OpenSceneGraph/examples/osgvolume/osgvolume.cpp

/* OpenSceneGraph example, osgvolume.
*
*  Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
*  of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
*  in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
*  to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
*  copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
*  furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
*
*  THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
*  IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
*  FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
*  AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
*  LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
*  OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
*  THE SOFTWARE.
*/

#include <osg/Node>
#include <osg/Geometry>
#include <osg/Notify>
#include <osg/Texture3D>
#include <osg/Texture1D>
#include <osg/ImageSequence>
#include <osg/TexGen>
#include <osg/Geode>
#include <osg/Billboard>
#include <osg/PositionAttitudeTransform>
#include <osg/ClipNode>
#include <osg/AlphaFunc>
#include <osg/TexGenNode>
#include <osg/TexEnv>
#include <osg/TexEnvCombine>
#include <osg/Material>
#include <osg/PrimitiveSet>
#include <osg/Endian>
#include <osg/BlendFunc>
#include <osg/BlendEquation>
#include <osg/TransferFunction>
#include <osg/MatrixTransform>

#include <osgDB/Registry>
#include <osgDB/ReadFile>
#include <osgDB/WriteFile>
#include <osgDB/FileUtils>
#include <osgDB/FileNameUtils>

#include <osgGA/EventVisitor>
#include <osgGA/TrackballManipulator>
#include <osgGA/FlightManipulator>
#include <osgGA/KeySwitchMatrixManipulator>
#include <osgGA/StateSetManipulator>

#include <osgUtil/CullVisitor>

#include <osgViewer/Viewer>
#include <osgViewer/ViewerEventHandlers>

#include <osgManipulator/TabBoxDragger>
#include <osgManipulator/TabPlaneTrackballDragger>
#include <osgManipulator/TrackballDragger>

#include <osg/io_utils>

#include <algorithm>
#include <iostream>

#include <osg/ImageUtils>
#include <osgVolume/Volume>
#include <osgVolume/VolumeTile>
#include <osgVolume/RayTracedTechnique>
#include <osgVolume/FixedFunctionTechnique>
#include <osgVolume/MultipassTechnique>
#include <osgVolume/VolumeScene>

enum ShadingModel
{
    Standard,
    Light,
    Isosurface,
    MaximumIntensityProjection
};


osg::Image* createTexture3D(osg::ImageList& imageList,
            unsigned int numComponentsDesired,
            int s_maximumTextureSize,
            int t_maximumTextureSize,
            int r_maximumTextureSize,
            bool resizeToPowerOfTwo)
{

    if (numComponentsDesired==0)
    {
        return osg::createImage3DWithAlpha(imageList,
                                        s_maximumTextureSize,
                                        t_maximumTextureSize,
                                        r_maximumTextureSize,
                                        resizeToPowerOfTwo);
    }
    else
    {
        GLenum desiredPixelFormat = 0;
        switch(numComponentsDesired)
        {
            case(1) : desiredPixelFormat = GL_LUMINANCE; break;
            case(2) : desiredPixelFormat = GL_LUMINANCE_ALPHA; break;
            case(3) : desiredPixelFormat = GL_RGB; break;
            case(4) : desiredPixelFormat = GL_RGBA; break;
        }

        return osg::createImage3D(imageList,
                                        desiredPixelFormat,
                                        s_maximumTextureSize,
                                        t_maximumTextureSize,
                                        r_maximumTextureSize,
                                        resizeToPowerOfTwo);
    }
}

struct ScaleOperator
{
    ScaleOperator():_scale(1.0f) {}
    ScaleOperator(float scale):_scale(scale) {}
    ScaleOperator(const ScaleOperator& so):_scale(so._scale) {}

    ScaleOperator& operator = (const ScaleOperator& so) { _scale = so._scale; return *this; }

    float _scale;

    inline void luminance(float& l) const { l*= _scale; }
    inline void alpha(float& a) const { a*= _scale; }
    inline void luminance_alpha(float& l,float& a) const { l*= _scale; a*= _scale;  }
    inline void rgb(float& r,float& g,float& b) const { r*= _scale; g*=_scale; b*=_scale; }
    inline void rgba(float& r,float& g,float& b,float& a) const { r*= _scale; g*=_scale; b*=_scale; a*=_scale; }
};

struct RecordRowOperator : public osg::CastAndScaleToFloatOperation
{
    RecordRowOperator(unsigned int num):_colours(num),_pos(0) {}

    mutable std::vector<osg::Vec4>  _colours;
    mutable unsigned int            _pos;

    inline void luminance(float l) const { rgba(l,l,l,1.0f); }
    inline void alpha(float a) const { rgba(1.0f,1.0f,1.0f,a); }
    inline void luminance_alpha(float l,float a) const { rgba(l,l,l,a);  }
    inline void rgb(float r,float g,float b) const { rgba(r,g,b,1.0f); }
    inline void rgba(float r,float g,float b,float a) const { _colours[_pos++].set(r,g,b,a); }
};

struct WriteRowOperator
{
    WriteRowOperator():_pos(0) {}
    WriteRowOperator(unsigned int num):_colours(num),_pos(0) {}

    std::vector<osg::Vec4>  _colours;
    mutable unsigned int    _pos;

    inline void luminance(float& l) const { l = _colours[_pos++].r(); }
    inline void alpha(float& a) const { a = _colours[_pos++].a(); }
    inline void luminance_alpha(float& l,float& a) const { l = _colours[_pos].r(); a = _colours[_pos++].a(); }
    inline void rgb(float& r,float& g,float& b) const { r = _colours[_pos].r(); g = _colours[_pos].g(); b = _colours[_pos].b(); }
    inline void rgba(float& r,float& g,float& b,float& a) const {  r = _colours[_pos].r(); g = _colours[_pos].g(); b = _colours[_pos].b(); a = _colours[_pos++].a(); }
};

void clampToNearestValidPowerOfTwo(int& sizeX, int& sizeY, int& sizeZ, int s_maximumTextureSize, int t_maximumTextureSize, int r_maximumTextureSize)
{
    // compute nearest powers of two for each axis.
    int s_nearestPowerOfTwo = 1;
    while(s_nearestPowerOfTwo<sizeX && s_nearestPowerOfTwo<s_maximumTextureSize) s_nearestPowerOfTwo*=2;

    int t_nearestPowerOfTwo = 1;
    while(t_nearestPowerOfTwo<sizeY && t_nearestPowerOfTwo<t_maximumTextureSize) t_nearestPowerOfTwo*=2;

    int r_nearestPowerOfTwo = 1;
    while(r_nearestPowerOfTwo<sizeZ && r_nearestPowerOfTwo<r_maximumTextureSize) r_nearestPowerOfTwo*=2;

    sizeX = s_nearestPowerOfTwo;
    sizeY = t_nearestPowerOfTwo;
    sizeZ = r_nearestPowerOfTwo;
}

osg::Image* readRaw(int sizeX, int sizeY, int sizeZ, int numberBytesPerComponent, int numberOfComponents, const std::string& endian, const std::string& raw_filename)
{
    osgDB::ifstream fin(raw_filename.c_str(), std::ifstream::binary);
    if (!fin) return 0;

    GLenum pixelFormat;
    switch(numberOfComponents)
    {
        case 1 : pixelFormat = GL_LUMINANCE; break;
        case 2 : pixelFormat = GL_LUMINANCE_ALPHA; break;
        case 3 : pixelFormat = GL_RGB; break;
        case 4 : pixelFormat = GL_RGBA; break;
        default :
            osg::notify(osg::NOTICE)<<"Error: numberOfComponents="<<numberOfComponents<<" not supported, only 1,2,3 or 4 are supported."<<std::endl;
            return 0;
    }


    GLenum dataType;
    switch(numberBytesPerComponent)
    {
        case 1 : dataType = GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE; break;
        case 2 : dataType = GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT; break;
        case 4 : dataType = GL_UNSIGNED_INT; break;
        default :
            osg::notify(osg::NOTICE)<<"Error: numberBytesPerComponent="<<numberBytesPerComponent<<" not supported, only 1,2 or 4 are supported."<<std::endl;
            return 0;
    }

    int s_maximumTextureSize=256, t_maximumTextureSize=256, r_maximumTextureSize=256;

    int sizeS = sizeX;
    int sizeT = sizeY;
    int sizeR = sizeZ;
    clampToNearestValidPowerOfTwo(sizeS, sizeT, sizeR, s_maximumTextureSize, t_maximumTextureSize, r_maximumTextureSize);

    osg::ref_ptr<osg::Image> image = new osg::Image;
    image->allocateImage(sizeS, sizeT, sizeR, pixelFormat, dataType);


    bool endianSwap = (osg::getCpuByteOrder()==osg::BigEndian) ? (endian!="big") : (endian=="big");

    unsigned int r_offset = (sizeZ<sizeR) ? sizeR/2 - sizeZ/2 : 0;

    int offset = endianSwap ? numberBytesPerComponent : 0;
    int delta = endianSwap ? -1 : 1;
    for(int r=0;r<sizeZ;++r)
    {
        for(int t=0;t<sizeY;++t)
        {
            char* data = (char*) image->data(0,t,r+r_offset);
            for(int s=0;s<sizeX;++s)
            {
                if (!fin) return 0;

                for(int c=0;c<numberOfComponents;++c)
                {
                    char* ptr = data+offset;
                    for(int b=0;b<numberBytesPerComponent;++b)
                    {
                        fin.read((char*)ptr, 1);
                        ptr += delta;
                    }
                    data += numberBytesPerComponent;
                }
            }
        }
    }


    // normalise texture
    {
        // compute range of values
        osg::Vec4 minValue, maxValue;
        osg::computeMinMax(image.get(), minValue, maxValue);
        osg::modifyImage(image.get(),ScaleOperator(1.0f/maxValue.r()));
    }


    fin.close();

    if (dataType!=GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE)
    {
        // need to convert to ubyte

        osg::ref_ptr<osg::Image> new_image = new osg::Image;
        new_image->allocateImage(sizeS, sizeT, sizeR, pixelFormat, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE);

        RecordRowOperator readOp(sizeS);
        WriteRowOperator writeOp;

        for(int r=0;r<sizeR;++r)
        {
            for(int t=0;t<sizeT;++t)
            {
                // reset the indices to beginning
                readOp._pos = 0;
                writeOp._pos = 0;

                // read the pixels into readOp's _colour array
                osg::readRow(sizeS, pixelFormat, dataType, image->data(0,t,r), readOp);

                // pass readOp's _colour array contents over to writeOp (note this is just a pointer swap).
                writeOp._colours.swap(readOp._colours);

                osg::modifyRow(sizeS, pixelFormat, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, new_image->data(0,t,r), writeOp);

                // return readOp's _colour array contents back to its rightful owner.
                writeOp._colours.swap(readOp._colours);
            }
        }

        image = new_image;
    }

    return image.release();


}


osg::TransferFunction1D* readTransferFunctionFile(const std::string& filename, float colorScale=1.0f)
{
    std::string foundFile = osgDB::findDataFile(filename);
    if (foundFile.empty())
    {
        std::cout<<"Error: could not find transfer function file : "<<filename<<std::endl;
        return 0;
    }

    std::cout<<"Reading transfer function "<<filename<<std::endl;

    osg::TransferFunction1D::ColorMap colorMap;
    osgDB::ifstream fin(foundFile.c_str());
    while(fin)
    {
        float value, red, green, blue, alpha;
        fin >> value >> red >> green >> blue >> alpha;
        if (fin)
        {
            std::cout<<"value = "<<value<<" ("<<red<<", "<<green<<", "<<blue<<", "<<alpha<<")"<<std::endl;
            colorMap[value] = osg::Vec4(red*colorScale,green*colorScale,blue*colorScale,alpha*colorScale);
        }
    }

    if (colorMap.empty())
    {
        std::cout<<"Error: No values read from transfer function file: "<<filename<<std::endl;
        return 0;
    }

    osg::TransferFunction1D* tf = new osg::TransferFunction1D;
    tf->assign(colorMap);

    return tf;
}


class TestSupportOperation: public osg::GraphicsOperation
{
public:

    TestSupportOperation():
        osg::GraphicsOperation("TestSupportOperation",false),
        supported(true),
        errorMessage(),
        maximumTextureSize(256) {}

    virtual void operator () (osg::GraphicsContext* gc)
    {
        OpenThreads::ScopedLock<OpenThreads::Mutex> lock(mutex);

        glGetIntegerv( GL_MAX_3D_TEXTURE_SIZE, &maximumTextureSize );

        osg::notify(osg::NOTICE)<<"Max texture size="<<maximumTextureSize<<std::endl;
    }

    OpenThreads::Mutex  mutex;
    bool                supported;
    std::string         errorMessage;
    GLint               maximumTextureSize;
};

class DraggerVolumeTileCallback : public osgManipulator::DraggerCallback
{
public:

    DraggerVolumeTileCallback(osgVolume::VolumeTile* volume, osgVolume::Locator* locator):
        _volume(volume),
        _locator(locator) {}


    virtual bool receive(const osgManipulator::MotionCommand& command);


    osg::observer_ptr<osgVolume::VolumeTile>    _volume;
    osg::ref_ptr<osgVolume::Locator>            _locator;

    osg::Matrix _startMotionMatrix;

    osg::Matrix _localToWorld;
    osg::Matrix _worldToLocal;

};

bool DraggerVolumeTileCallback::receive(const osgManipulator::MotionCommand& command)
{
    if (!_locator) return false;

    switch (command.getStage())
    {
        case osgManipulator::MotionCommand::START:
        {
            // Save the current matrix
            _startMotionMatrix = _locator->getTransform();

            // Get the LocalToWorld and WorldToLocal matrix for this node.
            osg::NodePath nodePathToRoot;
            osgManipulator::computeNodePathToRoot(*_volume,nodePathToRoot);
            _localToWorld = _startMotionMatrix * osg::computeLocalToWorld(nodePathToRoot);
            _worldToLocal = osg::Matrix::inverse(_localToWorld);

            return true;
        }
        case osgManipulator::MotionCommand::MOVE:
        {
            // Transform the command's motion matrix into local motion matrix.
            osg::Matrix localMotionMatrix = _localToWorld * command.getWorldToLocal()
                                            * command.getMotionMatrix()
                                            * command.getLocalToWorld() * _worldToLocal;

            // Transform by the localMotionMatrix
            _locator->setTransform(localMotionMatrix * _startMotionMatrix);

            // osg::notify(osg::NOTICE)<<"New locator matrix "<<_locator->getTransform()<<std::endl;

            return true;
        }
        case osgManipulator::MotionCommand::FINISH:
        {
            return true;
        }
        case osgManipulator::MotionCommand::NONE:
        default:
            return false;
    }
}

int main( int argc, char **argv )
{
    // use an ArgumentParser object to manage the program arguments.
    osg::ArgumentParser arguments(&argc,argv);

    // set up the usage document, in case we need to print out how to use this program.
    arguments.getApplicationUsage()->setDescription(arguments.getApplicationName()+" is the example which demonstrates use of 3D textures.");
    arguments.getApplicationUsage()->setCommandLineUsage(arguments.getApplicationName()+" [options] filename ...");
    arguments.getApplicationUsage()->addCommandLineOption("-h or --help","Display this information");
    arguments.getApplicationUsage()->addCommandLineOption("--images [filenames]","Specify a stack of 2d images to build the 3d volume from.");
    arguments.getApplicationUsage()->addCommandLineOption("--shader","Use OpenGL Shading Language. (default)");
    arguments.getApplicationUsage()->addCommandLineOption("--multi-pass","Use MultipassTechnique to render volumes.");
    arguments.getApplicationUsage()->addCommandLineOption("--model","load 3D model and insert into the scene along with the volume.");
    arguments.getApplicationUsage()->addCommandLineOption("--hull","load 3D hull that defines the extents of the region to volume render.");
    arguments.getApplicationUsage()->addCommandLineOption("--no-shader","Disable use of OpenGL Shading Language.");
    arguments.getApplicationUsage()->addCommandLineOption("--gpu-tf","Aply the transfer function on the GPU. (default)");
    arguments.getApplicationUsage()->addCommandLineOption("--cpu-tf","Apply the transfer function on the CPU.");
    arguments.getApplicationUsage()->addCommandLineOption("--mip","Use Maximum Intensity Projection (MIP) filtering.");
    arguments.getApplicationUsage()->addCommandLineOption("--isosurface","Use Iso surface render.");
    arguments.getApplicationUsage()->addCommandLineOption("--light","Use normals computed on the GPU to render a lit volume.");
    arguments.getApplicationUsage()->addCommandLineOption("-n","Use normals computed on the GPU to render a lit volume.");
    arguments.getApplicationUsage()->addCommandLineOption("--xSize <size>","Relative width of rendered brick.");
    arguments.getApplicationUsage()->addCommandLineOption("--ySize <size>","Relative length of rendered brick.");
    arguments.getApplicationUsage()->addCommandLineOption("--zSize <size>","Relative height of rendered brick.");
    arguments.getApplicationUsage()->addCommandLineOption("--maxTextureSize <size>","Set the texture maximum resolution in the s,t,r (x,y,z) dimensions.");
    arguments.getApplicationUsage()->addCommandLineOption("--s_maxTextureSize <size>","Set the texture maximum resolution in the s (x) dimension.");
    arguments.getApplicationUsage()->addCommandLineOption("--t_maxTextureSize <size>","Set the texture maximum resolution in the t (y) dimension.");
    arguments.getApplicationUsage()->addCommandLineOption("--r_maxTextureSize <size>","Set the texture maximum resolution in the r (z) dimension.");
    arguments.getApplicationUsage()->addCommandLineOption("--modulate-alpha-by-luminance","For each pixel multiply the alpha value by the luminance.");
    arguments.getApplicationUsage()->addCommandLineOption("--replace-alpha-with-luminance","For each pixel set the alpha value to the luminance.");
    arguments.getApplicationUsage()->addCommandLineOption("--replace-rgb-with-luminance","For each rgb pixel convert to the luminance.");
    arguments.getApplicationUsage()->addCommandLineOption("--num-components <num>","Set the number of components to in he target image.");
    arguments.getApplicationUsage()->addCommandLineOption("--no-rescale","Disable the rescaling of the pixel data to 0.0 to 1.0 range");
    arguments.getApplicationUsage()->addCommandLineOption("--rescale","Enable the rescale of the pixel data to 0.0 to 1.0 range (default).");
    arguments.getApplicationUsage()->addCommandLineOption("--shift-min-to-zero","Shift the pixel data so min value is 0.0.");
    arguments.getApplicationUsage()->addCommandLineOption("--sequence-length <num>","Set the length of time that a sequence of images with run for.");
    arguments.getApplicationUsage()->addCommandLineOption("--sd <num>","Short hand for --sequence-length");
    arguments.getApplicationUsage()->addCommandLineOption("--sdwm <num>","Set the SampleDensityWhenMovingProperty to specified value");
    arguments.getApplicationUsage()->addCommandLineOption("--lod","Enable techniques to reduce the level of detail when moving.");
//    arguments.getApplicationUsage()->addCommandLineOption("--raw <sizeX> <sizeY> <sizeZ> <numberBytesPerComponent> <numberOfComponents> <endian> <filename>","read a raw image data");

    // construct the viewer.
    osgViewer::Viewer viewer(arguments);

    // add the window size toggle handler
    viewer.addEventHandler(new osgViewer::WindowSizeHandler);

    {
        osg::ref_ptr<osgGA::KeySwitchMatrixManipulator> keyswitchManipulator = new osgGA::KeySwitchMatrixManipulator;

        keyswitchManipulator->addMatrixManipulator( '1', "Trackball", new osgGA::TrackballManipulator() );

        osgGA::FlightManipulator* flightManipulator = new osgGA::FlightManipulator();
        flightManipulator->setYawControlMode(osgGA::FlightManipulator::NO_AUTOMATIC_YAW);
        keyswitchManipulator->addMatrixManipulator( '2', "Flight", flightManipulator );

        viewer.setCameraManipulator( keyswitchManipulator.get() );
    }

    // add the stats handler
    viewer.addEventHandler(new osgViewer::StatsHandler);

    // add stateset manipulator
    viewer.addEventHandler(new osgGA::StateSetManipulator(viewer.getCamera()->getOrCreateStateSet()));

    viewer.getCamera()->setClearColor(osg::Vec4(0.0f,0.0f,0.0f,0.0f));

    // if user request help write it out to cout.
    if (arguments.read("-h") || arguments.read("--help"))
    {
        arguments.getApplicationUsage()->write(std::cout);
        return 1;
    }

    std::string outputFile;
    while (arguments.read("-o",outputFile)) {}



    osg::ref_ptr<osg::TransferFunction1D> transferFunction;
    std::string tranferFunctionFile;
    while (arguments.read("--tf",tranferFunctionFile))
    {
        transferFunction = readTransferFunctionFile(tranferFunctionFile);
    }
    while (arguments.read("--tf-255",tranferFunctionFile))
    {
        transferFunction = readTransferFunctionFile(tranferFunctionFile,1.0f/255.0f);
    }

    while(arguments.read("--test"))
    {
        transferFunction = new osg::TransferFunction1D;
        transferFunction->setColor(0.0, osg::Vec4(1.0,0.0,0.0,0.0));
        transferFunction->setColor(0.5, osg::Vec4(1.0,1.0,0.0,0.5));
        transferFunction->setColor(1.0, osg::Vec4(0.0,0.0,1.0,1.0));
    }

    while(arguments.read("--test2"))
    {
        transferFunction = new osg::TransferFunction1D;
        transferFunction->setColor(0.0, osg::Vec4(1.0,0.0,0.0,0.0));
        transferFunction->setColor(0.5, osg::Vec4(1.0,1.0,0.0,0.5));
        transferFunction->setColor(1.0, osg::Vec4(0.0,0.0,1.0,1.0));
        transferFunction->assign(transferFunction->getColorMap());
    }

    {
        // deprecated options

        bool invalidOption = false;

        unsigned int numSlices=500;
        while (arguments.read("-s",numSlices)) { OSG_NOTICE<<"Warning: -s option no longer supported."<<std::endl; invalidOption = true; }

        float sliceEnd=1.0f;
        while (arguments.read("--clip",sliceEnd)) { OSG_NOTICE<<"Warning: --clip option no longer supported."<<std::endl; invalidOption = true; }


        if (invalidOption) return 1;
    }

    float xMultiplier=1.0f;
    while (arguments.read("--xMultiplier",xMultiplier)) {}

    float yMultiplier=1.0f;
    while (arguments.read("--yMultiplier",yMultiplier)) {}

    float zMultiplier=1.0f;
    while (arguments.read("--zMultiplier",zMultiplier)) {}


    float alphaFunc=0.02f;
    while (arguments.read("--alphaFunc",alphaFunc)) {}



    ShadingModel shadingModel = Standard;
    while(arguments.read("--mip")) shadingModel =  MaximumIntensityProjection;

    while (arguments.read("--isosurface") || arguments.read("--iso-surface")) shadingModel = Isosurface;

    while (arguments.read("--light") || arguments.read("-n")) shadingModel = Light;

    float xSize=0.0f, ySize=0.0f, zSize=0.0f;
    while (arguments.read("--xSize",xSize)) {}
    while (arguments.read("--ySize",ySize)) {}
    while (arguments.read("--zSize",zSize)) {}

    osg::ref_ptr<TestSupportOperation> testSupportOperation = new TestSupportOperation;
    viewer.setRealizeOperation(testSupportOperation.get());

    viewer.realize();

    int maximumTextureSize = testSupportOperation->maximumTextureSize;
    int s_maximumTextureSize = maximumTextureSize;
    int t_maximumTextureSize = maximumTextureSize;
    int r_maximumTextureSize = maximumTextureSize;
    while(arguments.read("--maxTextureSize",maximumTextureSize))
    {
        s_maximumTextureSize = maximumTextureSize;
        t_maximumTextureSize = maximumTextureSize;
        r_maximumTextureSize = maximumTextureSize;
    }
    while(arguments.read("--s_maxTextureSize",s_maximumTextureSize)) {}
    while(arguments.read("--t_maxTextureSize",t_maximumTextureSize)) {}
    while(arguments.read("--r_maxTextureSize",r_maximumTextureSize)) {}

    // set up colour space operation.
    osg::ColorSpaceOperation colourSpaceOperation = osg::NO_COLOR_SPACE_OPERATION;
    osg::Vec4 colourModulate(0.25f,0.25f,0.25f,0.25f);
    while(arguments.read("--modulate-alpha-by-luminance")) { colourSpaceOperation = osg::MODULATE_ALPHA_BY_LUMINANCE; }
    while(arguments.read("--modulate-alpha-by-colour", colourModulate.x(),colourModulate.y(),colourModulate.z(),colourModulate.w() )) { colourSpaceOperation = osg::MODULATE_ALPHA_BY_COLOR; }
    while(arguments.read("--replace-alpha-with-luminance")) { colourSpaceOperation = osg::REPLACE_ALPHA_WITH_LUMINANCE; }
    while(arguments.read("--replace-rgb-with-luminance")) { colourSpaceOperation = osg::REPLACE_RGB_WITH_LUMINANCE; }


    enum RescaleOperation
    {
        NO_RESCALE,
        RESCALE_TO_ZERO_TO_ONE_RANGE,
        SHIFT_MIN_TO_ZERO
    };

    RescaleOperation rescaleOperation = RESCALE_TO_ZERO_TO_ONE_RANGE;
    while(arguments.read("--no-rescale")) rescaleOperation = NO_RESCALE;
    while(arguments.read("--rescale")) rescaleOperation = RESCALE_TO_ZERO_TO_ONE_RANGE;
    while(arguments.read("--shift-min-to-zero")) rescaleOperation = SHIFT_MIN_TO_ZERO;


    bool resizeToPowerOfTwo = false;

    unsigned int numComponentsDesired = 0;
    while(arguments.read("--num-components", numComponentsDesired)) {}

    bool useManipulator = false;
    while(arguments.read("--manipulator") || arguments.read("-m")) { useManipulator = true; }

    bool useShader = true;
    while(arguments.read("--shader")) { useShader = true; }
    while(arguments.read("--no-shader")) { useShader = false; }

    bool useMultipass = false;
    while(arguments.read("--multi-pass")) useMultipass = true;

    std::string filename;
    osg::ref_ptr<osg::Group> models;
    while(arguments.read("--model",filename))
    {
        osg::ref_ptr<osg::Node> model = osgDB::readNodeFile(filename);
        if (model.valid())
        {
            if (!models) models = new osg::Group;
            models->addChild(model.get());
        }
    }

    osg::ref_ptr<osg::Group> hulls;
    while(arguments.read("--hull",filename))
    {
        osg::ref_ptr<osg::Node> hull = osgDB::readNodeFile(filename);
        if (hull.valid())
        {
            if (!hulls) hulls = new osg::Group;
            hulls->addChild(hull.get());
        }
    }

    bool gpuTransferFunction = true;
    while(arguments.read("--gpu-tf")) { gpuTransferFunction = true; }
    while(arguments.read("--cpu-tf")) { gpuTransferFunction = false; }

    double sampleDensityWhenMoving = 0.0;
    while(arguments.read("--sdwm", sampleDensityWhenMoving)) {}

    double sampleRatioWhenMoving = 0.0;
    while(arguments.read("--srwm", sampleRatioWhenMoving)) {}

    while(arguments.read("--lod")) { sampleDensityWhenMoving = 0.02; }

    double sequenceLength = 10.0;
    while(arguments.read("--sequence-duration", sequenceLength) ||
          arguments.read("--sd", sequenceLength)) {}

    typedef std::list< osg::ref_ptr<osg::Image> > Images;
    Images images;


    std::string vh_filename;
    while (arguments.read("--vh", vh_filename))
    {
        std::string raw_filename, transfer_filename;
        int xdim(0), ydim(0), zdim(0);

        osgDB::ifstream header(vh_filename.c_str());
        if (header)
        {
            header >> raw_filename >> transfer_filename >> xdim >> ydim >> zdim >> xSize >> ySize >> zSize;
        }

        if (xdim*ydim*zdim==0)
        {
            std::cout<<"Error in reading volume header "<<vh_filename<<std::endl;
            return 1;
        }

        if (!raw_filename.empty())
        {
            images.push_back(readRaw(xdim, ydim, zdim, 1, 1, "little", raw_filename));
        }

        if (!transfer_filename.empty())
        {
            osgDB::ifstream fin(transfer_filename.c_str());
            if (fin)
            {
                osg::TransferFunction1D::ColorMap colorMap;
                float value = 0.0;
                while(fin && value<=1.0)
                {
                    float red, green, blue, alpha;
                    fin >> red >> green >> blue >> alpha;
                    if (fin)
                    {
                        colorMap[value] = osg::Vec4(red/255.0f,green/255.0f,blue/255.0f,alpha/255.0f);
                        std::cout<<"value = "<<value<<" ("<<red<<", "<<green<<", "<<blue<<", "<<alpha<<")";
                        std::cout<<"  ("<<colorMap[value]<<")"<<std::endl;
                    }
                    value += 1/255.0;
                }

                if (colorMap.empty())
                {
                    std::cout<<"Error: No values read from transfer function file: "<<transfer_filename<<std::endl;
                    return 0;
                }

                transferFunction = new osg::TransferFunction1D;
                transferFunction->assign(colorMap);
            }
        }

    }


    int sizeX, sizeY, sizeZ, numberBytesPerComponent, numberOfComponents;
    std::string endian, raw_filename;
    while (arguments.read("--raw", sizeX, sizeY, sizeZ, numberBytesPerComponent, numberOfComponents, endian, raw_filename))
    {
        images.push_back(readRaw(sizeX, sizeY, sizeZ, numberBytesPerComponent, numberOfComponents, endian, raw_filename));
    }

    int images_pos = arguments.find("--images");
    if (images_pos>=0)
    {
        osg::ImageList imageList;
        int pos=images_pos+1;
        for(;pos<arguments.argc() && !arguments.isOption(pos);++pos)
        {
            std::string arg(arguments[pos]);
            if (arg.find('*') != std::string::npos)
            {
                osgDB::DirectoryContents contents = osgDB::expandWildcardsInFilename(arg);
                for (unsigned int i = 0; i < contents.size(); ++i)
                {
                    osg::Image *image = osgDB::readImageFile( contents[i] );

                    if(image)
                    {
                        OSG_NOTICE<<"Read osg::Image FileName::"<<image->getFileName()<<", pixelFormat=0x"<<std::hex<<image->getPixelFormat()<<std::dec<<", s="<<image->s()<<", t="<<image->t()<<", r="<<image->r()<<std::endl;
                        imageList.push_back(image);
                    }
                }
            }
            else
            {
                // not an option so assume string is a filename.
                osg::Image *image = osgDB::readImageFile( arguments[pos] );

                if(image)
                {
                    OSG_NOTICE<<"Read osg::Image FileName::"<<image->getFileName()<<", pixelFormat=0x"<<std::hex<<image->getPixelFormat()<<std::dec<<", s="<<image->s()<<", t="<<image->t()<<", r="<<image->r()<<std::endl;
                    imageList.push_back(image);
                }
            }
        }

        arguments.remove(images_pos, pos-images_pos);

        // pack the textures into a single texture.
        osg::Image* image = createTexture3D(imageList, numComponentsDesired, s_maximumTextureSize, t_maximumTextureSize, r_maximumTextureSize, resizeToPowerOfTwo);
        if (image)
        {
            images.push_back(image);
        }
        else
        {
            OSG_NOTICE<<"Unable to create 3D image from source files."<<std::endl;
        }
    }


    // any option left unread are converted into errors to write out later.
    arguments.reportRemainingOptionsAsUnrecognized();

    // report any errors if they have occurred when parsing the program arguments.
    if (arguments.errors())
    {
        arguments.writeErrorMessages(std::cout);
        return 1;
    }


    // assume remaining arguments are file names of textures.
    for(int pos=1;pos<arguments.argc();++pos)
    {
        if (!arguments.isOption(pos))
        {
            std::string filename = arguments[pos];
            if (osgDB::getLowerCaseFileExtension(filename)=="dicom")
            {
                // not an option so assume string is a filename.
                osg::Image* image = osgDB::readImageFile(filename);
                if (image)
                {
                    images.push_back(image);
                }
            }
            else
            {
                osgDB::FileType fileType = osgDB::fileType(filename);
                if (fileType == osgDB::FILE_NOT_FOUND)
                {
                    filename = osgDB::findDataFile(filename);
                    fileType = osgDB::fileType(filename);
                }

                if (fileType == osgDB::DIRECTORY)
                {
                    osg::Image* image = osgDB::readImageFile(filename+".dicom");
                    if (image) images.push_back(image);
                }
                else if (fileType == osgDB::REGULAR_FILE)
                {
                    // not an option so assume string is a filename.
                    osg::Image* image = osgDB::readImageFile( filename );
                    if (image) images.push_back(image);
                }
                else
                {
                    osg::notify(osg::NOTICE)<<"Error: could not find file: "<<filename<<std::endl;
                    return 1;
                }
            }
        }
    }

    if (images.empty())
    {
        std::cout<<"No model loaded, please specify a volumetric image file on the command line."<<std::endl;
        return 1;
    }


    Images::iterator sizeItr = images.begin();
    int image_s = (*sizeItr)->s();
    int image_t = (*sizeItr)->t();
    int image_r = (*sizeItr)->r();
    ++sizeItr;

    for(;sizeItr != images.end(); ++sizeItr)
    {
        if ((*sizeItr)->s() != image_s ||
            (*sizeItr)->t() != image_t ||
            (*sizeItr)->r() != image_r)
        {
            std::cout<<"Images in sequence are not of the same dimensions."<<std::endl;
            return 1;
        }
    }


    osg::ref_ptr<osgVolume::ImageDetails> details = dynamic_cast<osgVolume::ImageDetails*>(images.front()->getUserData());
    osg::ref_ptr<osg::RefMatrix> matrix = details ? details->getMatrix() : dynamic_cast<osg::RefMatrix*>(images.front()->getUserData());

    if (!matrix)
    {
        if (xSize==0.0) xSize = static_cast<float>(image_s);
        if (ySize==0.0) ySize = static_cast<float>(image_t);
        if (zSize==0.0) zSize = static_cast<float>(image_r);

        matrix = new osg::RefMatrix(xSize, 0.0,   0.0,   0.0,
                                    0.0,   ySize, 0.0,   0.0,
                                    0.0,   0.0,   zSize, 0.0,
                                    0.0,   0.0,   0.0,   1.0);
    }


    if (xMultiplier!=1.0 || yMultiplier!=1.0 || zMultiplier!=1.0)
    {
        matrix->postMultScale(osg::Vec3d(fabs(xMultiplier), fabs(yMultiplier), fabs(zMultiplier)));
    }

    osg::Vec4 minValue(FLT_MAX, FLT_MAX, FLT_MAX, FLT_MAX);
    osg::Vec4 maxValue(-FLT_MAX, -FLT_MAX, -FLT_MAX, -FLT_MAX);
    bool computeMinMax = false;
    for(Images::iterator itr = images.begin();
        itr != images.end();
        ++itr)
    {
        osg::Vec4 localMinValue, localMaxValue;
        if (osg::computeMinMax(itr->get(), localMinValue, localMaxValue))
        {
            if (localMinValue.r()<minValue.r()) minValue.r() = localMinValue.r();
            if (localMinValue.g()<minValue.g()) minValue.g() = localMinValue.g();
            if (localMinValue.b()<minValue.b()) minValue.b() = localMinValue.b();
            if (localMinValue.a()<minValue.a()) minValue.a() = localMinValue.a();

            if (localMaxValue.r()>maxValue.r()) maxValue.r() = localMaxValue.r();
            if (localMaxValue.g()>maxValue.g()) maxValue.g() = localMaxValue.g();
            if (localMaxValue.b()>maxValue.b()) maxValue.b() = localMaxValue.b();
            if (localMaxValue.a()>maxValue.a()) maxValue.a() = localMaxValue.a();

            osg::notify(osg::NOTICE)<<"  ("<<localMinValue<<") ("<<localMaxValue<<") "<<(*itr)->getFileName()<<std::endl;

            computeMinMax = true;
        }
    }

    if (computeMinMax)
    {
        osg::notify(osg::NOTICE)<<"Min value "<<minValue<<std::endl;
        osg::notify(osg::NOTICE)<<"Max value "<<maxValue<<std::endl;

        float minComponent = minValue[0];
        minComponent = osg::minimum(minComponent,minValue[1]);
        minComponent = osg::minimum(minComponent,minValue[2]);
        minComponent = osg::minimum(minComponent,minValue[3]);

        float maxComponent = maxValue[0];
        maxComponent = osg::maximum(maxComponent,maxValue[1]);
        maxComponent = osg::maximum(maxComponent,maxValue[2]);
        maxComponent = osg::maximum(maxComponent,maxValue[3]);

#if 0
        switch(rescaleOperation)
        {
            case(NO_RESCALE):
                break;

            case(RESCALE_TO_ZERO_TO_ONE_RANGE):
            {
                float scale = 0.99f/(maxComponent-minComponent);
                float offset = -minComponent * scale;

                for(Images::iterator itr = images.begin();
                    itr != images.end();
                    ++itr)
                {
                    osg::offsetAndScaleImage(itr->get(),
                        osg::Vec4(offset, offset, offset, offset),
                        osg::Vec4(scale, scale, scale, scale));
                }
                break;
            }
            case(SHIFT_MIN_TO_ZERO):
            {
                float offset = -minComponent;

                for(Images::iterator itr = images.begin();
                    itr != images.end();
                    ++itr)
                {
                    osg::offsetAndScaleImage(itr->get(),
                        osg::Vec4(offset, offset, offset, offset),
                        osg::Vec4(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f));
                }
                break;
            }
        };
#endif
    }


    if (colourSpaceOperation!=osg::NO_COLOR_SPACE_OPERATION)
    {
        for(Images::iterator itr = images.begin();
            itr != images.end();
            ++itr)
        {
            (*itr) = osg::colorSpaceConversion(colourSpaceOperation, itr->get(), colourModulate);
        }
    }

    if (!gpuTransferFunction && transferFunction.valid())
    {
        for(Images::iterator itr = images.begin();
            itr != images.end();
            ++itr)
        {
            *itr = osgVolume::applyTransferFunction(itr->get(), transferFunction.get());
        }
    }

    osg::ref_ptr<osg::Image> image_3d = 0;

    if (images.size()==1)
    {
        osg::notify(osg::NOTICE)<<"Single image "<<images.size()<<" volumes."<<std::endl;
        image_3d = images.front();
    }
    else
    {
        osg::notify(osg::NOTICE)<<"Creating sequence of "<<images.size()<<" volumes."<<std::endl;

        osg::ref_ptr<osg::ImageSequence> imageSequence = new osg::ImageSequence;
        imageSequence->setLength(sequenceLength);
        image_3d = imageSequence.get();
        for(Images::iterator itr = images.begin();
            itr != images.end();
            ++itr)
        {
            imageSequence->addImage(itr->get());
        }
        imageSequence->play();
    }

    osg::ref_ptr<osgVolume::Volume> volume = new osgVolume::Volume;
    osg::ref_ptr<osgVolume::VolumeTile> tile = new osgVolume::VolumeTile;
    volume->addChild(tile.get());

    osg::ref_ptr<osgVolume::ImageLayer> layer = new osgVolume::ImageLayer(image_3d.get());

    if (details)
    {
        layer->setTexelOffset(details->getTexelOffset());
        layer->setTexelScale(details->getTexelScale());
    }

    switch(rescaleOperation)
    {
        case(NO_RESCALE):
            break;

        case(RESCALE_TO_ZERO_TO_ONE_RANGE):
        {
            layer->rescaleToZeroToOneRange();
            break;
        }
        case(SHIFT_MIN_TO_ZERO):
        {
            layer->translateMinToZero();
            break;
        }
    };

    if (xMultiplier<0.0 || yMultiplier<0.0 || zMultiplier<0.0)
    {
        layer->setLocator(new osgVolume::Locator(
            osg::Matrix::translate(xMultiplier<0.0 ? -1.0 : 0.0, yMultiplier<0.0 ? -1.0 : 0.0, zMultiplier<0.0 ? -1.0 : 0.0) *
            osg::Matrix::scale(xMultiplier<0.0 ? -1.0 : 1.0, yMultiplier<0.0 ? -1.0 : 1.0, zMultiplier<0.0 ? -1.0 : 1.0) *
            (*matrix)
            ));;
    }
    else
    {
        layer->setLocator(new osgVolume::Locator(*matrix));
    }
    tile->setLocator(new osgVolume::Locator(*matrix));

    tile->setLayer(layer.get());

    tile->setEventCallback(new osgVolume::PropertyAdjustmentCallback());

    if (useShader)
    {

        osgVolume::SwitchProperty* sp = new osgVolume::SwitchProperty;
        sp->setActiveProperty(0);

        osgVolume::AlphaFuncProperty* ap = new osgVolume::AlphaFuncProperty(alphaFunc);
        osgVolume::IsoSurfaceProperty* isop = new osgVolume::IsoSurfaceProperty(alphaFunc);

        // SampleDensity is now deprecated
        osgVolume::SampleDensityProperty* sd = new osgVolume::SampleDensityProperty(0.005f);
        osgVolume::SampleDensityWhenMovingProperty* sdwm = sampleDensityWhenMoving!=0.0 ? new osgVolume::SampleDensityWhenMovingProperty(sampleDensityWhenMoving) : 0;

        // use SampleRatio in place of SampleDensity
        osgVolume::SampleRatioProperty* sr = new osgVolume::SampleRatioProperty(1.0f);
        osgVolume::SampleRatioWhenMovingProperty* srwm = sampleRatioWhenMoving!=0.0 ? new osgVolume::SampleRatioWhenMovingProperty(sampleRatioWhenMoving) : 0;

        osgVolume::TransparencyProperty* tp = new osgVolume::TransparencyProperty(1.0);
        osgVolume::TransferFunctionProperty* tfp = transferFunction.valid() ? new osgVolume::TransferFunctionProperty(transferFunction.get()) : 0;

        {
            // Standard
            osgVolume::CompositeProperty* cp = new osgVolume::CompositeProperty;
            cp->addProperty(ap);
            if (useMultipass)
            {
                cp->addProperty(sr);
                if (srwm) cp->addProperty(srwm);
            }
            else
            {
                cp->addProperty(sd);
                if (sdwm) cp->addProperty(sdwm);
            }
            cp->addProperty(tp);

            if (tfp)
            {
                OSG_NOTICE<<"Adding TransferFunction"<<std::endl;
                cp->addProperty(tfp);
            }

            sp->addProperty(cp);
        }

        {
            // Light
            osgVolume::CompositeProperty* cp = new osgVolume::CompositeProperty;
            cp->addProperty(ap);
            if (useMultipass) cp->addProperty(sr);
            else cp->addProperty(sd);
            cp->addProperty(tp);
            cp->addProperty(new osgVolume::LightingProperty);
            if (sdwm) cp->addProperty(sdwm);
            if (tfp) cp->addProperty(tfp);

            sp->addProperty(cp);
        }

        {
            // Isosurface
            osgVolume::CompositeProperty* cp = new osgVolume::CompositeProperty;
            if (useMultipass) cp->addProperty(sr);
            else cp->addProperty(sd);
            cp->addProperty(tp);
            cp->addProperty(isop);
            if (sdwm) cp->addProperty(sdwm);
            if (tfp) cp->addProperty(tfp);

            sp->addProperty(cp);
        }

        {
            // MaximumIntensityProjection
            osgVolume::CompositeProperty* cp = new osgVolume::CompositeProperty;
            cp->addProperty(ap);

            if (useMultipass) cp->addProperty(sr);
            else cp->addProperty(sd);

            cp->addProperty(tp);
            cp->addProperty(new osgVolume::MaximumIntensityProjectionProperty);
            if (sdwm) cp->addProperty(sdwm);
            if (tfp) cp->addProperty(tfp);

            sp->addProperty(cp);
        }

        switch(shadingModel)
        {
            case(Standard):                     sp->setActiveProperty(0); break;
            case(Light):                        sp->setActiveProperty(1); break;
            case(Isosurface):                   sp->setActiveProperty(2); break;
            case(MaximumIntensityProjection):   sp->setActiveProperty(3); break;
        }
        layer->addProperty(sp);


        if (useMultipass)
        {
            tile->setVolumeTechnique(new osgVolume::MultipassTechnique);
        }
        else
        {
            tile->setVolumeTechnique(new osgVolume::RayTracedTechnique);
        }
    }
    else
    {
        layer->addProperty(new osgVolume::AlphaFuncProperty(alphaFunc));
        tile->setVolumeTechnique(new osgVolume::FixedFunctionTechnique);
    }

    if (!outputFile.empty())
    {
        std::string ext = osgDB::getFileExtension(outputFile);
        std::string name_no_ext = osgDB::getNameLessExtension(outputFile);
        if (ext=="osg" || ext=="osgt" || ext=="osgx" )
        {
            if (image_3d.valid())
            {
                image_3d->setFileName(name_no_ext + ".dds");
                osgDB::writeImageFile(*image_3d, image_3d->getFileName());
            }
            osgDB::writeNodeFile(*volume, outputFile);
        }
        else if (ext=="ive" || ext=="osgb" )
        {
            osgDB::writeNodeFile(*volume, outputFile);
        }
        else if (ext=="dds")
        {
            osgDB::writeImageFile(*image_3d, outputFile);
        }
        else
        {
            std::cout<<"Extension not support for file output, not file written."<<std::endl;
        }

        return 0;
    }

    if (volume.valid())
    {

        osg::ref_ptr<osg::Node> loadedModel = volume.get();

        if (useManipulator)
        {
            osg::ref_ptr<osg::Group> group = new osg::Group;

#if 1
            osg::ref_ptr<osgManipulator::Dragger> dragger = new osgManipulator::TabBoxDragger;
#else
            osg::ref_ptr<osgManipulator::Dragger> dragger = new osgManipulator::TrackballDragger();
#endif
            dragger->setupDefaultGeometry();
            dragger->setHandleEvents(true);
            dragger->setActivationModKeyMask(osgGA::GUIEventAdapter::MODKEY_SHIFT);
            dragger->addDraggerCallback(new DraggerVolumeTileCallback(tile.get(), tile->getLocator()));
            dragger->setMatrix(osg::Matrix::translate(0.5,0.5,0.5)*tile->getLocator()->getTransform());


            group->addChild(dragger.get());

            //dragger->addChild(volume.get());

            group->addChild(volume.get());

            loadedModel = group;
        }

        if (hulls.get())
        {
            tile->addChild(hulls.get());
        }

        // add add models into the scene alongside the volume
        if (models.get())
        {
            osg::ref_ptr<osg::Group> group = new osg::Group;
            group->addChild(models.get());
            group->addChild(loadedModel.get());
            loadedModel = group.get();
        }

        // if we want to do multi-pass volume rendering we need decorate the whole scene with a VolumeScene node.
        if (useMultipass)
        {
            osg::ref_ptr<osgVolume::VolumeScene> volumeScene = new osgVolume::VolumeScene;
            volumeScene->addChild(loadedModel.get());
            loadedModel->getOrCreateStateSet();
            loadedModel = volumeScene.get();
        }



        // set the scene to render
        viewer.setSceneData(loadedModel.get());

        // the the viewers main frame loop
        viewer.run();
    }

    return 0;
}