103 lines
3.7 KiB
ReStructuredText
103 lines
3.7 KiB
ReStructuredText
***************
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RFC Conformance
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***************
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JSON is specified in :rfc:`4627`, *"The application/json Media Type
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for JavaScript Object Notation (JSON)"*. This chapter discusses
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Jansson's conformance to this specification.
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Character Encoding
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==================
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Jansson only supports UTF-8 encoded JSON texts. It does not support or
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auto-detect any of the other encodings mentioned in the RFC, namely
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UTF-16LE, UTF-16BE, UTF-32LE or UTF-32BE. Pure ASCII is supported, as
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it's a subset of UTF-8.
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Strings
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=======
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JSON strings are mapped to C-style null-terminated character arrays,
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and UTF-8 encoding is used internally. Strings may not contain
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embedded null characters, not even escaped ones.
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For example, trying to decode the following JSON text leads to a parse
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error::
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["this string contains the null character: \u0000"]
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All other Unicode codepoints U+0001 through U+10FFFF are allowed.
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Numbers
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=======
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Real vs. Integer
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----------------
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JSON makes no distinction between real and integer numbers; Jansson
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does. Real numbers are mapped to the ``double`` type and integers to
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the ``int`` type.
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A JSON number is considered to be a real number if its lexical
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representation includes one of ``e``, ``E``, or ``.``; regardless if
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its actual numeric value is a true integer (e.g., all of ``1E6``,
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``3.0``, ``400E-2``, and ``3.14E3`` are mathematical integers, but
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will be treated as real values).
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All other JSON numbers are considered integers.
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When encoding to JSON, real values are always represented
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with a fractional part; e.g., the ``double`` value 3.0 will be
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represented in JSON as ``3.0``, not ``3``.
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Overflow, Underflow & Precision
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-------------------------------
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Real numbers whose absolute values are too small to be represented in
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a C double will be silently estimated with 0.0. Thus, depending on
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platform, JSON numbers very close to zero such as 1E-999 may result in
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0.0.
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Real numbers whose absolute values are too large to be represented in
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a C ``double`` type will result in an overflow error (a JSON decoding
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error). Thus, depending on platform, JSON numbers like 1E+999 or
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-1E+999 may result in a parsing error.
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Likewise, integer numbers whose absolute values are too large to be
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represented in the ``int`` type will result in an overflow error (a
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JSON decoding error). Thus, depending on platform, JSON numbers like
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1000000000000000 may result in parsing error.
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Parsing JSON real numbers may result in a loss of precision. As long
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as overflow does not occur (i.e. a total loss of precision), the
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rounded approximate value is silently used. Thus the JSON number
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1.000000000000000005 may, depending on platform, result in the
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``double`` value 1.0.
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Signed zeros
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------------
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JSON makes no statement about what a number means; however Javascript
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(ECMAscript) does state that +0.0 and -0.0 must be treated as being
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distinct values, i.e. -0.0 |not-equal| 0.0. Jansson relies on the
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underlying floating point library in the C environment in which it is
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compiled. Therefore it is platform-dependent whether 0.0 and -0.0 will
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be distinct values. Most platforms that use the IEEE 754
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floating-point standard will support signed zeros.
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Note that this only applies to floating-point; neither JSON, C, or
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IEEE support the concept of signed integer zeros.
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.. |not-equal| unicode:: U+2260
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Types
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-----
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No support is provided in Jansson for any C numeric types other than
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``int`` and ``double``. This excludes things such as unsigned types,
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``long``, ``long long``, ``long double``, etc. Obviously, shorter
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types like ``short`` and ``float`` are implicitly handled via the
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ordinary C type coercion rules (subject to overflow semantics). Also,
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no support or hooks are provided for any supplemental "bignum" type
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add-on packages.
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