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< title > Introduction to the OpenSceneGraph< / title >
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< td > < a href = "index.html" > Index< / a > < / td >
< td > < a href = "introduction.html" > Introduction< / a > < / td >
< td > < a href = "contents.html" > Contents< / a > < / td >
< td > < a href = "install.html" > Install< / a > < / td >
< td > < a href = "dependencies.html" > Dependencies< / a > < / td >
< td > < a href = "demos.html" > Demos< / a > < / td >
< td > < a href = "data.html" > Data< / a > < / td >
< td > < a href = "sgv.html" > Viewer< / a > < / td >
< td > < a href = "stereo.html" > Stereo< / a > < / td >
< td > < a href = "plan.html" > Plan< / a > < / td >
< td > < a href = "documentation.html" > Reference Guides< / a > < / td >
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< h2 >
< u > Introduction to the OpenSceneGraph< / u > < / h2 >
Welcome to OpenSceneGraph project!
< p > The OpenSceneGraph is an Open Source (LGPL), Cross Platform (Widows,
Linux, Mac OSX, FreeBSD, Irix, Solaris), Standard C++ and OpenGL based
graphics development library, uses range from visual simulation, games,
virtual reality, scientific visualization and graphics research. This pages
introduces what scene graphs are, why graphics developers use them, and
details about the OpenSceneGraph, project, how to learn how to use it and
contribute to the OpenSceneGraph community.
< p > < i > Robert Osfield, Project Lead. April 2002.< / i >
< br >
< hr >
< h3 >
< u > What is a Scene Graph?< / u > < / h3 >
Its a tree! Quite simply one the best and most reusable data structures
invented. Typically drawn schematically as root at the top, leaves at the
bottom. It all starts with a topmost root node which encompasses your whole
virtual world, be it 2D or 3D. The world is then broken down into hierarchy
of nodes representing either a spatial grouping of objects, setting the
position of objects, animating objects,. or define a logical relationship
between objects such as to manage the various states of a traffic light.
The leaves of the graph represent the physical objects themselves, the
drawable geometry and their material properties.
< p > A scene graph isn't a complete game or simulation engine, although may
be one of the main components of such an engine, it's primary focus is
representing your 3d worlds, and rendering it efficiently. Physics models,
collision detection and audio are left to other development libraries that
a user will integrate with.. The fact that scene graphs don't typically
integrate all these features is actually a really good thing, it aids interoprability
with clients own applications and tools they wish to use and allows them
to serve many varied markets from games, visual simulation, virtual reality,
scientific and commercial visualization, training through to modeling programs.
< br >
< hr >
< h3 >
< u > Why use a Scene Graph - Performance, Productivity, Portability and Scalability< / u > .< / h3 >
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< li > < p >
< i > Performance< / i > - scene graphs provide an excellent framework for
maximize graphics performance. A good scene graph employs two key techniques
- culling of the objects that won't be seen on screen, and state sorting
of properties such as textures and materials so that all similar objects
are drawn together. Without culling the CPU, buses and GPU will all become
swamped by many times the amount of data than they actually require to
represent you work accurately. The hierarchical structure of the scene
graph makes this culling process very efficient with whole town being culled
with just a few operations! Without state sorting, the the buses and GPU
will thrash between states, stalling the graphics and destroying graphics
throughout. As GPU's get faster and faster, the cost of stalling the graphics
is also going up, so scene graph are become ever more important.
< / p > < / li >
< li > < p >
< i > Productivity< / i > - scene graphs take much of the hard work required
to develop high performance graphics applications. The scene graphs manage
all the graphics for you, reducing what would be thousands of lines of
OpenGL down to a few simple calls. Furthermoe, one of most powerful concepts
in Object Orientated programming is that of object composition, enshrined
in < i > Composite Design Pattern< / i > , which fits the scene graph tree structure
perfectly which makes it highly flexible and reusable design - in real
terms this means that it can be easily adapted it to solve your problems.
Scene graph also often come additional utility libraries which range for
helping users set up and manage graphics windows to import of 3d modes
and images. All this together allows the user to achieve a great deal with
very little coding. A dozen lines of code can be enough to load your data
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and create an interactive viewer!
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< / p > < / li >
< li > < p >
< i > Portability< / i > - scene graphs encapsulate much of the lower level
tasks of rendering graphics and reading and writing data, reducing or even
eradicating the platform specific coding that you require in your own application.
If the underlying scene graph is portable then moving from platform to
platform can be a simple as recompiling your source code.
< / p > < / li >
< li > < p >
< i > Scalability< / i > - along with being able to dynamic manage the complexity
of scenes automatically to account for differences in graphics performance
across a range of machines, scene graphs also make it much easier to manage
complex hardware configurations, such as clusters of graphics machines,
or multiprocessor/multipipe systems such as SGI's Onyx. A good scene graph
will allow the developer to concentrate on developing their own application
while the rendering framework of the scene graph handles the different
underlying hardware configurations.
< / p > < / li >
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< / ol >
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< hr >
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< h3 >
< u > So what about the OpenSceneGraph project?< / u > < / h3 >
The OpenSceneGraph is an Open Source Scene Graph, and our goal is make
the benefits of scene graph technology available to all. Our scene graph
is still in development, but has already gained a great deal of respect
amongst the development community for its high performance, cleanness of
design and portability. Written entirely in Standard C++ and OpenGL, it
makes full use of STL and Design Patterns, and leverages the open source
development model to provide a development library that is legacy free
and well focused on the solving the task. The OpenSceneGraph delivers on
the four key benefits of scene graph technology outlined above using the
following features:
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< li > < p >
< i > Performance< / i > - supports view frustum culling, small feature culling,
Level Of Details (LOD') nodes, state sorting, vertex arrays and display
list as part of the core scene graph, these together make the OpenSceneGraph
one highest performance scene graph available. User feedback is that performance
surpasses much more established scene graphs such as Performer, VTee, Vega
Scene Graph and Jave3D! The OpenSceneGraph also supports easy customization
of the drawing process, which has allowed implementation of Continuos Level
of Detail (CLOD) meshes on top the scene graph, these allow the visualization
of massive terrain databases interactively, examples of this approach can
be found at both Vterrain.org and TerrainEngine.com which both integrate
with the OpenSceneGraph.
< / p > < / li >
< li > < p >
< i > Productivity< / i > - by combining lessons learned from established
scene graph like Performer and Open Inventor, with modern software engineering
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methodologies like Design Patterns and a great deal of feedback early on
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in the development cycle, it has been possible to design a design that
clean and highly interpretable. This has made it easy for user to adopt
to the OpenSceneGraph and to integrate with their own applications. With
a full feature set in the core scene graph, utilities to set up the scene
graph and viewers and a wide range of loaders it is possible to create
an application and bring in user data with a very small amount of code.
< / p > < / li >
< li > < p >
< i > Portability< / i > - The core scene graph has also been designed to
be have minimal platform specific dependency, requiring little more than
Standard C++ and OpenGL. The has allowed the scene graph to be rapidly
ported on wide range of platforms -
originally developed on IRIX, then
ported to Linux, then to Windows, then FreeBSD, then Mac OSX and most recently
Solaris! Being completely windowing system independent makes it easy for
users to add their own window specific libraries and applications on top.
In the distribution there is already the osgGLUT library, and in the Bazaar
found at openscenegrph.org/download/ once can find examples of how applications
written on top Qt, MFC, WxWindows and SDL. Users have also integrated it
with Motif, and X.
< / p > < / li >
< li > < p >
< i > Scalability< / i > - the scene graph not only runs from portables all the
way up to Onyx Infinite Reality Monsters, it supports the multiple graphics
subsystems found on machines like the a mulitpipe Onyx. This is possible
since the core scene graph supports multiple graphics context for both
OpenGL DisplayLists and texture objects, and the cull and draw traversals
have been designed to cache rendering data locally and use the scene gaph
almost entirely as a read only operation. This allows multiple cull-draw
pairs to run on multiple CPU's which are bound to multiple graphics subsystems.
This has been demonstrated using the OpenSceneGraph in conjunction with
sgi's OpenGL multipipe SDK. We also have osgMP in development which will
be cross platform and transparently support multiple multipipe systems
like the Onyx and graphics clusters
< / p > < / li >
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< / ol >
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All the source to is published under the GNU Library General Public License
(LGPL) which allows both open source and closed source projects to use,
modify and distribute it freely as long its usage complies with the LGPL.
The project has been developed over the last four years, initiated by Don
Burns, and then taken over by Robert Osfield who continues to lead project
today, there are many other contributors to the library, for a full list
check out the AUTHORS file. Both Robert and Don now work on the OpenSceneGraph
in a professional capacity providing consultancy and bespoke developments
on top the library, and are also collaborating on the book. Work on the
core scene graph and support of public mailing list remains unpaid as are
the contributions of the rest of the community, but this hasn't impacted
the quality of the source or support which once you get stuck in you grow
to appreciate.
< p > The project is current in alpha, which means parts of the API are still
to be developed, or subject to change, but the vast majority of the scene
graph is there, and a beta will be published within the next few months,
with a 1.0 release in late summer. Despite the alpha development status,
the project has already earned the reputation the leading open source scene
graph, and is establishing itself a viable alternative to the commercial
scene graphs. Numerous companies, university researchers and graphics enthusiasts
have already adopted their projects, and are from all over the world.
< br >
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< hr >
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< h3 >
< u > Getting started< / u > < / h3 >
The first thing is to select the distribution which suits you, there are
binary, development and source code distributions, these can be loaded
from the
< a href = "http://www.openscenegraph.org/download" > http://www.openscenegraph.org/download< / a >
page. The latest developments area available as via a nightly tarball or
via cvs.
< p > The binary distribution contains just the libraries (.dll's /.so's)
and demo executables. This is suitable for using the OpenSceneGraph with
an application that has already been compiled but depends at runtime on
the OpenSceneGraph.
< p > The development distribution contains the libraries (.dll's /.so's),
demo executables, include files, and source to the demos. This is suitable
for using the developers using the OpenSceneGraph.
< p > The source distribution contains the all the source and include files
required to build the OpenSceneGraph from scratch, and is ideal if you
want to learn more about how the scene graph works, how to extend it, and
to track down and fix any problems that you come across.
< p > If you are using a source distribution then read the < a href = "install.html" > installation< / a >
instructions for how to get the OpenSceneGraph compiling and installed
on your system. You may also need to download libraries that parts of the
OpenSceneGraph is dependent upon such as glut, check the
< a href = "dependencies.html" > dependencies< / a >
list for further details.
< br >
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< hr >
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< h3 >
< u > How to learn to use the OpenSceneGraph< / u > < / h3 >
The OpenSceneGraph distribution comes with a reference guide for each of
the component libraries - osg, osgDB, osgUtil, osgText and osgGLUT, a set
of demos - the source of which can be found in src/Demos/. For questions
or help which can't be easily be answered by the reference guide and demo
source, one should join the mailing list (details below). There is also
the beginnings of < a href = "http://www.c2.com/cgi/wiki?OpenSceneGraphFaq" > Wiki
based FAQ< / a > which may help answer a few of the common queries.
< p > A programming guide will be available in form of a OpenSceneGraph book
which is being written by Don Burns and Robert Osfield, parts of it will
be available online.
< p > Although not directly related to the OpenSceneGraph, once can learn
about scene graph technology from such sources as the < a href = "http://www.sgi.com/software/inventor/manuals.html" > Open
Inventor Mentor< / a > , and < a href = "http://www.cineca.it/manuali/Performer/ProgGuide24/html" > Performer
Programming Guides< / a > . The later is the closest in design concepts to
the OpenSceneGraph, although Performer manuals is in C alas. Also of use
as a background to some of the techniques used is a SIGGRAPH < a href = "http://www.opengl.org/developers/code/sig99/advanced99/course_slides/vissim/index.htm" > Vis-Sim
course< / a > .
< p > The OpenSceneGraph uses OpenGL and does with a deliberately thin layer,
making it easy to control the underlying OpenGL and to extend it with OpenGL
extensions. The close tie with OpenGL is also reflected in the naming of
many of the OpenGL state related classes, the the parameters that they
encapsulate and means that knowledge of OpenGL itself will go a long way
to understanding how to get the best out of the OpenSceneGraph. To this
end it is worth obtaining a copy of the OpenGL programming guide - < a href = "http://fly.cc.fer.hr/~unreal/theredbook/" > `Red
Book`< / a > and OpenGL reference guide 'Blue Book'. The main < a href = "http://www.opengl.org" > OpenGL
website< / a > is also a good source of links and further information.
< br >
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< h3 >
< u > Support and discussion - the < i > openscenegraph-news< / i > mailing list< / u > < / h3 >
For scene graph related questions, bug reports, bug fixes, and general
design and development discussion one should join the < a href = "http://lists.sourceforge.net/mailman/listinfo/openscenegraph-news" > openscenegraph-news< / a >
mailing list, and check the the mailing list < a href = "http://www.geocrawler.com/redir-sf.php3?list=openscenegraph-news" > archives< / a > .
< p > Professional support is also available in the form of confidential online,
phone and onsite support and consultancy, for details contact Robert Osfield
at < a href = "mailto:robert@openscenegraph.com" > robert@openscenegraph.com< / a > .
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