This happens because FreeSWITCH is not able to parse the "From" header when it has multiple occurrences of ':'. So user is not able to join audio.
To fix, we now changed the "callerId" to use the base64 value of the user name, instead of directly using user's input (the callerId format keeps being a triple like this: <user_id>-bbbID-<base64_encoded_name>).
Once this callerIdName is encoded at the same point it is generated, there shouldn't be server side effects for changing this value; except for those places where the callerName is retrieved by splitting this triple (such as the voice talking-indicator, as described below).
Updated the talking-indicator to retrieve the username from User's object, instead of retrieving from the one username generated by splitting the callerId triple.
This problem also happens in versions <= 2.2.26.