT Optimizer
{

    public:

        Optimizer() {}
        virtual ~Optimizer() {}

        enum OptimizationOptions
        {
            FLATTEN_STATIC_TRANSFORMS = (1 << 0),
            REMOVE_REDUNDANT_NODES =    (1 << 1),
            REMOVE_LOADED_PROXY_NODES = (1 << 2),
            COMBINE_ADJACENT_LODS =     (1 << 3),
            SHARE_DUPLICATE_STATE =     (1 << 4),
            MERGE_GEOMETRY =            (1 << 5),
            CHECK_GEOMETRY =            (1 << 6),
            MAKE_FAST_GEOMETRY =        (1 << 7),
            SPATIALIZE_GROUPS =         (1 << 8),
            COPY_SHARED_NODES =         (1 << 9),
            TRISTRIP_GEOMETRY =         (1 << 10),
            TESSELLATE_GEOMETRY =       (1 << 11),
            OPTIMIZE_TEXTURE_SETTINGS = (1 << 12),
            MERGE_GEODES =              (1 << 13),
            FLATTEN_BILLBOARDS =        (1 << 14),
            TEXTURE_ATLAS_BUILDER =     (1 << 15),
            STATIC_OBJECT_DETECTION =   (1 << 16),
            FLATTEN_STATIC_TRANSFORMS_DUPLICATING_SHARED_SUBGRAPHS = (1 << 17),
            INDEX_MESH =                (1 << 18),
            VERTEX_POSTTRANSFORM =      (1 << 19),
            VERTEX_PRETRANSFORM =       (1 << 20),
            DEFAULT_OPTIMIZATIONS = FLATTEN_STATIC_TRANSFORMS |
                                REMOVE_REDUNDANT_NODES |
                                REMOVE_LOADED_PROXY_NODES |
                                COMBINE_ADJACENT_LODS |
                                SHARE_DUPLICATE_STATE |
                                MERGE_GEOMETRY |
                                MAKE_FAST_GEOMETRY |
                                CHECK_GEOMETRY |
                                OPTIMIZE_TEXTURE_SETTINGS |
                                STATIC_OBJECT_DETECTION,
            ALL_OPTIMIZATIONS = FLATTEN_STATIC_TRANSFORMS_DUPLICATING_SHARED_SUBGRAPHS |
                                REMOVE_REDUNDANT_NODES |
                                REMOVE_LOADED_PROXY_NODES |
                                COMBINE_ADJACENT_LODS |
                                SHARE_DUPLICATE_STATE |
                                MERGE_GEODES |
                                MERGE_GEOMETRY |
                                MAKE_FAST_GEOMETRY |
                                CHECK_GEOMETRY |
                                SPATIALIZE_GROUPS |
                                COPY_SHARED_NODES |
                                TRISTRIP_GEOMETRY |
                                OPTIMIZE_TEXTURE_SETTINGS |
                                TEXTURE_ATLAS_BUILDER |
                                STATIC_OBJECT_DETECTION
        };

        /** Reset internal data to initial state - the getPermissibleOptionsMap is cleared.*/
        void reset();

        /** Traverse the node and its subgraph with a series of optimization
          * visitors, specified by the OptimizationOptions.*/
        void optimize(osg::Node* node);

        /** Traverse the node and its subgraph with a series of optimization
          * visitors, specified by the OptimizationOptions.*/
        virtual void optimize(osg::Node* node, unsigned int options);


        /** Callback for customizing what operations are permitted on objects in the scene graph.*/
        struct IsOperationPermissibleForObjectCallback : public osg::Referenced
        {
            virtual bool isOperationPermissibleForObjectImplementation(const Optimizer* optimizer, const osg::StateSet* stateset,unsigned int option) const
            {
                return optimizer->isOperationPermissibleForObjectImplementation(stateset,option);
            }

            virtual bool isOperationPermissibleForObjectImplementation(const Optimizer* optimizer, const osg::StateAttribute* attribute,unsigned int option) const
            {
                return optimizer->isOperationPermissibleForObjectImplementation(attribute,option);
            }

            virtual bool isOperationPermissibleForObjectImplementation(const Optimizer* optimizer, const osg::Drawable* drawable,unsigned int option) const
            {
                return optimizer->isOperationPermissibleForObjectImplementation(drawable,option);
            }

            virtual bool isOperationPermissibleForObjectImplementation(const Optimizer* optimizer, const osg::Node* node,unsigned int option) const
            {
                return optimizer->isOperationPermissibleForObjectImplementation(node,option);
            }

        };

        /** Set the callback for customizing what operations are permitted on objects in the scene graph.*/
        void setIsOperationPermissibleForObjectCallback(IsOperationPermissibleForObjectCallback* callback) { _isOperationPermissibleForObjectCallback=callback; }

        /** Get the callback for customizing what operations are permitted on objects in the scene graph.*/
        IsOperationPermissibleForObjectCallback* getIsOperationPermissibleForObjectCallback() { return _isOperationPermissibleForObjectCallback.get(); }

        /** Get the callback for customizing what operations are permitted on objects in the scene graph.*/
        const IsOperationPermissibleForObjectCallback* getIsOperationPermissibleForObjectCallback() const { return _isOperationPermissibleForObjectCallback.get(); }


        inline void setPermissibleOptimizationsForObject(const osg::Object* object, unsigned int options)
        {
            _permissibleOptimizationsMap[object] = options;
        }

        inline unsigned int getPermissibleOptimizationsForObject(const osg::Object* object) const
        {
            PermissibleOptimizationsMap::const_iterator itr = _permissibleOptimizationsMap.find(object);
            if (itr!=_permissibleOptimizationsMap.end()) return itr->second;
            else return 0xffffffff;
        }


        inline bool isOperationPermissibleForObject(const osg::StateSet* object, unsigned int option) const
        {
            if (_isOperationPermissibleForObjectCallback.valid())
                return _isOperationPermissibleForObjectCallback->isOperationPermissibleForObjectImplementation(this,object,option);
            else
                return isOperationPermissibleForObjectImplementation(object,option);
        }

        inline bool isOperationPermissibleForObject(const osg::StateAttribute* object, unsigned int option) const
        {
            if (_isOperationPermissibleForObjectCallback.valid())
                return _isOperationPermissibleForObjectCallback->isOperationPermissibleForObjectImplementation(this,object,option);
            else
                return isOperationPermissibleForObjectImplementation(object,option);
        }

        inline bool isOperationPermissibleForObject(const osg::Drawable* object, unsigned int option) const
        {
            if (_isOperationPermissibleForObjectCallback.valid())
                return _isOperationPermissibleForObjectCallback->isOperationPermissibleForObjectImplementation(this,object,option);
            else
                return isOperationPermissibleForObjectImplementation(object,option);
        }

        inline bool isOperationPermissibleForObject(const osg::Node* object, unsigned int option) const
        {
            if (_isOperationPermissibleForObjectCallback.valid())
                return _isOperationPermissibleForObjectCallback->isOperationPermissibleForObjectImplementation(this,object,option);
            else
                return isOperationPermissibleForObjectImplementation(object,option);
        }

        bool isOperationPermissibleForObjectImplementation(const osg::StateSet* stateset, unsigned int option) const
        {
            return (option & getPermissibleOptimizationsForObject(stateset))!=0;
        }

        bool isOperationPermissibleForObjectImplementation(const osg::StateAttribute* attribute, unsigned int option) const
        {
            return (option & getPermissibleOptimizationsForObject(attribute))!=0;
        }

        bool isOperationPermissibleForObjectImplementation(const osg::Drawable* drawable, unsigned int option) const
        {
            if (option & (REMOVE_REDUNDANT_NODES|MERGE_GEOMETRY))
            {
                if (drawable->getUserData()) return false;
                if (drawable->getUpdateCallback()) return false;
                if (drawable->getEventCallback()) return false;
                if (drawable->getCullCallback()) return false;
            }
            return (option & getPermissibleOptimizationsForObject(drawable))!=0;
        }

        bool isOperationPermissibleForObjectImplementation(const osg::Node* node, unsigned int option) const
        {
            if (option & (REMOVE_REDUNDANT_NODES|COMBINE_ADJACENT_LODS|FLATTEN_STATIC_TRANSFORMS))
            {
                if (node->getUserData()) return false;
                if (node->getUpdateCallback()) return false;
                if (node->getEventCallback()) return false;
                if (node->getCullCallback()) return false;
                if (node->getNumDescriptions()>0) return false;
                if (node->getStateSet()) return false;
                if (node->getNodeMask()!=0xffffffff) return false;
                // if (!node->getName().empty()) return false;
            }

            return (option & getPermissibleOptimizationsForObject(node))!=0;
        }

    protected:

        osg::ref_ptr<IsOperationPermissibleForObjectCallback> _isOperationPermissibleForObjectCallback;

        typedef std::map<const osg::Object*,unsigned int> PermissibleOptimizationsMap;
        PermissibleOptimizationsMap _permissibleOptimizationsMap;

    public:

        /** Flatten Static Transform nodes by applying their transform to the
          * geometry on the leaves of the scene graph, then removing the
          * now redundant transforms.  Static transformed Subgraphs that have multiple
          * parental paths above them are not flattened, if you require this then
          * the subgraphs have to be duplicated - for this use the
          * FlattenStaticTransformsDuplicatingSharedSubgraphsVisitor. */
        class OSGUTIL_EXPORT FlattenStaticTransformsVisitor : public BaseOptimizerVisitor
        {
            public:

                FlattenStaticTransformsVisitor(Optimizer* optimizer=0):
                    BaseOptimizerVisitor(optimizer, FLATTEN_STATIC_TRANSFORMS) {}

                virtual void apply(osg::Node& geode);
                virtual void apply(osg::Geode& geode);
                virtual void apply(osg::Billboard& geode);
                virtual void apply(osg::ProxyNode& node);
                virtual void apply(osg::PagedLOD& node);
                virtual void apply(osg::Transform& transform);

                bool removeTransforms(osg::Node* nodeWeCannotRemove);

            protected:

                typedef std::vector<osg::Transform*>                TransformStack;
                typedef std::set<osg::Drawable*>                    DrawableSet;
                typedef std::set<osg::Billboard*>                   BillboardSet;
                typedef std::set<osg::Node* >                       NodeSet;
                typedef std::set<osg::Transform*>                   TransformSet;

                TransformStack  _transformStack;
                NodeSet         _excludedNodeSet;
                DrawableSet     _drawableSet;
                BillboardSet    _billboardSet;
                TransformSet    _transformSet;
        };

        /** FlattenStaticTransformsDuplicatingSharedSubgraphsVisitor is similar to
          * to FlattenStaticTransformsVisitor in that is desgined to remove static transforms
          * from the scene graph, pushing down the transforms to the geometry leaves of the scene graph,
          * but with the difference that any subgraphs that are shared between different transforms
          * of duplicated and flatten individually.  This results in more static transforms
          * being removed, but also means that more data is generated, and as a result may
          * not always be the most appropriate flatten visitor to use.*/
        class OSGUTIL_EXPORT FlattenStaticTransformsDuplicatingSharedSubgraphsVisitor : public BaseOptimizerVisitor
        {
            public:

                FlattenStaticTransformsDuplicatingSharedSubgraphsVisitor(Optimizer* optimizer=0):
                    BaseOptimizerVisitor(optimizer, FLATTEN_STATIC_TRANSFORMS_DUPLICATING_SHARED_SUBGRAPHS) {}

                virtual void reset();

                virtual void apply(osg::Group& group);
                virtual void apply(osg::Transform& transform);
                virtual void apply(osg::LOD& lod);
                virtual void apply(osg::Geode& geode);
                virtual void apply(osg::Billboard& billboard);

            protected:

                void transformGeode(osg::Geode& geode);
                void transformDrawable(osg::Drawable& drawable);
                void transformBillboard(osg::Billboard& billboard);

                std::vector<osg::Matrix> _matrixStack;

        };

        /** Combine Static Transform nodes that sit above one another.*/
        class OSGUTIL_EXPORT CombineStaticTransformsVisitor : public BaseOptimizerVisitor
        {
            public:

                CombineStaticTransformsVisitor(Optimizer* optimizer=0):
                    BaseOptimizerVisitor(optimizer, FLATTEN_STATIC_TRANSFORMS) {}

                virtual void apply(osg::MatrixTransform& transform);

                bool removeTransforms(osg::Node* nodeWeCannotRemove);

            protected:

                typedef std::set<osg::MatrixTransform*> TransformSet;
                TransformSet  _transformSet;
        };

        /** Remove rendundant nodes, such as groups with one single child.*/
        class OSGUTIL_EXPORT RemoveEmptyNodesVisitor : public BaseOptimizerVisitor
        {
            public:


                typedef std::set<osg::Node*> NodeList;
                NodeList                     _redundantNodeList;

                RemoveEmptyNodesVisitor(Optimizer* optimizer=0):
                    BaseOptimizerVisitor(optimizer, REMOVE_REDUNDANT_NODES) {}

                virtual void apply(osg::Geode& geode);
                virtual void apply(osg::Group& group);

                void removeEmptyNodes();

        };

        /** Remove redundant nodes, such as groups with one single child.*/
        class OSGUTIL_EXPORT RemoveRedundantNodesVisitor : public BaseOptimizerVisitor
        {
            public:

                typedef std::set<osg::Node*> NodeList;
                NodeList                     _redundantNodeList;

                RemoveRedundantNodesVisitor(Optimizer* optimizer=0):
                    BaseOptimizerVisitor(optimizer, REMOVE_REDUNDANT_NODES) {}

                virtual void apply(osg::Group& group);
                virtual void apply(osg::Transform& transform);

                bool isOperationPermissible(osg::Node& node);

                void removeRedundantNodes();

        };

        /** Remove loaded proxy nodes.*/
        class OSGUTIL_EXPORT RemoveLoadedProxyNodesVisitor : public BaseOptimizerVisitor
        {
            public:

                typedef std::set<osg::Node*> NodeList;
                NodeList                     _redundantNodeList;

                RemoveLoadedProxyNodesVisitor(Optimizer* optimizer=0):
                    BaseOptimizerVisitor(optimizer, REMOVE_LOADED_PROXY_NODES) {}

                virtual void apply(osg::ProxyNode& group);

                void removeRedundantNodes();

        };

        /** Tessellate all geodes, to remove POLYGONS.*/
        class OSGUTIL_EXPORT TessellateVisitor : public BaseOptimizerVisitor
        {
            public:

                typedef std::set<osg::Group*>  GroupList;
                GroupList                      _groupList;

                TessellateVisitor(Optimizer* optimizer=0):
                    BaseOptimizerVisitor(optimizer, TESSELLATE_GEOMETRY) {}

                virtual void apply(osg::Geode& geode);

        };

        /** Optimize the LOD groups, by combining adjacent LOD's which have
          * complementary ranges.*/
        class OSGUTIL_EXPORT CombineLODsVisitor : public BaseOptimizerVisitor
        {
            public:

                typedef std::set<osg::Group*>  GroupList;
                GroupList                      _groupList;

                CombineLODsVisitor(Optimizer* optimizer=0):
                    BaseOptimizerVisitor(optimizer, COMBINE_ADJACENT_LODS) {}

                virtual void apply(osg::LOD& lod);

                void combineLODs();

        };

        /** Optimize State in the scene graph by removing duplicate state,
          * replacing it with shared instances, both for StateAttributes,
          * and whole StateSets.*/
        class OSGUTIL_EXPORT StateVisitor : public BaseOptimizerVisitor
        {
            public:

                /// default to traversing all children.
                StateVisitor(bool combineDynamicState,
                             bool combineStaticState,
                             bool combineUnspecifiedState,
                             Optimizer* optimizer=0):
                    BaseOptimizerVisitor(optimizer, SHARE_DUPLICATE_STATE)
                {
                    _optimize[osg::Object::DYNAMIC] = combineDynamicState;
                    _optimize[osg::Object::STATIC] = combineStaticState;
                    _optimize[osg::Object::UNSPECIFIED] = combineUnspecifiedState;
                }

                /** empty visitor, make it ready for next traversal.*/
                virtual void reset();

                virtual void apply(osg::Node& node);

                virtual void apply(osg::Geode& geode);

                void optimize();

            protected:

                void addStateSet(osg::StateSet* stateset,osg::Object* obj);

                inline bool optimize(osg::Object::DataVariance variance)
                {
                    return _optimize[variance];
                }

                typedef std::set<osg::Object*>              ObjectSet;
                typedef std::map<osg::StateSet*,ObjectSet>  StateSetMap;

                // note, one element for DYNAMIC, STATIC and UNSPECIFIED
                bool _optimize[3];

                StateSetMap _statesets;

        };

        /** Combine geodes
          */
        class OSGUTIL_EXPORT MergeGeodesVisitor : public BaseOptimizerVisitor
        {
            public:

                /// default to traversing all children.
                MergeGeodesVisitor(Optimizer* optimizer=0):
                    BaseOptimizerVisitor(optimizer, MERGE_GEODES) {}

                virtual void apply(osg::Group& group);

                bool mergeGeodes(osg::Group& group);

            protected:

                bool mergeGeode(osg::Geode& lhs, osg::Geode& rhs);

        };

        class OSGUTIL_EXPORT CheckGeometryVisitor : public BaseOptimizerVisitor
        {
            public:

                /// default to traversing all children.
                CheckGeometryVisitor(Optimizer* optimizer=0):
                    BaseOptimizerVisitor(optimizer, CHECK_GEOMETRY) {}

                virtual void apply(osg::Geode& geode) { checkGeode(geode); }

                void checkGeode(osg::Geode& geode);

        };

        class OSGUTIL_EXPORT MakeFastGeometryVisitor : public BaseOptimizerVisitor
        {
            public:

                /// default to traversing all children.
                MakeFastGeometryVisitor(Optimizer* optimizer=0):
                    BaseOptimizerVisitor(optimizer, MAKE_FAST_GEOMETRY) {}

                virtual void apply(osg::Geode& geode) { checkGeode(geode); }

                void checkGeode(osg::Geode& geode);

        };

        class OSGUTIL_EXPORT MergeGeometryVisitor : public BaseOptimizerVisitor
        {
            public:

                /// default to traversing all children.
                MergeGeometryVisitor(Optimizer* optimizer=0) :
                    BaseOptimizerVisitor(optimizer, MERGE_GEOMETRY),
                    _targetMaximumNumberOfVertices(10000) {}

                void setTargetMaximumNumberOfVertices(unsigned int num)
                {
                    _targetMaximumNumberOfVertices = num;
                }

                unsigned int getTargetMaximumNumberOfVertices() const
                {
                    return _targetMaximumNumberOfVertices;
                }

                virtual void apply(osg::Geode& geode) { mergeGeode(geode); }
                virtual void apply(osg::Billboard&) { /* don't do anything*/ }

                bool mergeGeode(osg::Geode& geode);

                static bool geometryContainsSharedArrays(osg::Geometry& geom);

                static bool mergeGeometry(osg::Geometry& lhs,osg::Geometry& rhs);

                static bool mergePrimitive(osg::DrawArrays& lhs,osg::DrawArrays& rhs);
                static bool mergePrimitive(osg::DrawArrayLengths& lhs,osg::DrawArrayLengths& rhs);
                static bool mergePrimitive(osg::DrawElementsUByte& lhs,osg::DrawElementsUByte& rhs);
                static bool mergePrimitive(osg::DrawElementsUShort& lhs,osg::DrawElementsUShort& rhs);
                static bool mergePrimitive(osg::DrawElementsUInt& lhs,osg::DrawElementsUInt& rhs);

            protected:

                unsigned int _targetMaximumNumberOfVertices;

        };

        /** Spatialize scene into a balanced quad/oct tree.*/
        class OSGUTIL_EXPORT SpatializeGroupsVisitor : public BaseOptimizerVisitor
        {
            public:

                SpatializeGroupsVisitor(Optimizer* optimizer=0):
                    BaseOptimizerVisitor(optimizer, SPATIALIZE_GROUPS) {}

                virtual void apply(osg::Group& group);
                virtual void apply(osg::Geode& geode);

                bool divide(unsigned int maxNumTreesPerCell=8);

                bool divide(osg::Group* group, unsigned int maxNumTreesPerCell);
                bool divide(osg::Geode* geode, unsigned int maxNumTreesPerCell);

                typedef std::set<osg::Group*> GroupsToDivideList;
                GroupsToDivideList _groupsToDivideList;

                typedef std::set<osg::Geode*> GeodesToDivideList;
                GeodesToDivideList _geodesToDivideList;
        };

        /** Copy any shared subgraphs, enabling flattening of static transforms.*/
        class OSGUTIL_EXPORT CopySharedSubgraphsVisitor : public BaseOptimizerVisitor
        {
            public:

                CopySharedSubgraphsVisitor(Optimizer* optimizer=0):
                    BaseOptimizerVisitor(optimizer, COPY_SHARED_NODES) {}

                virtual void apply(osg::Node& node);

                void copySharedNodes();

                typedef std::set<osg::Node*> SharedNodeList;
                SharedNodeList _sharedNodeList;

        };


        /** For all textures apply settings.*/
        class OSGUTIL_EXPORT TextureVisitor : public BaseOptimizerVisitor
        {
            public:

                TextureVisitor(bool changeAutoUnRef, bool valueAutoUnRef,
                               bool changeClientImageStorage, bool valueClientImageStorage,
                               bool changeAnisotropy, float valueAnisotropy,
                               Optimizer* optimizer=0):
                        BaseOptimizerVisitor(optimizer, OPTIMIZE_TEXTURE_SETTINGS),
                        _changeAutoUnRef(changeAutoUnRef), _valueAutoUnRef(valueAutoUnRef),
                        _changeClientImageStorage(changeClientImageStorage), _valueClientImageStorage(valueClientImageStorage),
                        _changeAnisotropy(changeAnisotropy), _valueAnisotropy(valueAnisotropy) {}

                virtual void apply(osg::Geode& node);
                virtual void apply(osg::Node& node);

                void apply(osg::StateSet& stateset);
                void apply(osg::Texture& texture);

                bool            _changeAutoUnRef, _valueAutoUnRef;
                bool            _changeClientImageStorage, _valueClientImageStorage;
                bool            _changeAnisotropy;
                float           _valueAnisotropy;

        };

        /** Flatten MatrixTransform/Billboard pairs.*/
        class OSGUTIL_EXPORT FlattenBillboardVisitor : public BaseOptimizerVisitor
        {
            public:
                FlattenBillboardVisitor(Optimizer* optimizer=0):
                        BaseOptimizerVisitor(optimizer, FLATTEN_BILLBOARDS) {}

                typedef std::vector<osg::NodePath> NodePathList;
                typedef std::map<osg::Billboard*, NodePathList > BillboardNodePathMap;

                virtual void reset();

                virtual void apply(osg::Billboard& billboard);

                void process();

                BillboardNodePathMap _billboards;

        };

        /** Texture Atlas Builder creates a set of textures/images which each contain multiple images.
          * Texture Atlas' are used to make it possible to use much wider batching of data. */
        class OSGUTIL_EXPORT TextureAtlasBuilder
        {
        public:
            TextureAtlasBuilder();

            void reset();

            void setMaximumAtlasSize(int width, int height);

            int getMaximumAtlasWidth() const { return _maximumAtlasWidth; }
            int getMaximumAtlasHeight() const { return _maximumAtlasHeight; }

            void setMargin(int margin);
            int getMargin() const { return _margin; }

            void addSource(const osg::Image* image);
            void addSource(const osg::Texture2D* texture);

            unsigned int getNumSources() const { return _sourceList.size(); }
            const osg::Image* getSourceImage(unsigned int i) { return _sourceList[i]->_image.get(); }
            const osg::Texture2D* getSourceTexture(unsigned int i) { return _sourceList[i]->_texture.get(); }

            void buildAtlas();
            osg::Image* getImageAtlas(unsigned int i);
            osg::Texture2D* getTextureAtlas(unsigned int i);
            osg::Matrix getTextureMatrix(unsigned int i);

            osg::Image* getImageAtlas(const osg::Image* image);
            osg::Texture2D* getTextureAtlas(const osg::Image* image);
            osg::Matrix getTextureMatrix(const osg::Image* image);

            osg::Image* getImageAtlas(const osg::Texture2D* textue);
            osg::Texture2D* getTextureAtlas(const osg::Texture2D* texture);
            osg::Matrix getTextureMatrix(const osg::Texture2D* texture);

        protected:

            int _maximumAtlasWidth;
            int _maximumAtlasHeight;
            int _margin;


            // forward declare
            class Atlas;

            class Source : public osg::Referenced
            {
            public:
                Source():
                    _x(0),_y(0),_atlas(0) {}

                Source(const osg::Image* image):
                    _x(0),_y(0),_atlas(0),_image(image) {}

                Source(const osg::Texture2D* texture):
                    _x(0),_y(0),_atlas(0),_texture(texture) { if (texture) _image = texture->getImage(); }

                int _x;
                int _y;
                Atlas* _atlas;

                osg::ref_ptr<const osg::Image> _image;
                osg::ref_ptr<const osg::Texture2D> _texture;

                bool suitableForAtlas(int maximumAtlasWidth, int maximumAtlasHeight, int margin);
                osg::Matrix computeTextureMatrix() const;


            protected:

                virtual ~Source() {}
            };

            typedef std::vector< osg::ref_ptr<Source> > SourceList;

            class Atlas : public osg::Referenced
            {
            public:
                Atlas(int width, int height, int margin):
                    _maximumAtlasWidth(width),
                    _maximumAtlasHeight(height),
                    _margin(margin),
                    _x(0),
                    _y(0),
                    _width(0),
                    _height(0),
                    _indexFirstOfRow(0){}

                int _maximumAtlasWidth;
                int _maximumAtlasHeight;
                int _margin;

                osg::ref_ptr<osg::Texture2D> _texture;
                osg::ref_ptr<osg::Image> _image;

                SourceList _sourceList;

                int _x;
                int _y;
                int _width;
                int _height;
                unsigned int _indexFirstOfRow; ///< Contain the index of the first element of the last row.
                enum FitsIn
                {
                    DOES_NOT_FIT_IN_ANY_ROW,
                    FITS_IN_CURRENT_ROW,
                    IN_NEXT_ROW
                };
                FitsIn doesSourceFit(Source* source);
                bool addSource(Source* source);
                void clampToNearestPowerOfTwoSize();
                void copySources();

            protected:
                virtual ~Atlas() {}
            };

            typedef std::vector< osg::ref_ptr<Atlas> > AtlasList;

            Source* getSource(const osg::Image* image);
            Source* getSource(const osg::Texture2D* texture);

            SourceList _sourceList;
            AtlasList _atlasList;
            private:
                struct CompareSrc
                {
                    bool operator()(osg::ref_ptr<Source> src1, osg::ref_ptr<Source> src2) const
                    {
                        return src1->_image->t() > src2->_image->t();
                    }
                };
                void completeRow(unsigned int indexAtlas);
        };


        /** Optimize texture usage in the scene graph by combining textures into texture atlas
          * Use of texture atlas cuts down on the number of seperate states in the scene, reducing
          * state changes and improving the chances of use larger batches of geomertry.*/
        class OSGUTIL_EXPORT TextureAtlasVisitor : public BaseOptimizerVisitor
        {
            public:

                /// default to traversing all children.
                TextureAtlasVisitor(Optimizer* optimizer=0):
                    BaseOptimizerVisitor(optimizer, TEXTURE_ATLAS_BUILDER) {}


                TextureAtlasBuilder& getTextureAtlasBuilder() { return _builder; }

                /** empty visitor, make it ready for next traversal.*/
                virtual void reset();

                virtual void apply(osg::Node& node);

                virtual void apply(osg::Geode& geode);

                void optimize();

            protected:

                bool pushStateSet(osg::StateSet* stateset);
                void popStateSet();

                typedef std::set<osg::Drawable*>  Drawables;
                typedef std::map<osg::StateSet*, Drawables>  StateSetMap;
                typedef std::set<osg::Texture2D*>  Textures;
                typedef std::vector<osg::StateSet*>  StateSetStack;

                TextureAtlasBuilder _builder;

                StateSetMap     _statesetMap;
                StateSetStack   _statesetStack;
                Textures        _textures;

        };

        /** Optimize the setting of StateSet and Geometry objects in scene so that they have a STATIC DataVariance
          * when they don't have any callbacks associated with them. */
        class OSGUTIL_EXPORT StaticObjectDetectionVisitor : public BaseOptimizerVisitor
        {
            public:

                /// default to traversing all children.
                StaticObjectDetectionVisitor(Optimizer* optimizer=0):
                    BaseOptimizerVisitor(optimizer, STATIC_OBJECT_DETECTION) {}

                virtual void apply(osg::Node& node);

                virtual void apply(osg::Geode& geode);

            protected:

                void applyStateSet(osg::StateSet& stateset);

                void applyDrawable(osg::Drawable& drawable);

        };
};

inline bool BaseOptimizerVisitor::isOperationPermissibleForObject(const osg::StateSet* object) const
{
    return _optimizer ? _optimizer->isOperationPermissibleForObject(object,_operationType) :  true;
}

inline bool BaseOptimizerVisitor::isOperationPermissibleForObject(const osg::StateAttribute* object) const
{
    return _optimizer ? _optimizer->isOperationPermissibleForObject(object,_operationType) :  true;
}

inline bool BaseOptimizerVisitor::isOperationPermissibleForObject(const osg::Drawable* object) const
{
    return _optimizer ? _optimizer->isOperationPermissibleForObject(object,_operationType) :  true;
}

inline bool BaseOptimizerVisitor::isOperationPermissibleForObject(const osg::Node* object) const
{
    return _optimizer ? _optimizer->isOperationPermissibleForObject(object,_operationType) :  true;
}

}

#endif