OpenSceneGraph/examples/osgspheresegment/osgspheresegment.cpp

/* OpenSceneGraph example, osgspheresegment.
*
*  Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
*  of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
*  in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
*  to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
*  copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
*  furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
*
*  THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
*  IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
*  FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
*  AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
*  LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
*  OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
*  THE SOFTWARE.
*/

#include <osgViewer/Viewer>
#include <osgViewer/ViewerEventHandlers>

#include <osg/Group>
#include <osg/Geode>
#include <osg/ShapeDrawable>
#include <osg/Texture2D>
#include <osg/PositionAttitudeTransform>
#include <osg/MatrixTransform>
#include <osg/Geometry>

#include <osgUtil/SmoothingVisitor>

#include <osgDB/ReadFile>

#include <osgText/Text>

#include <osgSim/SphereSegment>
#include <osgSim/OverlayNode>

#include <osgParticle/ExplosionEffect>
#include <osgParticle/SmokeEffect>
#include <osgParticle/FireEffect>
#include <osgParticle/ParticleSystemUpdater>

#include <osg/io_utils>

#include <iostream>

// for the grid data..
#include "../osghangglide/terrain_coords.h"

osg::AnimationPath* createAnimationPath(const osg::Vec3& center,float radius,double looptime)
{
    // set up the animation path
    osg::AnimationPath* animationPath = new osg::AnimationPath;
    animationPath->setLoopMode(osg::AnimationPath::LOOP);

    int numSamples = 40;
    float yaw = 0.0f;
    float yaw_delta = 2.0f*osg::PI/((float)numSamples-1.0f);
    float roll = osg::inDegrees(30.0f);

    double time=0.0f;
    double time_delta = looptime/(double)numSamples;
    for(int i=0;i<numSamples;++i)
    {
        osg::Vec3 position(center+osg::Vec3(sinf(yaw)*radius,cosf(yaw)*radius,0.0f));
        osg::Quat rotation(osg::Quat(roll,osg::Vec3(0.0,1.0,0.0))*osg::Quat(-(yaw+osg::inDegrees(90.0f)),osg::Vec3(0.0,0.0,1.0)));

        animationPath->insert(time,osg::AnimationPath::ControlPoint(position,rotation));

        yaw += yaw_delta;
        time += time_delta;

    }
    return animationPath;
}



class IntersectionUpdateCallback : public osg::NodeCallback
{
        virtual void operator()(osg::Node* /*node*/, osg::NodeVisitor* nv)
        {
            if (!root_ || !terrain_ || !ss_ || !intersectionGroup_)
            {
                osg::notify(osg::NOTICE)<<"IntersectionUpdateCallback not set up correctly."<<std::endl;
                return;
            }

            //traverse(node,nv);
            frameCount_++;
            if (frameCount_ > 200)
            {
                // first we need find the transformation matrix that takes
                // the terrain into the coordinate frame of the sphere segment.
                osg::Matrixd terrainLocalToWorld;
                osg::MatrixList terrain_worldMatrices = terrain_->getWorldMatrices(root_.get());
                if (terrain_worldMatrices.empty()) terrainLocalToWorld.makeIdentity();
                else if (terrain_worldMatrices.size()==1) terrainLocalToWorld = terrain_worldMatrices.front();
                else
                {
                    osg::notify(osg::NOTICE)<<"IntersectionUpdateCallback: warning cannot interestect with multiple terrain instances, just uses first one."<<std::endl;
                    terrainLocalToWorld = terrain_worldMatrices.front();
                }

                // sphere segment is easier as this callback is attached to the node, so the node visitor has the unique path to it already.
                osg::Matrixd ssWorldToLocal = osg::computeWorldToLocal(nv->getNodePath());

                // now we can compute the terrain to ss transform
                osg::Matrixd possie = terrainLocalToWorld*ssWorldToLocal;

                osgSim::SphereSegment::LineList lines = ss_->computeIntersection(possie, terrain_.get());
                if (!lines.empty())
                {
                    if (intersectionGroup_.valid())
                    {
                        // now we need to place the intersections which are in the SphereSegmenet's coordinate frame into
                        // to the final position.
                        osg::MatrixTransform* mt = new osg::MatrixTransform;
                        mt->setMatrix(osg::computeLocalToWorld(nv->getNodePath()));
                        intersectionGroup_->addChild(mt);

                        // std::cout<<"matrix = "<<mt->getMatrix()<<std::endl;

                        osg::Geode* geode = new osg::Geode;
                        mt->addChild(geode);

                        geode->getOrCreateStateSet()->setMode(GL_LIGHTING,osg::StateAttribute::OFF);

                        for(osgSim::SphereSegment::LineList::iterator itr=lines.begin();
                           itr!=lines.end();
                           ++itr)
                        {
                            osg::Geometry* geom = new osg::Geometry;
                            geode->addDrawable(geom);

                            osg::Vec3Array* vertices = itr->get();
                            geom->setVertexArray(vertices);
                            geom->addPrimitiveSet(new osg::DrawArrays(GL_LINE_STRIP, 0, vertices->getNumElements()));
                        }
                    }
                }
                else
                {
                       osg::notify(osg::NOTICE)<<"No intersections found"<<std::endl;
                }


                frameCount_ = 0;
            }
        }
    public:
    osg::observer_ptr<osg::Group> root_;
    osg::observer_ptr<osg::Geode> terrain_;
    osg::observer_ptr<osgSim::SphereSegment> ss_;
    osg::observer_ptr<osg::Group> intersectionGroup_;
    unsigned frameCount_;
};

class RotateUpdateCallback : public osg::NodeCallback
{
public:
    RotateUpdateCallback() { i=0;}
        virtual void operator()(osg::Node* node, osg::NodeVisitor* /*nv*/)
        {
            osgSim::SphereSegment * ss = dynamic_cast<osgSim::SphereSegment *>(node);
            if (ss)
            {
                ss->setArea(osg::Vec3(cos(i/(2*osg::PI)),sin(i/(2*osg::PI)),0), osg::PI_2, osg::PI_2);

                i += 0.1f;
            }

        }
protected:
    float i;
};

osg::Node* createMovingModel(const osg::Vec3& center, float radius, osg::Geode * terrainGeode, osg::Group * root, bool createMovingRadar = false)
{
    float animationLength = 10.0f;

    osg::AnimationPath* animationPath = createAnimationPath(center,radius,animationLength);

    osg::Group* model = new osg::Group;

    osg::ref_ptr<osg::Node> glider = osgDB::readRefNodeFile("glider.osgt");
    if (glider)
    {
        const osg::BoundingSphere& bs = glider->getBound();

        float size = radius/bs.radius()*0.3f;
        osg::MatrixTransform* positioned = new osg::MatrixTransform;
        positioned->setDataVariance(osg::Object::STATIC);
        positioned->setMatrix(osg::Matrix::translate(-bs.center())*
                                     osg::Matrix::scale(size,size,size)*
                                     osg::Matrix::rotate(osg::inDegrees(-90.0f),0.0f,0.0f,1.0f));

        positioned->addChild(glider);

        osg::PositionAttitudeTransform* xform = new osg::PositionAttitudeTransform;
        xform->getOrCreateStateSet()->setMode(GL_NORMALIZE, osg::StateAttribute::ON);
        xform->setUpdateCallback(new osg::AnimationPathCallback(animationPath,0.0,1.0));
        xform->addChild(positioned);
        model->addChild(xform);
    }

    if (createMovingRadar)
    {
        // The IntersectionUpdateCallback has to have a safe place to put all its generated geometry into,
        // and this group can't be in the parental chain of the callback otherwise we will end up invalidating
        // traversal iterators.
        osg::Group* intersectionGroup = new osg::Group;
        root->addChild(intersectionGroup);

        osg::PositionAttitudeTransform* xform = new osg::PositionAttitudeTransform;
        xform->setUpdateCallback(new osg::AnimationPathCallback(animationPath,0.0,1.0));

        osgSim::SphereSegment * ss = new osgSim::SphereSegment(osg::Vec3d(0.0,0.0,0.0),
                                700.0f, // radius
                                osg::DegreesToRadians(135.0f),
                                osg::DegreesToRadians(240.0f),
                                osg::DegreesToRadians(-60.0f),
                                osg::DegreesToRadians(-40.0f),
                                60);

        IntersectionUpdateCallback * iuc = new IntersectionUpdateCallback;
        iuc->frameCount_ = 0;
        iuc->root_ = root;
        iuc->terrain_ = terrainGeode;
        iuc->ss_ = ss;
        iuc->intersectionGroup_ = intersectionGroup;
        ss->setUpdateCallback(iuc);
        ss->setAllColors(osg::Vec4(1.0f,1.0f,1.0f,0.5f));
        ss->setSideColor(osg::Vec4(0.5f,1.0f,1.0f,0.1f));
        xform->addChild(ss);
        model->addChild(xform);
    }

    osg::ref_ptr<osg::Node> cessna = osgDB::readRefNodeFile("cessna.osgt");
    if (cessna)
    {
        const osg::BoundingSphere& bs = cessna->getBound();

        osgText::Text* text = new osgText::Text;
        float size = radius/bs.radius()*0.3f;

        text->setPosition(bs.center());
        text->setText("Cessna");
        text->setAlignment(osgText::Text::CENTER_CENTER);
        text->setAxisAlignment(osgText::Text::SCREEN);
        text->setCharacterSize(40.0f);
        text->setCharacterSizeMode(osgText::Text::OBJECT_COORDS);

        osg::Geode* geode = new osg::Geode;
        geode->addDrawable(text);

        osg::LOD* lod = new osg::LOD;
        lod->setRangeMode(osg::LOD::PIXEL_SIZE_ON_SCREEN);
        lod->setRadius(cessna->getBound().radius());
        lod->addChild(geode,0.0f,100.0f);
        lod->addChild(cessna,100.0f,10000.0f);


        osg::MatrixTransform* positioned = new osg::MatrixTransform;
        positioned->getOrCreateStateSet()->setMode(GL_NORMALIZE, osg::StateAttribute::ON);
        positioned->setDataVariance(osg::Object::STATIC);
        positioned->setMatrix(osg::Matrix::translate(-bs.center())*
                                     osg::Matrix::scale(size,size,size)*
                                     osg::Matrix::rotate(osg::inDegrees(180.0f),0.0f,0.0f,1.0f));

        //positioned->addChild(cessna);
        positioned->addChild(lod);

        osg::MatrixTransform* xform = new osg::MatrixTransform;
        xform->setUpdateCallback(new osg::AnimationPathCallback(animationPath,0.0f,2.0));
        xform->addChild(positioned);

        model->addChild(xform);
    }

    return model;
}

osg::Group* createOverlay(const osg::Vec3& center, float radius)
{
    osg::Group* group = new osg::Group;

    // create a grid of lines.
    {
        osg::Geometry* geom = new osg::Geometry;

        unsigned int num_rows = 10;

        osg::Vec3 left = center+osg::Vec3(-radius,-radius,0.0f);
        osg::Vec3 right = center+osg::Vec3(radius,-radius,0.0f);
        osg::Vec3 delta_row = osg::Vec3(0.0f,2.0f*radius/float(num_rows-1),0.0f);

        osg::Vec3 top = center+osg::Vec3(-radius,radius,0.0f);
        osg::Vec3 bottom = center+osg::Vec3(-radius,-radius,0.0f);
        osg::Vec3 delta_column = osg::Vec3(2.0f*radius/float(num_rows-1),0.0f,0.0f);

        osg::Vec3Array* vertices = new osg::Vec3Array;
        for(unsigned int i=0; i<num_rows; ++i)
        {
            vertices->push_back(left);
            vertices->push_back(right);
            left += delta_row;
            right += delta_row;

            vertices->push_back(top);
            vertices->push_back(bottom);
            top += delta_column;
            bottom += delta_column;
        }

        geom->setVertexArray(vertices);

        osg::Vec4ubArray& color = *(new osg::Vec4ubArray(1));
        color[0].set(0,0,0,255);
        geom->setColorArray(&color, osg::Array::BIND_OVERALL);

        geom->addPrimitiveSet(new osg::DrawArrays(GL_LINES,0,vertices->getNumElements()));

        geom->getOrCreateStateSet()->setMode(GL_LIGHTING,osg::StateAttribute::OFF);

        osg::Geode* geode = new osg::Geode;
        geode->addDrawable(geom);
        group->addChild(geode);
    }

    return group;
}

osg::Vec3 computeTerrainIntersection(osg::Node* subgraph,float x,float y)
{
    const osg::BoundingSphere& bs = subgraph->getBound();
    float zMax = bs.center().z()+bs.radius();
    float zMin = bs.center().z()-bs.radius();

    osg::ref_ptr<osgUtil::LineSegmentIntersector> intersector =
        new osgUtil::LineSegmentIntersector(osg::Vec3(x,y,zMin),osg::Vec3(x,y,zMax));

    osgUtil::IntersectionVisitor iv(intersector.get());

    subgraph->accept(iv);

    if (intersector->containsIntersections())
    {
        return intersector->getFirstIntersection().getWorldIntersectPoint();
    }

    return osg::Vec3(x,y,0.0f);
}


class AdjustSphereSegmentCallback : public osgGA::GUIEventHandler
{
public:
    void scaleSphereSegment(osgSim::SphereSegment* ss, float scale)
    {
        if (!ss) return;


        osg::Vec3 direction_vec;
        float azRange, elevRange;
        ss->getArea(direction_vec, azRange, elevRange);

        ss->setArea(direction_vec, azRange*scale, elevRange*scale);
    }

    virtual bool handle(const osgGA::GUIEventAdapter& ea,osgGA::GUIActionAdapter& /*aa*/, osg::Object* object, osg::NodeVisitor* /*nv*/)
    {
        if (ea.getHandled()) return false;

        switch(ea.getEventType())
        {
            case(osgGA::GUIEventAdapter::KEYDOWN):
            {
                if (ea.getKey()=='>')
                {
                    scaleSphereSegment(dynamic_cast<osgSim::SphereSegment*>(object), 1.1f);
                    return true;
                }
                else if (ea.getKey()=='<')
                {
                    scaleSphereSegment(dynamic_cast<osgSim::SphereSegment*>(object), 1.0f/1.1f);
                }
                break;
            }
            default:
                break;
        }
        return false;
    }


};


//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// MAIN SCENE GRAPH BUILDING FUNCTION
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

void build_world(osg::Group *root, unsigned int testCase, bool useOverlay, osgSim::OverlayNode::OverlayTechnique technique)
{

    // create terrain
    osg::ref_ptr<osg::Geode> terrainGeode;
    {
        terrainGeode = new osg::Geode;

        osg::ref_ptr<osg::StateSet> stateset = new osg::StateSet();
        osg::ref_ptr<osg::Image> image = osgDB::readRefImageFile("Images/lz.rgb");
        if (image)
        {
            osg::Texture2D* texture = new osg::Texture2D;
            texture->setImage(image);
            stateset->setTextureAttributeAndModes(0,texture,osg::StateAttribute::ON);
        }

        terrainGeode->setStateSet( stateset );


        {
            unsigned int numColumns = 38;
            unsigned int numRows = 39;
            unsigned int r, c;

            osg::Vec3 origin(0.0f,0.0f,0.0f);
            osg::Vec3 size(1000.0f,1000.0f,250.0f);

            osg::ref_ptr<osg::Geometry> geometry = new osg::Geometry;

            osg::Vec3Array& v = *(new osg::Vec3Array(numColumns*numRows));
            osg::Vec2Array& tc = *(new osg::Vec2Array(numColumns*numRows));
            osg::Vec4ubArray& color = *(new osg::Vec4ubArray(1));

            color[0].set(255,255,255,255);

            float rowCoordDelta = size.y()/(float)(numRows-1);
            float columnCoordDelta = size.x()/(float)(numColumns-1);

            float rowTexDelta = 1.0f/(float)(numRows-1);
            float columnTexDelta = 1.0f/(float)(numColumns-1);

            // compute z range of z values of grid data so we can scale it.
            float min_z = FLT_MAX;
            float max_z = -FLT_MAX;
            for(r=0;r<numRows;++r)
            {
                for(c=0;c<numColumns;++c)
                {
                    min_z = osg::minimum(min_z,vertex[r+c*numRows][2]);
                    max_z = osg::maximum(max_z,vertex[r+c*numRows][2]);
                }
            }

            float scale_z = size.z()/(max_z-min_z);

            osg::Vec3 pos = origin;
            osg::Vec2 tex(0.0f,0.0f);
            int vi=0;
            for(r=0;r<numRows;++r)
            {
                pos.x() = origin.x();
                tex.x() = 0.0f;
                for(c=0;c<numColumns;++c)
                {
                    v[vi].set(pos.x(),pos.y(),pos.z()+(vertex[r+c*numRows][2]-min_z)*scale_z);
                    tc[vi] = tex;
                    pos.x()+=columnCoordDelta;
                    tex.x()+=columnTexDelta;
                    ++vi;
                }
                pos.y() += rowCoordDelta;
                tex.y() += rowTexDelta;
            }

            geometry->setVertexArray(&v);
            geometry->setTexCoordArray(0, &tc);
            geometry->setColorArray(&color, osg::Array::BIND_OVERALL);

            for(r=0;r<numRows-1;++r)
            {
                osg::DrawElementsUShort& drawElements = *(new osg::DrawElementsUShort(GL_QUAD_STRIP,2*numColumns));
                geometry->addPrimitiveSet(&drawElements);
                int ei=0;
                for(c=0;c<numColumns;++c)
                {
                    drawElements[ei++] = (r+1)*numColumns+c;
                    drawElements[ei++] = (r)*numColumns+c;
                }
            }

            osgUtil::SmoothingVisitor smoother;
            smoother.smooth(*geometry);

            terrainGeode->addDrawable(geometry);
        }

    }


    // create sphere segment
    osg::ref_ptr<osgSim::SphereSegment> ss = 0;
    {

        osg::Matrix terrainToSS;

        switch(testCase)
        {
            case(0):
                ss = new osgSim::SphereSegment(
                                computeTerrainIntersection(terrainGeode.get(),550.0f,780.0f), // center
                                510.0f, // radius
                                osg::DegreesToRadians(135.0f),
                                osg::DegreesToRadians(240.0f),
                                osg::DegreesToRadians(-10.0f),
                                osg::DegreesToRadians(30.0f),
                                60);
                root->addChild(ss.get());
                break;
            case(1):
                ss = new osgSim::SphereSegment(
                                computeTerrainIntersection(terrainGeode.get(),550.0f,780.0f), // center
                                510.0f, // radius
                                osg::DegreesToRadians(45.0f),
                                osg::DegreesToRadians(240.0f),
                                osg::DegreesToRadians(-10.0f),
                                osg::DegreesToRadians(30.0f),
                                60);
                root->addChild(ss.get());
                break;
            case(2):
                ss = new osgSim::SphereSegment(
                                computeTerrainIntersection(terrainGeode.get(),550.0f,780.0f), // center
                                510.0f, // radius
                                osg::DegreesToRadians(5.0f),
                                osg::DegreesToRadians(355.0f),
                                osg::DegreesToRadians(-10.0f),
                                osg::DegreesToRadians(30.0f),
                                60);
                root->addChild(ss.get());
                break;
            case(3):
                ss = new osgSim::SphereSegment(
                                computeTerrainIntersection(terrainGeode.get(),550.0f,780.0f), // center
                                510.0f, // radius
                                osg::DegreesToRadians(0.0f),
                                osg::DegreesToRadians(360.0f),
                                osg::DegreesToRadians(-10.0f),
                                osg::DegreesToRadians(30.0f),
                                60);
                root->addChild(ss.get());
                break;
            case(4):
            {
                ss = new osgSim::SphereSegment(osg::Vec3d(0.0,0.0,0.0),
                                700.0f, // radius
                                osg::DegreesToRadians(135.0f),
                                osg::DegreesToRadians(240.0f),
                                osg::DegreesToRadians(-60.0f),
                                osg::DegreesToRadians(-40.0f),
                                60);

                osg::ref_ptr<osg::MatrixTransform> mt = new osg::MatrixTransform;

                mt->setMatrix(osg::Matrix(-0.851781, 0.156428, -0.5, 0,
                                          -0.180627, -0.983552, -6.93889e-18, 0,
                                          -0.491776, 0.0903136, 0.866025, 0,
                                          598.217, 481.957, 100, 1));
                mt->addChild(ss.get());

                terrainToSS.invert(mt->getMatrix());

                root->addChild(mt.get());
                break;
            }
            case(5):
            {
                ss = new osgSim::SphereSegment(osg::Vec3d(0.0,0.0,0.0),
                                700.0f, // radius
                                osg::DegreesToRadians(35.0f),
                                osg::DegreesToRadians(135.0f),
                                osg::DegreesToRadians(-60.0f),
                                osg::DegreesToRadians(-40.0f),
                                60);

                osg::ref_ptr<osg::MatrixTransform> mt = new osg::MatrixTransform;

                mt->setMatrix(osg::Matrix(-0.851781, 0.156428, -0.5, 0,
                                          -0.180627, -0.983552, -6.93889e-18, 0,
                                          -0.491776, 0.0903136, 0.866025, 0,
                                          598.217, 481.957, 100, 1));
                mt->addChild(ss.get());

                terrainToSS.invert(mt->getMatrix());

                root->addChild(mt.get());
                break;
            }
            case(6):
            {
                ss = new osgSim::SphereSegment(osg::Vec3d(0.0,0.0,0.0),
                                700.0f, // radius
                                osg::DegreesToRadians(-45.0f),
                                osg::DegreesToRadians(45.0f),
                                osg::DegreesToRadians(-60.0f),
                                osg::DegreesToRadians(-40.0f),
                                60);

                osg::ref_ptr<osg::MatrixTransform> mt = new osg::MatrixTransform;

                mt->setMatrix(osg::Matrix(-0.851781, 0.156428, -0.5, 0,
                                          -0.180627, -0.983552, -6.93889e-18, 0,
                                          -0.491776, 0.0903136, 0.866025, 0,
                                          598.217, 481.957, 100, 1));
                mt->addChild(ss.get());

                terrainToSS.invert(mt->getMatrix());

                root->addChild(mt.get());
                break;
            }
            case(7):
            {
                ss = new osgSim::SphereSegment(
                                computeTerrainIntersection(terrainGeode.get(),550.0f,780.0f), // center
                                510.0f, // radius
                                osg::DegreesToRadians(-240.0f),
                                osg::DegreesToRadians(-135.0f),
                                osg::DegreesToRadians(-10.0f),
                                osg::DegreesToRadians(30.0f),
                                60);
                ss->setUpdateCallback(new RotateUpdateCallback());
                root->addChild(ss.get());
                break;
            }
        };

        if (ss.valid())
        {
            ss->setAllColors(osg::Vec4(1.0f,1.0f,1.0f,0.5f));
            ss->setSideColor(osg::Vec4(0.0f,1.0f,1.0f,0.1f));

            if (!ss->getParents().empty())
            {
                ss->getParent(0)->addChild(ss->computeIntersectionSubgraph(terrainToSS, terrainGeode.get()));
            }

            ss->setEventCallback(new AdjustSphereSegmentCallback);

        }
    }


    if (useOverlay)
    {
        osgSim::OverlayNode* overlayNode = new osgSim::OverlayNode(technique);
        overlayNode->getOrCreateStateSet()->setTextureAttribute(1, new osg::TexEnv(osg::TexEnv::DECAL));

        const osg::BoundingSphere& bs = terrainGeode->getBound();
        osg::Group* overlaySubgraph = createOverlay(bs.center(), bs.radius()*0.5f);
        overlaySubgraph->addChild(ss.get());
        overlayNode->setOverlaySubgraph(overlaySubgraph);
        overlayNode->setOverlayTextureSizeHint(1024);
        overlayNode->setOverlayBaseHeight(0.0);
        overlayNode->addChild(terrainGeode.get());

        root->addChild(overlayNode);
    }
    else
    {
      root->addChild(terrainGeode.get());
    }

    // create particle effects
    {
        osg::Vec3 position = computeTerrainIntersection(terrainGeode.get(),100.0f,100.0f);

        osgParticle::ExplosionEffect* explosion = new osgParticle::ExplosionEffect(position, 10.0f);
        osgParticle::SmokeEffect* smoke = new osgParticle::SmokeEffect(position, 10.0f);
        osgParticle::FireEffect* fire = new osgParticle::FireEffect(position, 10.0f);

        root->addChild(explosion);
        root->addChild(smoke);
        root->addChild(fire);
    }

    // create particle effects
    {
        osg::Vec3 position = computeTerrainIntersection(terrainGeode.get(),200.0f,100.0f);

        osgParticle::ExplosionEffect* explosion = new osgParticle::ExplosionEffect(position, 1.0f);
        osgParticle::SmokeEffect* smoke = new osgParticle::SmokeEffect(position, 1.0f);
        osgParticle::FireEffect* fire = new osgParticle::FireEffect(position, 1.0f);

        root->addChild(explosion);
        root->addChild(smoke);
        root->addChild(fire);
    }


    bool createMovingRadar = true;

    // create the moving models.
    {
        root->addChild(createMovingModel(osg::Vec3(500.0f,500.0f,500.0f),100.0f, terrainGeode.get(), root, createMovingRadar));
    }
}


//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// main()
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////


int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
    // use an ArgumentParser object to manage the program arguments.
    osg::ArgumentParser arguments(&argc,argv);

    // set up the usage document, in case we need to print out how to use this program.
    arguments.getApplicationUsage()->setDescription(arguments.getApplicationName()+" is the example which demonstrates use of particle systems.");
    arguments.getApplicationUsage()->setCommandLineUsage(arguments.getApplicationName()+" [options] image_file_left_eye image_file_right_eye");
    arguments.getApplicationUsage()->addCommandLineOption("-h or --help","Display this information");


    // construct the viewer.
    osgViewer::Viewer viewer(arguments);

    // if user request help write it out to cout.
    unsigned int testCase = 0;
    while (arguments.read("-t", testCase)) {}

    bool useOverlay = false;
    osgSim::OverlayNode::OverlayTechnique technique = osgSim::OverlayNode::OBJECT_DEPENDENT_WITH_ORTHOGRAPHIC_OVERLAY;
    while (arguments.read("--object")) { useOverlay = true; technique = osgSim::OverlayNode::OBJECT_DEPENDENT_WITH_ORTHOGRAPHIC_OVERLAY; }
    while (arguments.read("--ortho") || arguments.read("--orthographic")) { useOverlay = true; technique = osgSim::OverlayNode::VIEW_DEPENDENT_WITH_ORTHOGRAPHIC_OVERLAY; }
    while (arguments.read("--persp") || arguments.read("--perspective")) { useOverlay = true; technique = osgSim::OverlayNode::VIEW_DEPENDENT_WITH_PERSPECTIVE_OVERLAY; }


    // if user request help write it out to cout.
    if (arguments.read("-h") || arguments.read("--help"))
    {
        arguments.getApplicationUsage()->write(std::cout);
        return 1;
    }

    // any option left unread are converted into errors to write out later.
    arguments.reportRemainingOptionsAsUnrecognized();

    // report any errors if they have occurred when parsing the program arguments.
    if (arguments.errors())
    {
        arguments.writeErrorMessages(std::cout);
        return 1;
    }

    osg::Group *root = new osg::Group;
    build_world(root, testCase, useOverlay, technique);


    viewer.addEventHandler(new osgViewer::StatsHandler);

    // add a viewport to the viewer and attach the scene graph.
    viewer.setSceneData(root);

    return viewer.run();
}